Senator THURMOND. And do you feel it is essential that these instructors have better training and that more hard-hitting material and films be provided to these instructors to use in their instruction? Commander WADSWORTH. Yes, sir.

I think that also I should say that the instructors should be carefully selected. It is not every enlisted man or every officer, for that matter, who has the interest in ideas and people, as opposed to the interest in things, to make him a good instructor in this area, and it is something that people either possess or they do not possess, the affinity for the subject to become a good instructor in it.

Senator THURMOND. So we could add instructors to the requirements mentioned-instructors who are adept, and interested, and enthusiastic about the subject?

Commander WADSWORTH. Yes, sir.

WADSWORTH COMMENDED BY THURMOND

Senator THURMOND. I want to take this opportunity to commend you for the splendid testimony you have given here today and for your frankness in answering these questions. I realize that the answers you have given to some of these questions showing the lack of cold war training may jeopardize your career. We will be interested in knowing if any reprisals are taken against you; and, if they are, I wish you would notify this subcommittee.

I want to say further that, in our opinion, the answer to the troop information problem is not in building bigger staffs who can knit pick serious recommendations made in the field and then not even answer the correspondence.

If we could move some of these men out of their swivel chairs and into jobs like you hold, I think we would, before long, get going with a real cold war education program.

IMPORTANCE OF U.S. MILITARY IN COLD WAR EDUCATION

Now, this may be an unkind way of saying it.

On the other hand, this menace we face, communism, has as its goal domination of the world, and that includes the United States. We are the key country that stands between them and taking over the world.

Senator THURMOND. We are the only country that can stop the Communists, and it is important that our people in uniform and the American people generally understand the aims and designs of the Communists, the insidious nature in which they operate and the pattern of their programs.

Do you feel it is important that they be informed on those subjects? Commander WADSWORTH. Yes, sir.

Senator THURMOND. And do you feel that the military people can be of assistance to the public because of their knowledge of the enemy? Commander WADSWORTH. Yes, sir.

Senator THURMOND. Mr. Kendall?

WHETHER SUSPENSION OF GREAT LAKES SEMINARS WAS VOLUNTARY

Mr. KENDALL. Commander, I have one or two questions largely for clarification.

This is directed specifically at the seminar-type program conducted by Chief Fick and these other two petty officers. In a memorandum which we received from the Navy on this subject it was stated-and I am quoting

The commanding officer, Naval Training Center, Great Lakes, directed that Navy cooperation with the seminars be held in abeyance pending further guidance.

That is in accordance with your testimony; is it not?

Commander WADSWORTH. Would you repeat that, please?

Mr. KENDALL (reading):

The commanding officer, Naval Training Center, Great Lakes, directed that Navy cooperation with the seminars be held in abeyance pending further guidance

meaning further guidance from Department of Navy.

Commander WADSWORTH. My interpretation of that situation would be that the commanding officer of the Navy Training Center suggested that it would be prudent to suspend the seminars, but it may not be understood that at no time were the seminars considered as an official program put out from Great Lakes. They were always a private enterprise type thing with command consent.

In other words, they were supported but they were not officially supported.

Mr. KENDALL. With reference to this particular paragraph that I have read, I asked Admiral Smith whether or not it was a correct statement.

His reply was:

I thought it was when it was turned in, Mr. Kendall, but I was informed yesterday that these men voluntarily stopped because they wanted to insure that their presentations were in conformance with the Department of Defense policy.

The question I really have in mind is whether or not they stopped because of the action of the commanding officer in either directing them or requesting them that they stop, or whether it was entirely voluntary action on their part, as indicated by Admiral Smith?

Commander WADSWORTH. In light of the circumstances which brought about the Navy Training Center commander's suggestion, I am sure that the members of the seminar concurred completely with his suggestion, and, in light of all these things, they could only agree that it would be the prudent thing to do, so that, in that sense, it was voluntary; yes, sir.

Mr. KENDALL. You are saying that the commanding officer really volunteered for them, then, are you not?

Commander WADSWORTH. I think that he perhaps, since he was in possession of correspondence which they, themselves, were not in possession of, and had a broader perspective in relation to this whole thing, that when he apprised them of the further considerations which made up his own decision or which entered into his own decision, then they, themselves, could see the picture more clearly and totally agreed with him on this.

80752-62-pt. 5- 4

Mr. KENDALL. And, of course, the suggestion from the commanding officer of the Naval Training Center would carry a great deal of weight with petty officers, would it not? They would be apt to accept this as something more than a suggestion?

Commander WADSWORTH. I expect that-well, I would be as responsive to a suggestion as I would be to an order under normal circumstances.

Mr. KENDALL. That is all I have.
Thank you very much, Commander.

APPRAISAL OF PAMPHLETS ON COMMUNIST THREAT IN VIETNAM

Senator THURMOND. Commander Wadsworth, there are a couple of questions here that I overlooked.

I have a set of pamphlets entitled "A Threat to the Peace-North Vietnam's Effort to Conquer South Vietnam." This is a two-pamphlet set.

The second part of this set provides detailed information on Communist infiltration agents in South Vietnam.

Would you quickly look through that publication and tell us whether it would have been of help to you in Saigon, Commander?

Commander WADSWORTH. Yes, sir.

Senator THURMOND. Did you have any material like this when you were assigned in Vietnam?

Commander WADSWORTH. No, sir.

Senator THURMOND. Would these pamphlets be of help to you at Great Lakes?

Commander WADSWORTH. They would provide interesting background material incident to a training program. They would provide examples of how the Communists work, some of the clues to their identification, and so on.

I think they would be extremely interesting material and also beneficial material.

RECEIPT OF FILM "COMMUNIST TARGET-YOUTH" AT GREAT LAKES

Senator THURMOND. I forgot to ask you if you had received the film "Communist Target-Youth," AFIF-116?

Commander WADSWORTH. To the best of my knowledge, the Great Lakes area has not received such a film.

Senator THURMOND. Assistant Secretary of Defense Runge told us that it was distributed in February 1962, and I was just wondering if you had gotten it at Great Lakes, Commander.

Commander WADSWORTH. Unless it was distributed without any kind of an announcement. It might have reached the Training Aid Center, but I have no knowledge of it having reached the Center. Senator THURMOND. But if it has arrived, information about it has not been disseminated?

Commander WADSWORTH. That is correct.

Senator THURMOND. I wonder if you would let us know when it does arrive at Great Lakes?

Commander WADSWORTH. Yes, sir.

(The information requested is as follows:)

(a) Subject film was received by 9th Naval District Training Aids Center some time during the 2 weeks prior to my appearance before the subcommittee. (b) No notice of this fact has been disseminated by the Training Aids Center. (c) One print of subject film has been requested by the leadership school on permanent custody.

WHETHER SUSPENSION OF GREAT LAKES SEMINARS WAS VOLUNTARY

Senator THURMOND. Speaking about these men voluntarily discontinuing their work on these seminars, as I understood it, after this correspondence came from higher headquarters it was felt advisable that the seminars be discontinued.

If that information had not come down, the seminars would have continued, would they not, so far as you know.

Commander WADSWORTH. So far as I know; yes, sir.

Senator THURMOND. I want to thank you again very much for your testimony here.

Commander WADSWORTH. Thank you, Senator.

Senator THURMOND. You made a very fine witness and have been very helpful.

(Whereupon, at 1 p.m., the hearing was adjourned, to reconvene at 2:30 p.m., the same day).

AFTERNOON SESSION

Senator STENNIS. The subcommittee will please come to order. I really enjoyed this morning the testimony of Commander Wadsworth as one of those who works on these matters out where the problem is.

This afternoon we have Dr. Robert Eugene Beerstecher, chief civilian adviser to the Director of Warning and Threat Assessments, Office of the Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence, U.S. Air Force.

Doctor, in keeping with our custom here will you please stand and be sworn?

Do you solemnly swear that your testimony before this committee will be the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth, so help you God?

Dr. BEERSTECHER. I do, sir.

Senator STENNIS. All right. Have a seat. We are glad to have you here, sir. I don't believe you have had a chance to prepare a statement. Is that right, or do you have a prepared statement?

TESTIMONY OF ROBERT EUGENE BEERSTECHER, CHIEF CIVILIAN ADVISER TO THE DIRECTOR OF WARNING AND THREAT ASSESSMENTS, OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT CHIEF OF STAFF, INTELLIGENCE, U.S. AIR FORCE

Dr. BEERSTECHER. I do not have a statement, sir.

BEERSTECHER BIOGRAPHY

Senator STENNIS. The biographical sketch will be inserted, Mr. Reporter, at this point.

(The biographical sketch follows:)

BIOGRAPHY OF DR. ROBERT EUGENE BEERSTECHER, CHIEF CIVILIAN ADVISER TO THE DIRECTOR OF WARNING AND THREAT ASSESSMENTS, ASSISTANT CHIEF OF STAFF, INTELLIGENCE, U.S. AIR FORCE

Dr. Robert Eugene Beerstecher was born in Detroit, Mich., on December 30, 1921. He resides at 301 Crosswoods Drive, Falls Church, Va.

Dr. Beerstecher is the chief civilian adviser to the Director of Warning and Threat Assessments, Office of the Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence, U.S. Air Force. An air intelligence specialist, he worked for the Office of Naval Intelligence from October 1948 until his transfer to the Air Force in January 1958. During World War II, from September 1942 through August 1946, he served on active duty as an enlisted intelligence specialist in the U.S. Naval Reserve.

Dr. Beerstecher attended Wayne University, Detroit, Mich.; the University of Texas, Austin, Tex.; and the University of Lausanne in Switzerland. Majoring in the field of international relations, he received the degree of doctor of philosophy from Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., in June 1959. A Phi Beta Kappa, he is also a graduate of the National War College. Senator STENNIS. Mr. Kendall, do you have any questions? Mr. KENDALL. Not at this time, Mr. Chairman.

Senator STENNIS. Senator Thurmond, may we call on you now, please?

BEERSTECHER'S DEFINITION OF REVOLUTIONARY ANTIMILITARISM

Senator THURMOND. Dr. Beerstecher, it is a pleasure to have you here. Let me explain how we heard about you and your thorough knowledge of the cold war techniques of communism. Last fall Senator Dodd expressed an interest in your thesis entitled "Revolutionary Anti-Militarism in Communist Theory and Practice." Senator Dodd asked for this document.

He and his staff studied the thesis because of the unusual perception and depth of understanding of the Communist subtleties and broad range of subversion used against an opposing force. The comments on your thesis have been most favorable.

Some of my staff members actually believe that your thesis is the foundation for new and unconventional strategy in the cold war. I want to pass this on to you.

Dr. BEERSTECHER. Thank you, sir.

Senator THURMOND. Dr. Beerstecher, I am particularly pleased that you are here before this subcommittee. Your knowledge is the field of Communist operations against armed forces of non-Communist countries, so clearly evidenced by your dissertation "Revolutionary Anti-Militarism in Communist Theory and Practice" can be of great value to us in our efforts to determine what measures are necessary and what priority must be given to such measures, if we are to adequately counter Communist cold war operations against our own Armed Forces. In the preface to your dissertation you state:

For more than half a century, revolutionary antimilitarism has been, and continues to be, the foundation of Soviet strategy for achieving world domination. You also state that the Soviets define antimilitarism as "a mass international movement of struggle against the politics of militarism and imperialist wars.

I believe that is at page 526. Would you either translate this definition or give us one in your own words so that we may all clearly understand what kind of operations by the Communists we are talking about?