Bloodshed in the Caucasus: Escalation of the Armed Conflict in Nagorno KarabakhHuman Rights Watch, 1992 - 84 pages Attacks, targeting of civilian structures; hostage-taking; beating, |
Contents
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Common terms and phrases
According Agdam Alazani April April 24 armed forces Armenian and Azerbaijani Armenian forces Article Artsakh Askeran Azerbaijani forces Azerbaijani government Azerbaijani officials Azerbaijani OMON Azerbaijani village Baky basement beat Chaikent civilian casualties civilian objects civilian population combatants conflict in Nagorno customary law destroyed ethnic Armenian February February 11 female Fizuli fled Geneva Conventions Getashen Helsinki Watch interviewed Helsinki Watch representatives hospital hostage-taking hostages hostilities housewife human rights ICRC ICRC Commentary Indiscriminate Attacks individual civilians internal armed conflicts interview with Helsinki interviewed by Helsinki Kerkijahan Khanlar Khojaly killed Lachin legitimate military targets located Malybeyli and Gushchular Maraga Martakert Martunashen Martuni military objectives militia Nagorno Karabakh Nakhichevanik Operation Ring party persons prohibited propiska protection Protocol Protocol II reported reportedly Russian self-defense forces self-defense post Shaumian District shooting Shusha Soviet Stepanakert told Helsinki Watch troops United Nations Unknown male USSR violations weapons woman worker wounded Yerevan
Popular passages
Page 68 - ... outrages upon personal dignity, in particular humiliating and degrading treatment ; (d) the passing of sentences and the carrying out of executions without previous judgment pronounced by a regularly constituted court, affording all the judicial guarantees which are recognized as indispensable by civilized peoples.
Page 76 - ... an attack which may be expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians, damage to civilian objects, or a combination thereof, which would be excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated.
Page 67 - Persons taking no active part in the hostilities, including members of armed forces who have laid down their arms and those placed hors de combat by sickness, wounds, detention, or any other cause...
Page 72 - The presence of a protected person may not be used to render certain points or areas immune from military operations.
Page 78 - Protection of medical units and transports 1. Medical units and transports shall be respected and protected at all times and shall not be the object of attack. 2. The protection to which medical units and transports are entitled shall not cease unless they are used to commit hostile acts, outside their humanitarian function. Protection may, however, cease only after a warning has been given setting, whenever appropriate, a reasonable time-limit, and after such warning has remained unheeded.
Page 74 - Indiscriminate attacks are: (a) those which are not directed at a specific military objective; (b) those which employ a method or means of combat which cannot be directed at a specific military objective; or (c) those which employ a method or means of combat the effects of which cannot be limited as required by this Protocol; and consequently, in each such case, are of a nature to strike military objectives and civilians or civilian objects without distinction.
Page 71 - Persons who accompany the armed forces without actually being members thereof, such as civilian members of military aircraft crews, war correspondents, supply contractors, members of labour units or of services responsible for the welfare of the armed forces...
Page 70 - The civilian population as such, as well as individual civilians, shall not be the object of attack. Acts or threats of violence the primary purpose of which is to spread terror among the civilian population are prohibited.
Page 67 - To this end, the following acts are and shall remain prohibited at any time and in any place whatsoever...
Page 75 - Refrain from deciding to launch any attack which may be expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians, damage to civilian objects...