BEING AWARE that the Economic and Social Council, in part E of the abovementioned resolution, recommended that the Secretary-General and the specialized agencies should provide, within their capacities, technical assistance to Governments, on their request, for the purpose of assisting under-developed countries in this respect, Recommends that the Secretary-General and the specialized agencies, taking into account the different institutional circumstances in the underdeveloped countries, prepare material which may serve to guide Governments wishing to make use thereof and which should set forth: (a) The types of data considered necessary to provide up-to-date information regarding the level of economic activity, employment, unemployment and under-employment; (b) Procedures and methods suitable for obtaining and presenting such data; (c) Other suggestions relating to the organization of adequate government machinery necessary for obtaining the said data. 4. Mechanization and Unemployment in Underdeveloped Countries The General Assembly, HAVING IN MIND that, at its fourth session, it expressed its belief that “action is needed to overcome unemployment and under-employment such as that arising. particularly in under-developed countries, among large numbers of people engaged in agricultural pursuits; and that, to this end, it is necessary, inter alia, to stimulate the economic development of under-developed countries", HAVING NOTED that the group of experts appointed by the Secretary-General under Economic and Social Council resolution 221 E (IX) of 11 August 1949 to report on national and international measures required to achieve and maintain full employment has expressed the view that, in the under-developed countries, a large part of the population could be diverted from agricultural occupations without any decrease in agricultural output, and that "the only remedy for this form of disguised unemployment is economic development, which constitutes the major economic problem of the world", BEARING IN MIND that the terms of reference of the Sub-Commission on Economic Development, whose functions now fall to the Economic, Employment and Development Commission, include "studying the effects of industrialization and changes of a technological order upon the world economic situation", COMMENDING the Economic and Social Council for the action it has initiated in paragraph 22 of resolution 290 (XI) of 15 August 1950 on full employment, by which the Secretary-General is requested to appoint a group of experts to prepare, in the light of the current world economic situation and of the requirements of economic development, a report on the national and international measures required to reduce unemployment and under-employment in under-developed countries, REALIZING that the mechanization of production essential for increased productivity may in many cases give rise to unemployment unless additional employment opportunities already exist or are simultaneously created in the economy as a whole, 1. Requests the Secretary-General to impress upon the group of experts to be appointed by him under paragraph 22 of Economic and Social Council resolution 290 (XI) the necessity of giving due consideration in the course of their work to (i) Ways and means of preventing any aggravation of the problems of unemployment and under-employment in under-developed countries that may occur as a result of the mechanization of production in certain branches of industry and agriculture; (ii) Measures of social security designed to ensure that there will be no interruption in the income of workers temporarily unemployed through mechanization or technological progress, taking into account the work of the International Labour Organisation in this field; 2. Requests the Secretary-General and the specialized agencies concerned, in facilitating the work of the above group of experts, to bear in mind the present resolution. P. CONTINUING NEEDS OF CHIL- FUND [In this resolution the Assembly reaffirms its approval of the policy of the Executive Board of the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund to devote more resources to development of programs outside Europe; expresses gratitude for generous contributions to the Fund and renews its appeal for further contributions; recommends to member states that they develop and improve national child-welfare services; and asks the Economic and Social Council to give greater emphasis to support of national programs to aid children within the framework of existing United Nations activities for development of underdeveloped areas and to explore the means of procuring and financing supplies incidental to such programs. The resolution provides that the Executive Board of the Fund shall be reconstituted; that the Board shall formulate policies, determine programs, and allocate resources for the purpose of meeting, through the provision of supplies, training, and advice, emergency and long-range needs of children and their continuing needs, particularly in underdeveloped countries, with a view to strengthening, wherever appropriate, permanent child-health and welfare programs of countries receiving assistance; and that the General Assembly will again consider the Fund's future after 3 years, with the object of continuing it on a permanent basis. This resolution was adopted on December 1, 1950; the United States abstained.] The General Assembly, HAVING CONSIDERED resolution 310 (XI) of the Economic and Social Council in the light of resolutions 57 (I) and 318 (IV) of the General Assembly, RECOGNIZING the necessity for continued action to relieve the sufferings of children, particularly in under-developed countries and countries that have been subjected to the devastation of war and to other calamities, 941458-51 -23 335 1. Reaffirms its approval of the policy of the Executive Board of the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund to devote a greater share of the Fund's resources to the development of programmes outside Europe; 2. Expresses again its gratitude to Governments and individuals for their generous contributions enabling the Fund to carry out its tasks; 3. Renews its appeal to Governments and private persons to continue their contributions to the Fund, and to the various official and private international organizations interested in child welfare to collaborate with the Fund in every possible way; 4. Recommends to Member States that they develop and improve their national child welfare services, providing, if possible, the necessary funds for that important purpose under their respective budgets; 5. Requests the Economic and Social Council, in consultation with the appropriate specialized agencies: (a) To give greater emphasis in support of national programmes designed to aid children within the framework of existing United Nations activities for promoting the economic and social development of under-developed areas; (b) To explore the means of procuring and financing supplies incidental to such programmes, especially those needed for demonstration purposes; 6. Decides: (a) That the Executive Board of the Fund shall be reconstituted as from 1 January 1951 to consist of the Governments of the States represented on the Social Commission and the Governments of eight other States, not necessarily Members of the United Nations, to be designated by the Economic and Social Council for appropriate terms, with due regard to geographical distribution and to the representation of the major contributing and recipient countries; (b) During the period of the Fund's existence, as provided in paragraph 6 (e), the Board, in accordance with such principles as may be laid down by the Economic and Social Council and its Social Commission, shall, with due regard to the urgency of the needs and available resources, formulate the policies, determine the programmes and allocate the resources of the Fund for the purpose of meeting, through the provision of supplies, training and advice, emergency and long-range needs of children and their continuing needs particularly in under-developed countries, with a view to strengthening, wherever this may be appropriate, the permanent child health and child welfare programmes of the countries receiving assistance; (c) That the Executive Board shall take all necessary steps to ensure close collaboration between the Administration of the Fund and the specialized agencies, pursuant to the agreements between the United Nations and the specialized agencies; (d) That the Administration of the Fund shall, as appropriate, obtain from inter-governmental and non-governmental organizations having a special interest in child and family welfare the advice and technical assistance which it may require for the implementation of its programmes; (e) That the General Assembly will again consider the future of the Fund at the expiration of three years, with the object of continuing the Fund on a permanent basis. Q. HUMAN RIGHTS [On December 4, 1950, the General Assembly adopted three resolutions concerning human rights. The principal resolution commends the Commission on Human Rights for its work and calls upon the Economic and Social Council to request the Commission to continue to give priority to completion of the draft Covenant in order that the Assembly may have the revised draft before it at its sixth session. It states that the list of rights in the first 18 articles of the Covenant does not contain certain elementary rights, that the wording of some of these articles should be improved, and that account should be taken of the principles and purposes of the United Nations Charter. Furthermore, it calls upon the Economic and Social Council to request the Commission to take into consideration in its revision of the Covenant (a) the views expressed during discussions at the fifth session of the Assembly and the eleventh session of the Council, including those relating to articles 13 and 14 and, with a view to the addition of other rights, those relating to rights set forth by the U. S. S. R. and Yugoslavia in specific documents, and (b) the view that it is desirable to define the rights and limitations thereto with the greatest possible precision. The resolution also calls upon the Economic and Social Council to request the Human Rights Commission to study a federal-state article and to prepare, for consideration at the Assembly's sixth session, recommendations having as their purpose the securing of the maximum extension of the Covenant to the constituent units of federal states and the meeting of constitutional problems of such states. The Commission is also asked to study ways and means to insure the right of peoples and nations to self-determination and to prepare recommendations for the sixth Assembly session. Another section of the resolution provides for inclusion in the covenant of economic, social, and cultural rights and an explicit recognition of equality of men and women in related rights; calls upon the Council to request the Commission to include in the Covenant a clear expression of economic, social, and cultural rights in a manner relating them to the civic and political freedoms proclaimed in the Covenant and to take steps to obtain cooperation of other United Nations organs and specialized agencies in consideration of such rights; and requests the Economic and Social Council to consider at its twelfth session the methods by which the specialized agencies might cooperate with the Commission on these rights. The resolution also calls upon the Council to ask the Commission to consider provisions to be inserted in the Covenant or in separate protocols for the receipt and examination of petitions from individuals and organizations on alleged Covenant violations and to report to the Council at its thirteenth session. The SecretaryGeneral is requested to invite member states to submit by February 15, 1951, their views on the draft Covenant as revised by the Commission at its sixth session. This resolution was adopted by a vote of 38 to 7, with 17 abstentions. The second resolution requests the Human Rights Commission to include in the Covenant an article providing that the Covenant shall be applicable equally to a signatory metropolitan state and to all the territories, be they non-self-governing, trust, or colonial, which are being administered or governed by such a state. resolution was adopted by 36 votes to 11, with 8 abstentions. This The final resolution invites all states and interested organizations to adopt December 10 as Human Rights Day and invites all states to report annually through the Secretary-General on the observance of this day. It was approved by 47 votes to 0, with 5 abstentions.] 1. Future Work of the Commission on Human Rights The General Assembly, APPRECIATING the priority which, in accordance with General Assembly reselution 217 (III), the Commission on Human Rights during its 1949 and 1950 sessions gave to the preparation of a draft International Covenant on Human Rights and measures for its implementation, NOTING the decision of the Economic and Social Council at its eleventh session to transmit the draft Covenant together with the relevant documentation and records of the discussion in the Council to the General Assembly at its fifth session for consideration with a view to reaching policy decisions on the points listed in Economic and Social Council resolution 303 (XI), CONSIDERING it essential that the Covenant should include provisions rendering it obligatory for States to promote the implementation of the human rights and fundamental freedoms proclaimed in the Covenant and to take the necessary steps, including legislation, to guarantee to everyone the real opportunity of enjoying those rights and freedoms, HAVING CONSIDERED the draft Covenant prepared by the Commission on Human Rights, particularly with reference to certain basic policies, A. 1. Commends the Commission on Human Rights for the important work it has thus far accomplished; 2. Calls upon the Economic and Social Council to request the Commission on Human Rights to continue to give priority in its work to the completion of the draft Covenant and measures for its implementation in order that the Genera! Assembly may have before it at its sixth session the revised draft of this Covenant; B. 3. Considers: (a) That the list of rights in the first eighteen articles of the draft Covenant does not contain certain of the most elementary rights; (b) That the present wording of some of the first eighteen articles of the draft Covenant should be improved in order to protect more effectively the rights to which they refer; (c) That in the drafting of the Covenant account should be taken of the Principles and Purposes of the Charter of the United Nations and that these Principles and Purposes should be consistently applied and assiduously protected; 4. Calls upon the Economic and Social Council to request the Commission on Human Rights to take into consideration in its work of revision of the draft Covenant: (i) The views expressed during the discussion of the draft Covenant at the fifth session of the General Assembly and at the eleventh session of the Economic and Social Council, including those relating to articles 13 and 14 of the draft Covenant and, with a view to the addition in the draft Covenant of other rights. those relating to the rights set forth by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in document A/C.3/L.96 and Yugoslavia in document A/C.3/L.92; (ii) The view, expressed during the discussion of the draft Covenant at the fifth session of the General Assembly and at the eleventh session of the Economic |