Mr. ROLAND PALMEDO,
New York, N.Y.

BANKERS TRUST Co., New York, N.Y., September 2, 1959.

DEAR MR. PALMEDO: In Mr. Moore's absence from the bank, your letter to him has been turned over to me.

As you surmised, there was certainly no malice aforethought in the use of this illustration. In fact, it was selected from several possibilities by a group of responsible people, who, I can assure you, have no interest in promoting Communist propaganda. Their choice of this particular picture was based only on its graphic portrayal of the tools used to rebuild America's homes. None of them noticed, in the arrangement of the tools, any resemblance to the typical symbol of communism.

However, some of the many people who have viewed this artwork since then have, like you, been able to see a hammer and sickle in it. As a consequence, we have discontinued the advertisement.

We certainly appreciate your interest in writing us. We are always glad to receive the comments of customers like yourself.

Sincerely yours,

Assistant Vice President

BROOKLYN, N.Y. August 11, 1959.

COMMANDING GENERAL,

First U.S. Army, Fort Jay, N.Y.

(Attn: G-2 section).

GENTLEMEN: Around 6 weeks ago we (members of the 306th Special Services Company, 30 West 44th Street, N.Y.) had a lecture given by one of your officers. His topic was "Espionage and Subversive Activities."

One of the examples of subversive activities was the use of Communist symbols in advertising. I would like to bring the enclosed folders to your attention. These folders were sent out by a highly respected institution in the banking field, the Bankers Trust Co. This design has also been used as a poster.

After inquiring with other persons about the design I phoned the bank today. I spoke to Mr. MacPherson of the public relations department of Bankers Trust Co. Mr. MacPherson showed complete surprise when I mentioned the matter to him. Besides that, he was one of the many individuals who was involved in the designing of this folder. What also struck me was that I was the only one to bring this to their attention. These posters have been in the subway cars for almost three weeks.

Your speaker impressed upon us the fact that anytime something like this design showed up we should notify the G-2 section. Perhaps the design is legitimate. Nevertheless the hammer, outlines of the world and the sickle make it suspect. I trust you can make use of this information.

Very truly yours,

M. Sgt. ALBERT J. BERUBE.

SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING SCHEDULE

Senator STENNIS. Tomorrow we will have Lt. Col. John A. Carlin, Lieutenant Turner, and Major Burns.

Anything else today gentlemen?

Senator THURMOND. That is all.

As I understand, for Thursday you have got four, General Carroll, General Thorin, Captain Cunha, General Heintges.

Senator STENNIS. That is right.

We will take a recess until tomorrow at 10 o'clock.

(Whereupon, at 4:50 p.m., the subcommittee recessed, to reconvene at 10 a.m., Wednesday, April 18, 1962.)

The special subcommittee met, pursuant to recess, at 10 a.m., in room 224, Old Senate Office Building.

Present: Senators Stennis (Chairman), and Thurmond.

Also present: Powell Pierpoint, general counsel, Department of the Army.

Special subcommittee staff: James T. Kendall, chief counsel.

CHAIRMAN'S OPENING STATEMENT

Senator STENNIS (presiding). The subcommittee will please come to order.

We will start now with our witnesses for Wednesday, having very fortunately completed our roster of witnesses for yesterday, due to the fine cooperation of all.

We will start in the regular order, which is the general plan of the subcommittee, to take these witnesses in the order that they were arranged several days ago.

The next witness will be Lt. Col. John A. Carlin. All right, sir, come around, and before you sit down, will you be sworn, please? Do you solemnly swear that your testimony before this subcommittee will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you God?

Chaplain CARLIN. I do.

Senator STENNIS. Your name was turned in to me as a lieutenant. I believe you are a lieutenant colonel.

TESTIMONY OF CHAPLAIN (LT. COL.) JOHN A. CARLIN, USAF CHAPLAIN WRITERS BOARD, AIR UNIVERSITY, MAXWELL AIR FORCE BASE, ALA.

Chaplain CARLIN. Lieutenant colonel, sir.

Senator STENNIS. I am sorry for the error. We will make those corrections.

I wish we could check again these names that I have here, gentlemen, to see that they are correct.

2167

CARLIN BIOGRAPHY

We have a biographical sketch of Colonel Carlin which the reporter will put in the record at this place.

(The biographical sketch referred to is as follows:)

BIOGRAPHY OF CHAPLAIN (LT. COL.) JOHN A. CARLIN, USAF CHAPLAIN WRITERS BOARD, AIR UNIVERSITY, MAXWELL AIR FORCE BASE, ALABAMA

Chaplain John A. Carlin is at present Chief of the USAF Chaplain Writers Board positioned at Air University, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama. This board researches and prepares all materials for the USAF Moral Leadership Program as outlined in AFR 50-31. The materials, issued each quarter to all base commanders, training officers and chaplains in the Air Force, consist of: model lectures, newspaper articles, a training film script and other materials. Chaplain Carlin has been in service for eighteen years, serving with Army and Air Force Units. His overseas assignments have included tours in the Philippine Islands, Okinawa, Saudi Arabia and Alaska.

At present, in addition to his board duties, he serves as a guest lecturer at the War College, Squadron Officers School, Academic Instructors and Allied Officers School, and the Chaplain School.

Born in New York City in 1913, Chaplain Carlin was graduated from Cathedral College in 1935 and was ordained to the Catholic priesthood by Cardinal Spellman in 1939. He has served continuously as an Armed Forces chaplain since 1944.

Senator STENNIS. Colonel, do you have a prepared statement? Chaplain CARLIN. No, sir.

Senator STENNIS. All right, it is not necessary.

Mr. Kendall, do you have some questions for the colonel?

AIR FORCE MORAL LEADERSHIP PROGRAM

Mr. KENDALL. Yes, sir, Mr. Chairman.

Colonel Carlin, I understand that you hold a position of responsibilty in connection with the Air Force moral leadership program. Chaplain CARLIN. Yes, sir.

Mr. KENDALL. Generally, what is that program?

Senator STENNIS. Excuse me just a minute.

Colonel Carlin is Chaplain John A. Carlin, and at present he is Chief of the U.S. Air Force Chaplain Writers Board, Air University, Maxwell Air Force Base, Ala.

Chaplain CARLIN. The question, sir?

Mr. KENDALL. Briefly, would you explain what the moral leadership program of the Air Force is?

Chaplain CARLIN. Yes, sir.

The moral leadership program is part of the entire leadership process or program in the U.S. Air Force.

I think if we cited from the Air Force Regulation 50-31, we will get a rather succinct meaning of the program, and I cite paragraph 1:

Moral leadership training is designed to instill a positive philosophy of American ideals into the men and women of the Air Force against formidable threats to our Nation. This philosophy is of paramount importance for the security of the United States and for the preservation of a dynamic Air Force. This philosophy is :

(1) Epitomized in the ethics of the moral law.

(2) Embedded in the Declaration of Independence.
(3) Enshrined in the Constitution of the United States.
(4) Affirmed in the military oaths of officers and airmen.

(5) Esteemed in the ancient and honorable profession of arms.

The regulation goes on to read:

The Air Force needs the finest leadership our country can produce. Regardless, of the meteoric advances in technology, man is still the essential ingredient for successful operations and mission accomplishment. To this end the Air Force must train its personnel for strength of character, technical and professional competence, and for duty with honor and integrity.

In other words, in the entire leadership picture moral leadership is not relegated to a corner but is expected to permeate the entire leadership concept of the U.S. Air Force training program.

Mr. KENDALL. Was this program instituted because there was some question about the state of morale or the morals of the Air Force personnel?

Chaplain CARLIN. No, sir.

This is a long-term training program which formerly was called the character guidance program. However, in 1961, in February, it was removed from the regulations that encompassed the work of the chaplain exclusively and moved into the training field. It was felt that leaving it strictly in the chaplain's area, it might be regarded as relegated to a corner.

And so in moving it into the training program, it became, as it was under the character guidance program, but more forcibly, a command responsibility.

Therefore, the chaplain in this capacity simply acts as an adviser or as a helper to the commander in furthering the normal leadership program.

Mr. KENDALL. And what staff section heads this up?

Chaplain CARLIN. At the present time the whole program would be under AFPTR, Air Force Personnel Training, under the training regulation, but the office of primary interest is AFPCH, or Air Force Personnel Chaplain's Office.

We are considered to be the office of primary importance and that is my position here today.

Mr. KENDALL. Was there a moral leadership program, or something comparable to it, prior to the Korean war?

Chaplain CARLIN. Oh, yes, sir.

I can give you a background on the program as it has developed. In the wake of World War II, when the Doolittle committee, I believe it was, met, and as a result of that and principally because of the universal military training program, it was considered that a program in character guidance should be put into the Armed Forces. I was in the Army at that time and the Air Corps was part of the Army, and the new concept came in, in 1946.

General Devine was in charge of the UMT program at Fort Knox in Kentucky, and he asked that the chaplains prepare a series of training sessions on character and morality. This program was brought into the Air Force in 1947, when we became a separate unit, and the character guidance program as such has been a part of the formal training since 1946.

CARLIN OVERSEAS SERVICE

Mr. KENDALL. I believe that you served overseas?
Chaplain CARLIN. Yes, sir.

Mr. KENDALL. Particularly in the Pacific area?

Chaplain CARLIN. Yes, sir, I have had two tours in the Pacific. Mr. KENDALL. And you have firsthand knowledge of the state of the morals and the morale of the Air Force during and before the Korean war?

Chaplain CARLIN. Yes, sir, I believe so.

REASON FOR MORAL LEADERSHIP PROGRAM

Mr. KENDALL. Why was the moral leadership program instituted? What is the basic reason for it, Chaplain?

Chaplain CARLIN. The basic reason in the leadership pattern or program, as we call it, was to have a program which would assist our men in the field in making right decisions, to increase performance, to overcome defeatist attitudes, to give the individual a sense of worth, to develop good personal habits, and to increase self-discipline.

This was the primary set of reasons behind the whole character guidance program, which is simply a prior name for the moral leadership program.

AUTHORITY OF COMMANDING OFFICER IN MORAL LEADERSHIP PROGRAM

Mr. KENDALL. Does this program, with certain primary responsibility under the chaplains, conflict with the local commander's control of the material that might be used in trcop information or moral leadership?

Chaplain CARLIN. No, sir. This is specifically spelled out in the regulation. I will cite paragraph 5(b), of Air Force Regulation 50-31:

Headquarters USAF, AFPCH 2—

that is the Air Force Personnel Chaplain, Professional Division— will evaluate and approve the materials to be used in this training program. NOTE.-Commanders may prescribe other pertinent lectures instead of the prescribed materials, if it is pertinent in local situations.

In other words, the commander has a prerogative in using this material, or in other situations to emphasize other aspects of moral leadership.

Mr. KENDALL. Is it his prerogative to implement it or supplement it, or does he have control over the program? Can he conduct the program himself or direct how it is conducted?

Chaplain CARLIN. He can conduct it himself. He may delegate this responsibility to any one of the people under his command, whether they be commissioned or noncommissioned people. This is spelled out in the regulation.

CARLIN ARTICLE, "COMMUNISM AND YOU," IN AIRMAN MAGAZINE

Mr. KENDALL. I understand, Chaplain, that you have written on some occasions for the Airman magazine, is this right?

Chaplain CARLIN. Yes, sir.

Mr. KENDALL. Tell us what subjects that you have written on in the last few years.

Chaplain CARLIN. Well, thus far, I have had just one article printed in the Airman in the September 1961 edition. The article was "Communism and You."