46-44 B.C. was accomplished over the ruins of Samnite and Etruscan nations, so the Mediterranean monarchy built itself on the ruins of countless states and tribes once living and vigorous; but it was a corruption out of which sprang a rich growth, part of which remains green to the present day. Caesar ruled as king of Rome for about five years and a half; the intervals of seven great campaigns, which altogether gave him but fifteen months in the capital, were all the time allowed him to regulate the destinies of the world. This very rapidity proves that the plan had long been meditated and its parts settled in detail. The outlines were laid down, the future alone. could complete the structure; and, indeed, Caesar was heard himself to say that he had lived long enough. BIBLIOGRAPHY SOURCES ONLY the more important sources and such as are easily accessible in English translation are here given. Appian.-Trans. by Horace White: "The Roman History of Appian of Alexandria." New York, 1899. 2 vols. Caesar. Trans. by W. A. McDevitte and W. G. Bohn: Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic and Civil Wars; with the Supplementary Books attributed to Histius, including the Alexandrian, African, and Spanish Wars"; with notes. New York, 1898. Cicero. Trans. by E. S. Shuckburgh: "The Letters of Cicero," the whole extant correspondence in chronological order. London, 1899-1900. vols. 66 4 Trans. by C. D. Yonge: "Select Orations of Cicero." New York. 4 vols. Dio, Cassius.-Trans. by H. B. Foster: Cassius Dio's Roman History." Troy, N. Y., 1905-1906. 4 vols. Livy. Trans. by D. Spillan: "The History of Rome by Titus Livius." New York, 1890. Plutarch.-Trans. by A. Stewart and G. Long: "Plutarch's Lives of Famous Greeks and Romans." New York, 1889. 4 vols. Polybius. Trans. by E. S. Shuckburgh: "The Histories of Polybius," from the Text of F. Hultsch. New York, 1889. 2 vols. Sallust.-Trans. by A. W. Pollard: "Sallust's Conspiracy of Catiline and the Jugurthine War." New York, 1882. GENERAL HISTORIES Duruy, V.-" History of Rome and the Roman People." Trans. by W. J. best popular histories. One of the How, W. W., and Leigh, H. D.-" A History of Rome to the Death of Caesar' London and New York, 1896. Interestingly written and scholarly. Ihne, W.-" History of Rome." London, 1882. 5 vols. Originally written in German, but the English version prepared by the author. Based on opposition to Mommsen's views. Less interesting but more judicial than the latter. Full evidence given on both sides of controverted questions. Mommsen, T.-" History of Rome." Trans. by W. P. Dickson. London, 1894. 4 vols. (4th ed. of English version.) Niebuhr, B. G.-"History of Rome." Trans. by J. C. Hare, C. Thirlwell, W. Smith, and L. Schmitz. London, 1859. 3 vols. The chief importance of this work is historiographic. It first appeared in Germany in 1812 and really began the modern study of Roman history. Many of Niebuhr's views have since been rejected. Pelham, H. F.-" Outlines of Roman History." 3d ed. London, 1900. The best single-volume work covering the whole period down to 476 A.D. The author's views are independent and authoritative. Shuckburgh, E. S.-" A History of Rome to the Battle of Actium." New York, 1894. A good one-volume work. PARTICULAR PERIODS Allcroft, A. H., and Mason, W. F.-"History of Rome." London. 4 periods: The Struggle for Empire (287-202 B. C.); Rome under the Oligarchs (202-133 B. C.); The Decline of the Oligarchy (133-78 B. C.); The Making of the Monarchy (78-31 B. C.). These small books give abundant details, but do not attempt to present a philosophical survey. Arnold, T.-"The Second Punic War: being Chapters in the History of Rome." Ed. by his grandson, W. T. Arnold. London, 1886. A republication of the 3d volume of Arnold's unfinished history, with full notes. It is probably the most spirited and interesting account of the Second Punic War in English. Church, A. J.—“The Story of Carthage." (Story of the Nations Series.) New York and London, 1886. A popular book, illustrated. Deals with religious and commercial, as well as with political history. Fustel de Coulanges.-" The Ancient City." Trans. by W. Smalls. Boston, 1877. A brilliant and suggestive study of the religion and institutions of Greece and Rome, but somewhat vitiated by untenable theories. Fowler, W. W.-" The City-State of the Greeks and Romans." New York, 1893. More sane, though less brilliant, than the work of Fustel de Coulanges. Greenidge, A. H. J.-" A History of Rome during the Later Republic and Early Principate to Vespasian." New York, 1905. The best work in English on the period. It is to be in 6 volumes, but only the first, from 133-104 B. C., has yet appeared. Holmes, T. R.-" Caesar's Conquest of Gaul." London, 1899. The first portion gives an able narrative of the Gallic campaigns; the second deals with the difficult questions of topography, institutions, etc., suggested by the text of Caesar's Commentaries. Ihne, W.-" Early Rome." (Epochs of Ancient History.) London, 1876. A small popular book on the history of the city down to its destruction by the Gauls. Long, G.-" Decline and Fall of the Roman Republic." London, 1864-1874. 5 vols. Covers the period from the end of the Punic Wars to the time of Augustus. Dry, but accurate. Merivale, C.-"The Fall of the Roman Republic." London, 1853. Covers the same ground as Long, but is briefer and more interesting. -"The Roman Triumvirates." (Epochs of Ancient History.) New York, 1878. -"History of the Romans under the Empire." London, 1850-1862. 7 vols. As this work begins with the death of Sulla the earlier volumes constitute a history of the fall of the Republic. Smith, R. B.-"Rome and Carthage: The Punic Wars." (Epochs of Ancient History.) London, 1881. An abridgment of the author's longer work on Carthage. |