which such reduction would apply, and so long as no organ of control has been established,

CONSIDERING that the aim of the reduction of conventional armaments and armed forces can only be attained in an atmosphere of real and lasting improvement in international relations, which implies in particular the application of control of atomic energy involving the prohibition of the atomic weapon,

BUT NOTING on the other hand that this renewal of confidence would be greatly encouraged if States were placed in possession of precise and verified data as to the level of their respective conventional armaments and armed forces,

Recommends the Security Council to pursue the study of the regulation and reduction of conventional armaments and armed forces through the agency of the Commission for Conventional Armaments in order to obtain concrete results as soon as possible;

Trusts that the Commission for Conventional Armaments, in carrying out its plan of work, will devote its first attention to formulating proposals for the receipt, checking and publication, by an international organ of control within the framework of the Security Council, of full information to be supplied by Member States with regard to their effectives and their conventional armaments;

Invites the Security Council to report to it no later than its next regular session on the effect given to the present recommendation with a view to enabling it to continue its activity with regard to the regulation of armaments in accordance with the purposes and principles defined by the Charter;

Invites all nations in the Commission for Conventional Armaments to co-operate to the utmost of their power in the attainment of the above-mentioned objectives.

4. The Problem of the Independence of Korea

[After referring to the previous action of the General Assembly on Korea, the report of the United Nations Temporary Commission on Korea, and the report of the Interim Committee regarding its consultations with the Temporary Commission, this resolution approves the conclusions of the reports of the Temporary Commission; declares that a lawful government has been established in Korea as a result of the elec tions observed by the Commission and that this is the only such government in Korea; recommends withdrawal of occupation forces from Korea as early as practicable; establishes a Commission on Korea, with head

quarters in Korea, to continue the work of the Temporary Commission, carry out the provisions of this resolution, and in particular lend its good offices to bring about the unification of all Korea and the integration of all Korean security forces; and calls upon the Members and Koreans to afford assistance to the Commission, to refrain from any acts derogatory to bringing about the complete independence and integrity of Korea, and to take into consideration, in establishing their relations with the Government of Korea, the fact that the Government of the Republic of Korea is the lawful government.

This resolution was adopted by a vote of 48 to 6, with one abstention, on December 12.]

The General Assembly,

HAVING REGARD to its resolution 112 (II) of 14 November 1947 concerning the problem of the independence of Korea,

HAVING CONSIDERED the report of the United Nations Temporary Commission on Korea (hereinafter referred to as the "Temporary Commission"), and the report of the Interim Committee of the General Assembly regarding its consultation with the Temporary Commission,

MINDFUL of the fact that, due to difficulties referred to in the report of the Temporary Commission, the objectives set forth in the resolution of 14 November 1947 have not been fully accomplished, and in particular that unification of Korea has not yet been achieved,

1. Approves the conclusions of the reports of the Temporary Commission;

2. Declares that there has been established a lawful government (the Government of the Republic of Korea) having effective control and jurisdiction over that part of Korea where the Temporary Commission was able to observe and consult and in which the great majority of the people of all Korea reside; that this Government is based on elections which were a valid expression of the free will of the electorate of that part of Korea and which were observed by the Temporary Commission; and that this is the only such Government in Korea; 3. Recommends that the occupying Powers should withdraw their occupation forces from Korea as early as practicable;

4. Resolves that, as a means to the full accomplishment of the objectives set forth in the resolution of 14 November 1947, a Commission on Korea, consisting of the following States: Australia, China, El Salvador, France, India, the Philippines, Syria, should be established to continue the work of the Temporary Commission and carry out the provisions of the present resolution, having in mind the status of the

Government of the Republic of Korea as herein defined, and in particular to:

(a) Lend its good offices to bring about the unification of Korea and the integration of all Korean security forces in accordance with the principles laid down by the General Assembly in the resolution of 14 November 1947;

(b) Seek to facilitate the removal of barriers to economic, social and other friendly intercourse caused by the division of Korea;

(c) Be available for observation and consultation in the further development of representative government based on the freely expressed will of the people;

(d) Observe the actual withdrawal of the occupying forces and verify the fact of withdrawal when such has occurred: and for this purpose, if it so desires, request the assistance of military experts of the two occupying Powers;

5. Decides that the Commission:

(a) Shall within thirty days of the adoption of the present resolution, proceed to Korea, where it shall maintain its seat;

(b) Shall be regarded as having superseded the Temporary Commission established by the resolution of 14 November 1947;

(c) Is authorized to travel, consult and observe throughout Korea; (d) Shall determine its own procedures;

(e) May consult with the Interim Committee with respect to the discharge of its duties in the light of developments, and within the terms of the present resolution;

(f) Shall render a report to the next regular session of the General Assembly and to any prior special session which might be called to consider the subject matter of the present resolution, and shall render such interim reports as it may deem appropriate to the SecretaryGeneral for distribution to Members;

6. Requests that the Secretary-General should provide the Commission with adequate staff and facilities, including technical advisers as required; and authorizes the Secretary-General to pay the expenses and per diem of a representative and an alternate from each of the States members of the Commission;

7. Calls upon the Member States concerned, the Government of the Republic of Korea, and all Koreans to afford every assistance and facility to the Commission in the fulfilment of its responsibilities;

8. Calls upon Member States to refrain from any acts derogatory to the results achieved and to be achieved by the United Nations in bringing about the complete independence and unity of Korea;

9. Recommends that Member States and other nations, in establishing their relations with the Government of the Republic of Korea, take into consideration the facts set out in paragraph 2 of the present resolution.

5. Threats to the Political Independence and Territorial Integrity of Greece: Reports of the United Nations Special Committee on the Balkans

[Three resolutions relating to the Greek situation were adopted. The first, after noting the conclusions of the Special Committee on the Balkans to the effect that the Greek guerrillas had continued to receive assistance from Albania, Bulgaria, and Yugoslavia and that this situation constitutes a threat to the political independence and territorial integrity of Greece and to peace in the Balkans, calls upon Albania, Bulgaria, and Yugoslavia to cease any assistance to the guerrillas and to cooperate with Greece and the Special Committee toward the peaceful settlement of the dispute. It further recommends that all Members of the United Nations refrain from any action assisting armed groups fighting against the Greek Government. Finally, it approves the reports of the Special Committee and continues it in existence with its previous functions and those added by the present resolution; the Special Committee is authorized to consult in its discretion with the Interim Committee with respect to the performance of its functions in the light of developments. This resolution was adopted, by a vote of 47 to 6, on November 27.

A second resolution also adopted November 27, by a vote of 53 to 0, recommends the re-establishment of diplomatic relations between Greece and Bulgaria and Albania and the renewal of former, or the conclusion of new, frontier conventions by Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, and Yugoslavia; at the end of six months, the four Governments are to inform the Secretary-General of the fulfilment of the two recommendations.

The third resolution recommends the return to Greece of Greek children away from their homes and provides for implementation of this recommendation by the national Red Cross organizations in consultation with their International Committee. It was adopted unanimously on November 27.]

The General Assembly

I

1. HAVING CONSIDERED the reports of the Special Committee established by General Assembly resolution 109 (II);

2. HAVING NOTED the conclusions of the Special Committee and, in particular, its unanimous conclusion that, despite the aforesaid reso

lution of the General Assembly, "the Greek guerrillas have continued to receive aid and assistance on a large scale from Albania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia, with the knowledge of the Governments of those countries" and that the Greek guerrillas in the frontier zones have, as found by the Special Committee;

(1) "Been largely dependent on external supply. Great quantities of arms, ammunition and other military stores have come across the border, notably during times of heavy fighting. Strongly held positions of the guerrillas have protected their vital supply lines from Bulgaria, Yugoslavia and, in particular, from Albania. In recent months, there has been less evidence of receipt of supplies from Yugoslavia by the guerrillas.

(2) "Frequently moved at will in territory across the frontier for tactical reasons, and have thus been able to concentrate their forces without interference by the Greek Army, and to return to Greece when they wished.

(3) "Frequently retired safely into the territory of Albania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia when the Greek Army exerted great pressure."

3. HAVING NOTED further the conclusions of the Special Committee that a continuation of this situation "constitutes a threat to the political independence and territorial integrity of Greece and to peace in the Balkans" and "that the conduct of Albania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia has been inconsistent with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations";

4. HAVING NOTED the recommendations submitted by the Special Committee;

5. Considers that the continued aid given by Albania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia to the Greek guerrillas endangers peace in the Balkans, and is inconsistent with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations;

6. Calls upon Albania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia to cease forthwith rendering any assistance or support in any form to the guerrillas in fighting against the Greek Government, including the use of their territories as a base for the preparation or launching of armed action;

7. Again calls upon Albania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia to co-operate with Greece in the settlement of their dispute by peaceful means in accordance with the recommendations contained in resolution 109 (II);

8. Calls upon Albania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia to co-operate with the Special Committee in enabling it to carry out its functions, in particular the functions of being available to assist the Governments concerned in accordance with paragraph 10 (c) of this resolution, and upon Greece to continue to co-operate toward the same end;