(b) Implementation of a more stringent mobile source nitrogen oxides control program for diesel powered vehicles and engines with standards, to the extent possible, no less stringent than the standards for the respective duty classes of gasoline powered vehicles and engines. Requirement that, by January 1, 1995, each new electric utility unit and each electric utility unit greater than 25 MWe existing on the date of enactment of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (November 15, 1990) emitting sulphur dioxide or nitrogen oxides install and operate continuous emission monitoring systems or alternative systems approved by the Administrator of EPA, to the extent required by section 412 of the Clean Air Act. 2. For Canada: Requirement that, by January 1, 1995, Canada estimate sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions from each new electric utility unit and each existing electric utility unit greater than 25 MWe using a method of comparable effectiveness to continuous emission monitoring, as well as The Government of Canada will propose this effective date; the final effective date is subject to the procedures and outcome of the regulation development process. investigate the feasibility of using and implement, where appropriate, continuous emission monitoring systems. The Parties shall consult, as appropriate, concerning the implementation of the above. 4. Requirement that the Parties work towards utilizing comparably effective methods of emission estimation for sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions from all major industrial boilers and process sources, including smelters. Prevention of Air Quality Deterioration and Visibility Protection Recognizing the importance of preventing significant air quality deterioration and protecting visibility, particularly for international parks, national, state, and provincial parks, and designated wilderness areas: A. B. C. For the United States: Requirement that the United States maintain means for preventing significant air quality deterioration and protecting visibility, to the extent required by Part C of Title I of the Clean Air Act, with respect to sources that could cause significant transboundary air pollution. For Canada: Requirement that Canada, by January 1, 1995, develop and implement means affording levels of prevention of significant air quality deterioration and protection of visibility comparable to those in paragraph A above, with respect to sources that could cause significant transboundary air pollution. For Both Parties: The Parties shall consult, as appropriate, concerning the implementation of the above. 1. ANNEX 2 SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES AND ECONOMIC RESEARCH For the purpose of determining and reporting on air pollutant concentrations and deposition, the Parties agree to coordinate their air pollutant monitoring activities through: (a) (b) (c) coordination of existing networks; additions to monitoring tasks of existing networks of those air pollutants that the Parties agree should be monitored for the purposes of this Agreement; addition of stations or networks where no existing monitoring facility can perform a necessary function for purposes of this Agreement; (d) the use of compatible data management procedures, formats, and methods; and 2. For the purpose of determining and reporting air emissions levels, historical trends, and projections with respect to the achievement of the general and specific objectives set forth in this Agreement, the Parties agree to coordinate their activities through: (a) identification of such air emissions information that the Parties agree should be exchanged for the purposes of this Agreement; the use of measurement and estimation procedures of comparable effectiveness; (b) (c) the use of compatible data management procedures, formats, and methods; and 4. The Parties agree to cooperate and exchange information with respect to: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) their monitoring of the effects of changes in air pollutant concentrations and deposition with respect to changes in various effects categories, e.g., aquatic ecosystems, visibility, and forests; their determination of any effects of atmospheric pollution on human health and ecosystems, e.g., research on health effects of acid aerosols, research on the long-term effects of low concentrations of air pollutants on ecosystems, possibly in a critical loads framework; their development and refinement of atmospheric models for purposes of determining source receptor relationships and transboundary transport and deposition of air pollutants; their development and demonstration of technologies and measures for controlling emissions of air pollutants, in particular acidic deposition precursors, subject to their respective laws, regulations and policies; their analysis of market-based mechanisms, including emissions trading; and any other scientific and technical activities or economic research that the Parties may agree upon for purposes of supporting the general and specific objectives of this Agreement. The Parties further agree to consult on approaches to, and share information and results of research on, methods to mitigate the impacts of acidic deposition, including the environmental effects and economic aspects of such methods. |