I have in mind sharpening up my instructions to, say, our District Intelligence officer so we can be sure that he understands what services he should be offering to the Information and Education officer to help him in his job.

Other places where we can make information available that may be classified but that should still be used by the instructor as background and get something of the classified nature to the people. Those are merely two of the things I would like to offer.

But it has been quite helpful to me to read all the testimony and take a continuing hard look at operations in the Office of Naval Intelligence.

SUBCOMMITTEE

HEARINGS HELPFUL ΤΟ ADMIRAL LOWRANCE

Senator THURMOND. You feel these hearings have been helpful, Admiral?

Admiral LowRANCE. They have been very helpful to me; yes, sir.

DISCUSSION ON NAVAL INTELLIGENCE RESERVE NEWSLETTER

Senator THURMOND. Admiral, I am pleased to have the opportunity of discussing with you the programs of your office, especially those which tend to support the information and education and leadership programs.

I want to take this opportunity to compliment the Navy Intelligence for encouraging within limits the unclassified distribution of intelligence such as is contained in Intelligence Reserve Newsletters, especially those of the 3d Naval District in New York City.

Admiral LowRANCE. May I comment on that just 1 minute?
Senator THURMOND. Yes.

Admiral LOWRANCE. We have not been able to declassify as much as we would like. However, as you know, these people take the classified information, use it as background, and are able to put together what I consider an excellent newsletter up there without actually declassifying too much.

But that does give them the background so that they can work very effectively in this field.

We have, as you know, a very aggressive group in New York that are vitally interested in this subject.

Mr. KENDALL. Admiral, I wonder if I might ask you to speak up just a little bit. I am having a little difficulty in hearing the Admiral. I do not know whether it is me or you.

Senator THURMOND. Would you want to come around here?

Mr. KENDALL. No, this would be fine.

Senator THURMOND. Mr. Kendall says he cannot hear you.

Admiral LowRANCE. Right, I will speak louder.

Senator THURMOND. Mr. Kendall, do you have some questions? Mr. KENDALL. I have a few, but I will be glad to defer. Senator THURMOND. Go ahead.

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE INFORMATION SERVICES IN THE COLD WAR FIELD

Mr. KENDALL. Admiral, aside from the regular or scheduled briefings or conferences which you mentioned in your prepared statement,

are your intelligence services provided on an on-request basis, or does Naval Intelligence take the initiative in informing naval personnel of significant developments in the cold war field?

Admiral LowRANCE. It is ordinarily on request, but when we see something that we think can be ground into the cold war thing, we bring it forward ourselves.

Mr. KENDALL. And how do you get this information disseminated to the field?

Admiral LowRANCE. We have regular dissemination, yes, sir.
Mr. KENDALL. Does it go through the channel from you to-

Admiral LowRANCE. To our district intelligence officers and to commands concerned.

Mr. KENDALL. It does not go through the BuPers?

Admiral LOWRANCE. It goes directly from us, depending on the

content.

Some of it would probably go direct to BuPers, depending on the content of the information that we are putting out.

NAVY USE OF MATERIAL FROM CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES

Mr. KENDALL. How much are you restricted in disseminating information? You mentioned the problem. How much are you restricted by the necessity for security classification in communicating the dangers of communism and the cold war?

Admiral LoWRANCE. I do not think that hinders us too much because there is so much good literature available out of these congressional committees which we use a great deal. For instance, when I first came into Naval Intelligence, I read this Communist factbook, which is an excellent presentation. That is good background material. There is a lot of factual information in there.

We bought 18,000 copies in the Navy, as you probably know, from Captain Gallagher's testimony or Admiral Heyward's testimony. We made very wide use of that.

DISTRIBUTION AND USE OF NAVAL INTELLIGENCE INFORMATION

Mr. KENDALL. But the information that you yourself developed? Admiral LowRANCE. That is normally classified. That is sent out to our commands and to our district intelligence officers.

That gets wide distribution. It is classified, however.

Mr. KENDALL. And, therefore, it cannot be used directly?

Admiral LOWRANCE. It cannot be used directly, but it can be used as background material, so you can certainly go ahead and put something together the same as they have up there in the Third Naval District on this.

Mr. KENDALL. And this is something that you said that you were going to make a change in, to make this classified material

Admiral LowRANCE. I said I would try to declassify more than we had been declassifying.

Mr. KENDALL. Also, did I not understand correctly that you were considering making the classified information available to the actual instructors as background material for them?

Admiral LoWRANCE. That is made available to them.

Mr. KENDALL. That is being done now?
Admiral LowRANCE. Yes, sir.

Mr. KENDALL. How long has that been done?

Admiral LOWRANCE. The officer instructor, it has always been made available to him.

ACTIVITY OF FRONT ORGANIZATIONS AROUND NAVAL INSTALLATIONS

Mr. KENDALL. Is there any evidence, Admiral, that there are front organizations or subversive organizations that are active within the continental United States in and around naval establishments?

Admiral LOWRANCE. To answer your question, we do have front organizations around there, and it is only natural that that would be one of the good targets.

Mr. KENDALL. There is evidence, then, that they are active, and active in the field of making attempts to influence or subvert the troops?

Of course I do not want you to get into anything classified, you understand.

Admiral LOWRANCE. Yes, I think we have some evidence that you could relate it to that; yes.

Mr. KENDALL. Do you have any unclassified information you could give on that, examples of it or instances of it?

Admiral LowRANCE. I do not believe I have; no,

sir.

CIRCULATION OF ANTI-AMERICAN LITERATURE NEAR NAVAL

INSTALLATIONS

Mr. KENDALL. What about the circulation of anti-American literature at or near naval installations? Has this been a problem or practice?

Admiral LOWRANCE. I think you will see a good deal of that around our submarine bases. We try to keep on top of that and warn the people.

Mr. KENDALL. I assume, however, that this problem of subversive activities or infiltration or attempted infiltration at or near installations is more prevalent overseas than within the continental United States; is that correct?

Admiral LowRANCE. Yes, sir.

As you remember, that is one reason that we brief our fleet ballistic missile crews before they go overseas, to be sure that we cover that with them.

ROLE OF NAVAL INTELLIGENCE IN REVIEW OF INFORMATION MATERIALS

Mr. KENDALL. Naval Intelligence, as I understand it, does not have any specific or assigned role in reviewing or clearing troop information materials unless they are requested to do it, is this right? Admiral LOWRANCE. Yes, sir, that is correct.

We work in very close cooperation with them, though. For instance, when BuPers set up the leadership course, we spent many hours, my people spent many hours with the BuPers people getting material ready for them to help them screen.

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE NOT CONSULTED ON ACTION REGARDING
"OPERATION ABOLITION"

Mr. KENDALL. For example, did naval intelligence have any part in evaluating "Operation Abolition" before the time that it was put on an oncall basis by the Department of Defense?

Admiral LowRANCE. To the best of my knowledge, no, sir.

Mr. KENDALL. In other words, as far as you

Admiral LowRANCE. As you know, that is in the library now on an oncall basis.

Mr. KENDALL. Yes, sir.

Admiral LowRANCE. I have seen the film myself.

Mr. KENDALL. And you were not asked for any comments or concurrence on the purchase of the film originally or upon its withdrawal from the training program?

Admiral LowRANCE. To the best of my knowledge, we were not. I would like to refer that to Commander Hardenburg to be sure. that is correct.

Commander HARDENBURG. No, sir, we were not, Admiral.

EVALUATION OF "OPERATION ABOLITION"

Mr. KENDALL. Since you have said you have seen the film, would you give us your evaluation of it, Admiral?

Admiral LowRANCE. I think it is a good film.

Mr. KENDALL. Commander Hardenburg, would you like to comment on that, give us your evaluation of it?

Commander HARDENBURG. Yes, sir, Mr. Kendall.

At the time this incident occurred, I was on duty in San Francisco, and had an opportunity to see some of the events building up and leading up to the incident, and from what I have seen with my own eyes and what I have seen through the eyes of the camera in "Operation Abolition," I would say it is an accurate portrayal of the events as they developed.

I would not care to remark on the commentary as it was run on the tape, the edition thereof, and a great many other things, but, as far as the visual sequence of events, I think it is certainly an accurate account and well worth seeing.

Mr. KENDALL. Do you think it is a film that could very well be used in the troop training program

Commander HARDENBURG. I do, sir.

Mr. KENDALL. I believe that you have already stated that the Navy was not consulted or naval intelligence was not consulted before the withdrawal of this film?

Commander HARDENBURG. Yes, sir.

Mr. KENDALL. The placing of it on an oncall basis.

ROLE OF NAVAL INTELLIGENCE IN SEMINAR PROGRAM

Does naval intelligence have any specific or assigned function in the seminar program?

Admiral LOWRANCE. We have a responsibility in seminars, when they are being held, command writes us and asks us-they tell us who

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will attend, who their speakers will be, and we furnish services on that; yes, sir.

I do consider that that is part of my job.

Mr. KENDALL. Again, that is on an as-requested basis?

Admiral LOWRANCE. Yes, sir.

Mr. KENDALL. Not as a regularly assigned function.

WHETHER FULL USE IS MADE OF NAVAL INTELLIGENCE SERVICES

Based upon your experience, Admiral, do you believe that the local commanders generally are making full use of the services which are available from naval intelligence?

Admiral LOWRANCE. That is a continuing problem to be sure that they are. As I said in my statement, I hope that I can sharpen up my instructions to my people in the field so that better use, more efficient use, will be made of their intelligence assets.

There is always room for improvement in anything like that. A great deal depends on the individual commander, how much interest he takes in each individual program.

Mr. KENDALL. What particular measures are you taking or have you taken to insure that your services will be utilized to the fullest extent?

Admiral LowRANCE. As I say, I will have to clarify, make more specific, my instructions, which I am in the process of doing now, to be sure that they understand how they can serve command better in this field.

INVESTIGATION OF CIVILIAN ACTIVITIES AROUND NAVAL BASES

Mr. KENDALL. As I understand it, naval intelligence has no responsibility for the investigation of civilian activities around the base; is this correct?

Admiral LowRANCE. Yes, that is the function of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

Mr. KENDALL. And that is under the delimitations agreement, this responsibility?

Admiral LowRANCE. As you are probably familiar, the delimitations agreement is an unclassified agreement, except for one classified portion, and that sets up the investigative responsibility of the three services and the FBI in the fields of subversion, sabotage, and espionage.

Mr. KENDALL. So if you have any information or knowledge or suspicion that there was a Communist-front organization operating, say, around Great Lakes, your reaction would be to notify

Admiral LowRANCE. I would pass the information on to the FBI; yes, sir.

Mr. KENDALL. And request that they make the investigation; is this right?

Admiral LowRANCE. Yes, sir.

INVESTIGATION OF CIVILIAN ACTIVITY AROUND OVERSEA BASES

Mr. KENDALL. What about off base overseas, is that your responsibility?