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bers, or, in default of agreement, in a reasonable time by the Secretary-General; calls upon the Governments concerned to refrain from action prejudicial to the success of their negotiations, in particular implementation or enforcement by the South African Government of the Group Areas Act, and includes this item in the agenda of the next regular Assembly session.]

The General Assembly,

RECALLING its resolutions 44 (I) and 265 (III) relating to the treatment of people of Indian origin in the Union of South Africa,

HAVING CONSIDERED the communication by the Permanent Representative of India to the Secretary-General dated 10 July 1950,

HAVING IN MIND its resolution 103 (I) of 19 November 1946 against racial persecution and discrimination, and its resolution 217 (III) dated 10 December 1948 relating to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,

CONSIDERING that a policy of "racial segregation" (Apartheid) is necessarily based on doctrines of racial discrimination,

1. Recommends that the Governments of India, Pakistan and the Union of South Africa proceed, in accordance with resolution 265 (III), with the holding of a round table conference on the basis of their agreed agenda and bearing in mind the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations and of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights;

2. Recommends that, in the event of failure of the Governments concerned to hold a round table conference before 1 April 1951 or to reach agreement in the round table conference within a reasonable time, there shall be established for the purpose of assisting the parties in carrying through appropriate negotiations a commission of three members, one member to be nominated by the Government of the Union of South Africa, another to be nominated by the Governments of India and Pakistan and the third to be nominated by the other two members or, in default of agreement between these two, in a reasonable time by the Secre tary-General;

3. Calls upon the Governments concerned to refrain from taking any steps which would prejudice the success of their negotiations, in particular, the implementation or enforcement of the provisions of "The Group Areas Act," pending the conclusion of such negotiations;

4. Decides to include this item in the agenda of the next regular session of the General Assembly.

G. THREATS TO THE POLITICAL IN-
DEPENDENCE AND

TERRITORIAL

INTEGRITY OF GREECE

[The General Assembly on December 1, 1950, approved three resolutions on this item. The first resolution, which concerns those members of the Greek armed forces who were captured by the Greek guerrillas and taken into countries north of Greece, recommends the repatriation of all those who so wish, calls upon the states concerned to take the necessary measures of implementation, and instructs the Secretary-General to request the International Committee of the Red Cross and the League of Red Cross Societies to insure liaison with the national Red Cross

organizations of the states concerned, with a view to implementing the resolution. This resolution was approved by a vote of 53 to 5, with 1 abstention.

The second resolution approves the report of the United Nations Special Comnittee on the Balkans, continues it, and authorizes the Interim Committee (the 'Little Assembly") to act as it thinks proper on any recommendation which the Special Committee may make for its own dissolution. This resolution was adopted by a vote of 53 to 6, with no abstentions.

The third resolution deals with the repatriation of Greek children. It requests the Secretary-General and the International Committee of the Red Cross and League of Red Cross Societies to continue their efforts in accordance with previous Assembly resolutions on this subject, urges all states harboring Greek children to make necessary arrangements for their early return to their parents, establishes a three-member Standing Committee to act in consultation with the SecretaryGeneral and to consult with the states concerned with a view to early repatriation of the children, and requests the Secretary-General to report from time to time to members on the progress made in implementation of the present resolution. This resolution was adopted by 50 votes to 0, with 5 abstentions.]

The General Assembly,

A.

HAVING CONSIDERED the unanimous conclusions of the United Nations Special Committee on the Balkans concerning those members of the Greek armed forces who were captured by the Greek guerrillas and taken into countries north of Greece,

HAVING NOTED that, with the sole exception of Yugoslavia, the other States concerned are still detaining these members of the Greek armed forces without justification under commonly accepted international practice,

1. Recommends the repatriation of all those among them who express the wish to be repatriated;

2. Calls upon the States concerned to take the necessary measures for the speedy implementation of the present resolution;

3. Instructs the Secretary-General to request the International Committee of the Red Cross and the League of Red Cross Societies to ensure liaison with the national Red Cross organizations of the States concerned, with a view to implementing the present resolution.

B.

The General Assembly,

HAVING CONSIDERED the report of the United Nations Special Committee on the Balkans and having noted that, although a certain improvement has taken place in the situation on the northern frontiers of Greece, there nevertheless remains a threat to the political independence and territorial integrity of Greece,

1. Approves the report of the United Nations Special Committee on the Balkans;

2. Continues the Special Committee in being until the sixth session of the General Assembly, in accordance with the terms of reference and administrative arrangements contained in General Assembly resolutions 109 (II), 193 (III) and 288 (IV), unless meanwhile the Special Committee recommends to the Interim Committee its own dissolution;

3. Authorizes the Interim Committee to act on such recommendation as it thinks proper.

C.

The General Assembly,

NOTING with grave concern the reports of the International Committee of the Red Cross and the League of Red Cross Societies and of the Secretary-General, and particularly the statement that "not a single Greek child has yet been returned to his native land and, except for Yugoslavia, no country harbouring Greek children has taken definite action to comply with the resolution unanimously adopted in two successive years by the General Assembly",

RECOGNIZING that every possible effort should be made to restore the children to their homes, in a humanitarian spirit detached from political or ideological considerations,

EXPRESSING its full appreciation of the efforts made by the International Committee of the Red Cross and the League of Red Cross Societies and by the Secretary-General to implement General Assembly resolutions 193 C (III) and 288 B (IV),

1. Requests the Secretary-General and the International Committee of the Red Cross and the League of Red Cross Societies to continue their efforts in ac cordance with the aforementioned resolutions;

2. Urges all States harbouring the Greek children to make all the necessary arrangements, in co-operation with the Secretary-General and the internations' Red Cross organizations, for the early return of the Greek children to their parents and, whenever necessary, to allow the international Red Cross organizations free access to their territories for this purpose;

3. Establishes a Standing Committee, to be composed of the representatives of Peru, the Philippines and Sweden, to act in consultation with the SecretaryGeneral, and to consult with the representatives of the States concerned, with a view to the early repatriation of the children;

4. Requests the International Committee of the Red Cross and the League of Red Cross Societies to co-operate with the Standing Committee;

5. Requests the Secretary-General to report from time to time to Member States on the progress made in the implementation of the present resolution, and requests the international Red Cross organization and the Secretary-General to submit reports to the General Assembly at its sixth session.

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[This resolution takes note of the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on the peace-treaty procedure for settlement of disputes, condemns the willful refusal of Bulgaria, Hungary, and Rumania to fulfill their obligation to appoint representatives to the treaty commissions, and observes that the conduct of the three governments indicates their awareness of breaches of the peace treaties and their indifference to the sentiments of the world community. Also, it notes with anxiety the continued, serious accusations on the violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms in these three states and the lack of satisfactory refutation of these accusations, and invites members of the United Nations to submit any

vidence on this question to the Secretary-General, who is asked to notify members of any such information received. It was adopted November 3, 1950, by a vote of 40 to 5, with 12 abstentions.]

The General Assembly,

CONSIDERING that one of the purposes of the United Nations is to achieve international co-operation in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion.

HAVING REGARD to General Assembly resolutions 272 (III) and 294 (IV) concerning the question of the observance in Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania of human rights and fundamental freedoms, and to its decision in the latter resolution to submit certain questions to the International Court of Justice for an advisory opinion,

1. Takes note of the advisory opinion delivered by the International Court of Justice on 30 March 1950 and 18 July 1950 to the effect that:

(a) The diplomatic exchanges between Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania on the one hand, and certain Allied and Associated Powers signatories to the Treaties of Peace on the other, concerning the implementation of article 2 of the Treaties with Bulgaria and Hungary and article 3 of the Treaty with Romania, disclose disputes subject to the provisions for the settlement of disputes contained in article 36 of the Treaty of Peace with Bulgaria, article 40 of the Treaty of Peace with Hungary, and article 38 of the Treaty of Peace with Romania;

(b) The Governments of Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania are obligated to carry out the provisions of those articles of the Treaties of Peace which relate to the settlement of disputes, including the provisions for the appointment of representatives to the Treaty Commissions;

(c) If one party fails to appoint a representative to a Treaty Commission under the Treaties of Peace with Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania where that party is obligated to appoint a representative to the Treaty Commission, the Secretary-General of the United Nations is not authorized to appoint the third member of the Commission upon the request of the other party to a dispute;

2. Condemns the willful refusal of the Governments of Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania to fulfill their obligation under the provisions of the Treaties of Peace to appoint representatives to the Treaty Commissions, which obligation has been confirmed by the International Court of Justice;

3. Is of the opinion that the conduct of the Governments of Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania in this matter is such as to indicate that they are aware of breaches being committed of those articles of the Treaties of Peace under which they are obligated to secure the enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms in their countries; and that they are callously indifferent to the sentiments of the world community;

4. Notes with anxiety the continuance of serious accusations on these matters against the Governments of Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania, and that the three Governments have made no satisfactory refutation of these accusations;

5. Invites Members of the United Nations, and in particular those which are parties to the Treaties of Peace with Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania, to submit to the Secretary-General all evidence which they now hold or which may become available in future in relation to this question;

6. Likewise invites the Secretary-General to notify the Members of the United Nations of any information he may receive in connexion with this question.

I. RELATIONS OF MEMBERS OF THE
UNITED NATIONS AND OF SPE-
CIALIZED AGENCIES WITH SPAIN

[This resolution revokes the recommendation for the withdrawal of ambassadors and ministers from Madrid, contained in General Assembly resolution 39 (I) of December 12, 1946, and the recommendation intended to debar Spain from membership in international agencies established by or brought into relationship with the United Nations. It was adopted by a vote of 38 to 10, with 12 abstentions, on November 4, 1950.]

The General Assembly,

CONSIDERING that:

The General Assembly, during the second part of its first session in 1946. adopted several recommendations concerning Spain, one of which provided that Spain be debarred from membership in international agencies established by or brought into relationship with the United Nations, and another that Member States withdraw their Ambassadors and Ministers from Madrid,

The establishment of diplomatic relations and the exchange of Ambassadors and Ministers with a Government does not imply any judgment upon the domestic policy of that Government,

The specialized agencies of the United Nations are technical and largely nonpolitical in character and have been established in order to benefit the peoples of all nations, and that, therefore, they should be free to decide for themselves whether the participation of Spain in their activities is desirable in the interest of their work,

Resolves:

1. To revoke the recommendation for the withdrawal of Ambassadors and Ministers from Madrid, contained in General Assembly resolution 39 (I) of 12 December 1946;

2. To revoke the recommendation intended to debar Spain from membership in international agencies established by or brought into relationship with the United Nations, which recommendation is a part of the same resolution adopted by the General Assembly in 1946 concerning relations of Members of the United Nations with Spain.

J. PEACE THROUGH DEEDS AND
OF PROPA-

CONDEMNATION

GANDA AGAINST PEACE

[The Assembly action taken in the two resolutions "Peace Through Deeds" and "Condemnation of Propaganda Against Peace" grew out of an item submitted by the U.S.S.R., with the title "Declaration on the Removal of the Threat of a New War and the Strengthening of Peace and Security Among the Nations." Following the rejection of various amendments proposed by the Soviet group, the Assembly on November 17, 1950, by a vote of 50 to 5, with 1 abstention, approved the resolution

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