"With the following EMBELLISHMENT 8, viz. No. I. An elegant Likeness of Dr. Franklin No. II. Maternal Affection. No. III. A Song fet to Mufic. ibid. 114 115 &c. B O ST N: Printed and Published by NORMAN & WHITE, at their Office in Marshall's Lane, near the Bofton Stone. E Acknowledgments to Correfpondents. XTRACTS from, and Imitations of, Gefner; Tho'ts on public and private Credit; Verfes by a young Lady, with a prefent of a Pen knife; and I. K's Fancy; acknowledged as received in our laft, are rejected. Hiftorical, Philofophical, and Philological Queries, by Senora Tobofa; Ode to Fortitude; and a Poem on the Day of Judgment; are received, but cannot be adn.itted. Our Enigmatical Correfpondents are very liberal of their favours: We have felected thofe two Lifts which we judge will be most acceptable to our Female Readers. Page 90, for with, read without. p. 111 a column & 1. from bot. " Bat happieft, brighteft, beft prefage," was omitted in a few copies, before it was difcovered. Same column 131. from bot, for "honour's " read “horror's." The UNITED STATES in CONGRESS affembled, Dec. 23, 1783. According to order, his Excellency the Commander in Chief was admitted to a public audience, and being feated, the Prefident, after a paufe, informed him that the United States in Congress affembled were prepared to receive his communications; whereupon he arose, and addreffed Congress as follows: Mr. PRESIDENT, to HE great events on which my refignation depended having at length taken place, I have now the honour of offering my fincere congratulations Congrefs, and of preenting myfelf before them, to furender into their hands the truft committed to me,and to claim the indulgence retiring from the fervice of my coun}. Happy in the confirmation of our dependence and fovereignty, and eafed with the opportunity afforded United States, of becoming a respec table nation, I resign with fatisfaction the appointment I accepted with diff dence--a diffidence in my abilities to accomplish fo arduous a task; which, however, was fuperceded by a confdence in the rectitude of our cause, the fupport of the fupreme power of the Union, and the patronage of Heaven. The fuccefsful termination of the war has verified the moft fanguine expectations; and my gratitude for the interpofition of providence, and the affiftance I have received from my countrymen, increases with every review of the momentous conteft. While I repeat my obligations to the army in general, I fhould do injuftice to my own feelings not to acknowledge in this place, the peculiar fervices and diftinguished merits, of the gentlemen who have been attached to my perfon during the war. It was imposible the choice of conAdential officers to compofe my family, fhould have been more fortunate, Permit me, fir, to recommend in particular, those who have continued in the service to the prefent moment, as worthy of the favourable notice and patronage of Congress. I confider I confider it as an indifpenfible du ty to close this last folemu act of my official life by commending the interefts of our dea country to the protection of Almighty God, and thofe who have the fuperintendence of them to his holy keeping. Having now finifhed the work af figned me,I retire from the great thea We feel with you our obligations to The army in general, and will particalarly charge ourfelves with the interefts of thofe confidential officers who have attended your perfon to this affecting moment. We join you in commending the interefts of our dear country to the protection of Almighty God, befeech ire of action; and bidding an affe&ti-ing him to difpofe the hearts and onate farewel to this auguft body, un der whofe order I have fo long afted. I bere offer my commiffion, and take my leave of all the employments of public life. He then advanced, and delivered to the Prefident his commiffion, with a copy of his addrefs, and having refumed his place, the President returned him the following answer : HE minds of its citizens to improve the opportunity afforded them of becoming a happy and refpe&able nation. And for You we addrefs to him our earneft prayers, that a life fo beloved, may be foltered with all his care; that your days may be happy as they have been ILLUSTRIOUS, and that he will finally give you that reward which this world cannot give. Here we muft let fall the fcene--- Temnice, receive with emoti- few tragedies ever drew-more tears affembled, ons too affecting for utterance, the folemn refignation of the authorities under which you have led their troops with fuccefs, through a perilous and doubtful war Called upon by your country to defend, its invaded rights, you accepted The facred charge before it had formed alliances, and whilft it was without funds or a government to fupport you. You have conducted the great military conteft with wifdom and fortitude, invariably regarding the rights of the civil power, through all difafers and changes. You have, by the love and confidence of your fellow citizens, enabled them to difplay their martial genius, and tranfmit their fame to pofterity. You have perfevered till thefe United States (aided by a magnanimous king and nation) have been enabled, under a juft Providence, to clofe the war in freedom, fafety and Independence; on which happy event we fincerely join you in congratulations. Having defended the fandard of liberty in this new world; having taught a leffon useful to those who inAft, and to thofe who feel oppreffion, you retire from the great theatre of action, with the bleffing of your fellow-citizens. But the CLORY of your virtues will not terminate with your military command; it will continue te animate remoteft ages. from fo many beautiful eyes, as were affected by the moving manner in which his Excellency took his final After which he leave of Congrefs. immediately fet out for Mount Vernon, in Virginia, accompanied to South river, by his Excellency our Governor, with the warmeft withes of the cityfor his repose, health and happiness. Long, long may he enjoy them! H On Animal Heat.. EAT is in the material world, the chief principle of activity; Hence plants and animals derive their growth and vigour; and nature perfect in every energy, has endowed the animal body with a power of generating its own heat. Without this, the temperature of the air in various climates, would have been deftructive of life, and man could only have been the inhabitant of the temperate zones. If a thousand different in-animate bodies, heated to various degrees, be brought together in a place where there is no pofitive caufe of heat, the heat will immediately begin to flow from the hotter to the colder bodies, till all become af one temperature. But this is by no means the cafe with respect to animated matters; for whatever be the peculiar degree of heat of individual animals, they pre ferve ferve it able and unchanged in every temperature to which they can be expoled; provided it be not altogether incompatible with life and health. Thus we find that the human body is not only capable in certain circumftances, of fupporting, without any material change, a degree of heat, in which the the mometer rises confiderably above the heat of boiling water, but like wife that it maintains its ufual temperature, whilft the furround. ing medium is feveral degrees below the point of congelation. It is there fore evident, that animals neither re'ceive their heat from the bodies around them, not fuffer from the influence of external circumftances, any material alterations in that heat which is pecu liar to their nature. Late accurate ebfervations show, that the degree of heat in the more perfect animals of the fame genus and Ipecies, continues very uniformly the fame, whether they be environed by mountains of fnow, near the pole, or exposed to a vertical fun, in the fultry regions of the torrid zone. The fabulity and uniformity of animal heat. under fuch a disparity of external circumftances, and fo vaft a latitude in the temperature of the ambient air, leave no room to doubt that the living body is furnished with a peculiar mechanifm, or power of generating, fupporting and regulating its own temperature; and that this is fo adapted to the circumftances of the @conomy, or, to speak more accurately, fo immediately dependant upon them, that whatever be the heat of the atmosphere, it shall have very little influence either in diminishing or encreafing that of the animal. It is obfered that all animals are one degree at leaft warmer than the ordinary temperature of the element they inhabitt. All phyfiologifts agree in allowing a neceffary connection betwixt the degree of heat generated, and the ftate of circulation, and every one must have obferved that whilft the motion of the circulating mafs continues vigorous and unimpaired, the temperature of the body fuffers no change from the influence of external circum Philo. Tranf. vol. 65. † Martin, ou Therm. ftances; but no fooner has the hear ceafed to play, and the blood begur to ftagnate in its canals, than the ab fence of the generating caufe of hea becomes manifeft: For the lifelefs maf faks to the temperature of the bodie around it. We find, indeed, a few deviations from the common proce dure of nature; but they are too few and too ambiguous, to affect in any degree the general fat. † Mr. d Haen, who has attended in a particu lar manner, to the subject of anima heat, brings as unanswerable obje&i ons to its mechanical generation, two cafes, which fell within his own ob fervation. In the one, he found tha the temperature of his patient, during the courfe of an inflammatory fever had not rifen above 103 degrees, Roo at the time he expired, and for tw minutes after at 106. From the othe it appears, that the heat of a perfon who was dying of a lingering diftem per, rofe in the laft agony, from on hundred degrees to 101, and continue there. Rationary for 2 hours, and eve after the expiration of fifteen hours had only failen to 85 degrees,though th ambient medium did not exceed 60. It may not be improper to obferve that the vital principle is not alway immediately extinguished on the cea ing of refpiration. Breath and lif have been confidered in all ages, i breathing animals as fynonimous; notion which has always been produc tive of the most unhappy confequence to mankind, and daily in large coun tries fends thousands to the grave be fore their time. We cannot doubt when we reflect on the many fortunat recoveries of perfone drowned, an apparently dead, that the living prin ciple may remain in the body, afte refpiration, and all the other natura and vital functions feem at an end,an be again by proper means excited int action. The records of the human fociety fhew, that within the year 177 there were 250 perfons brough to life in Britain. It has been afferted that fome i ftances within the memory of peop living, have occured in this town, perfons who had been baried, an who from after circumftances it probable had revived after burial. 4 Ratio M edendi, vol. 1. 11. |