tor.

Execu

Entered on first day of term on 21 days' prior notice. Jurisdiction shall have, for labor done or materials, machinery, or fixtures furof Courts.-Justice's, $100; Common Pleas, unlimited. Limita- nished, a lien upon such building, erection, or improvement, and tions.-Open accounts, 6 yrs.; written contracts, 6 yrs.; sealed, 20 upon land belonging to owner on which same is situated, to secure yrs.; judgments of record, 20 yrs. Preferences under Assign- payment for labor done or materials, machinery, or fixtures furment.-Not allowed. Rights of Dower.-A married woman may nished. Exemption Laws.-The householder is entitled to a homeown real and personal property in her own name and separate use, stead consisting of not more than 160 acres of land, and buildings whether acquired before or during marriage, and such property is in thereon, and personal property not to exceed $1,500. Arrest for no case liable for the debts of the husband. She may control, sell, Debt.-Issues against non-resident, absconding, or concealed debtor, encumber, or bequeath her separate estate in the same manner as if and for fraudulent disposition of property. Attachment.-Issues unmarried. When action concerns her separate estate, she may sue against non-resident, absconding debtor, and for fraud. and be sued alone. Judgments may be entered against her sepa- tions and Stays.-On justice's judgment, 30 to 90 days. Exemprately and execution be levied upon her separate property. If she die tions.-One acre of land in town, 116 in country, and buildings. intestate it will descend in the same manner as provided for the Personal property $1,500, selected by debtor, and other minor exproperty of the husband. Probate of Wills.-Three or more wit-emptions. Grace on Sight Drafts.-Allowed. Insolvency nesses are necessary, who must sign in presence of the testator and Law.-None. Judgments without Defense.-Entered in 4 days of each other. The will must be in writing and signed by the testa- in justice's courts; 30 days in others. Limitations.-Open accounts, Insolvencies and Assignments.-Assignments without 6 yrs.: written contracts, 6 yrs.; sealed, 20 yrs.; judgments of record, preference allowed and regulated by statute. Insolvent may be re- 20 yrs. Preferences under Assignment.-Allowed. Insolvenleased from prison on making general assignment, and is also re- cies and Assignments.-Assignments without preferences allowed, leased from the claims of all creditors who accept a dividend out of but void against any creditor not assenting thereto if they tend to the estate so assigned by him. Drummer's Tax.-No State law. coerce creditor to release his claim, or provide for payment of fraudPower is vested in cities to impose a municipal tax, and in the fol- ulent claim, or confer any power upon assignee which may delay the lowing it is exacted: Beaufort, $5 to $30 per year, but no more conversion of assigned property, or exempt assignee from liability for than $10 is ever imposed: Charleston, $20 per week; Columbia, neglect of duty. Attachments.-When defendant is non-resident, $1 per day or $50 per year; Georgetown, $5 per day. No license absconds, or conceals or conveys property in fraud of creditors. is required in Aiken, Greenville, or Newberry. Business Li- Drummer's Tax.-None. Business Licenses.-Licenses are recenses.-Licenses necessary for all businesses and trades and pro- quired to sell, vend, or retail, either at public sale or auction, any fessions carried on in the State are issued by the Comptroller Gen- goods, wares, or merchandise. They are granted for 1 yr. by county eral of the State, the Board of County Commissioners, and the assess- commissioner; fee from $10 to $100. Places of Record of ors of municipal governments. Places of Record of Deeds and Deeds and Mortgages in each County.-Deeds, mortgages, etc., Mortgages in each County.-Deeds, mortgages, chattel mort-recorded and chattel mortgages filed at the office of register of deeds. gages, judgments, mechanics' and other liens recorded at county seats. Judgments and mechanics' liens at office of clerk of District Court. COUNTY SEATS. COUNTIES. COUNTY SEATS. COUNTIES. COUNTY SEATS. ...Conway Aurora.... Plankinton Lawrence.. Camden Beadle.. Bon Homme. Boreman Brookings. Brown Brule. Buffalo.. Butte. Campbell. Charles Mix. .COLUMBIA Choteau... Spartanburg Clark.

COUNTIES.

COUNTY SEATS. COUNTIES.

Abbeville.........Abbeville C. H. Horry.
..Aiken Kershaw

Aiken...

Anderson..........Anderson C. H. Lancaster..
.Barnwell C. H. Laurens..
..Beaufort Lexington...

Barnwell.

Beaufort

Berkeley. ......Mount Pleasant Marion..

Charleston

Chesterfield.....Chesterfield C. H. Oconee.

.Lancaster C. H.
..Laurens C. H.
.Lexington C. H.

Marion C. H.
.Bennettsville
Newberry C. H.
Walhalla

Pickens C. H.

Chester

Charleston Marlborough
..Chester Newberry.

Clarendon

Colleton...

Manning Orangeburg.
Walterborough Pickens...

Orangeburg C. H.

Darlington.... .Darlington C. H. Richland.

Edgefield

Fairfield..

Edgefield C. H. Spartanburg...
Winnsborough Sumter...

Florence..

Union...

.....Union Codington.

Georgetown.

..Georgetown Williamsburg........

Greenville.

.Greenville York..

Hampton..

..Hampton C. H.

Kingstree Custer..

Yorkville Davison.

SOUTH DAKOTA.-Legal Rate of Interest.-Seven per cent. Penalty for Usury.-Forfeiture of excessive interest. Game Laws.-Quails, prairie chickens, grouse, plover, snipe, and curlews protected against sale, trade, or traffic from Jan. 1-Sept. 1. Chattel Mortgages.-A mortgage of personal property can be created, renewed, or extended only by writing, subscribed by mortgageor. A mortgage of personal property is void as against creditors of mortgageor and subsequent purchasers and incumbrances of property in good faith and for value, unless filed by depositing original or an authenticated copy with register of deeds of county where property mortgaged, or any part of it, is situated. Mortgage must be renewed every 3 yrs., must be signed by mortgageor in presence of two persons, who must sign same as witnesses thereto, and no further proof or acknowledgment is required. Rights of Dower.-A married woman may own in her own right real or personal property acquired by descent, gift, or purchase, and may manage, sell, convey, and devise same, as if she were unmarried. She may make contracts, incur liabilities, buy and sell goods, give notes and other obligations, sue and be sued, as if unmarried. Husband or wife may enter into any engagement or transaction with the other or with any other person which either might enter into if unmarried. Earnings of wife are not liable for debts of husband. Wife may dispose of her separate estate by will. Probate of Wills.-Every will other than a nuncupative will must be in writing, and every will other than a nuncupative will and an olographic will must be subscribed by testator, or by some person in his presence and by his direction; subscription must be made in presence of two attesting witnesses, or be acknowledged by testator to have been made by him or by his authority; testator must, at time of subscribing or acknowledging, declare to attesting witnesses that instrument is his will. An olographic will must be entirely written, dated, and signed by hand of testator. It is subject to no form and need not be witnessed. Wills are recorded in office of probate judge. Recording of Deeds.-Deeds must be in writing, duly signed by the maker, and recorded with the register of deeds of county in which property affected thereby is situated. Proof or acknowledgment may be made before a justice, clerk of Supreme Court, or notary public, or may be made in judicial district, county, subdivision, or city for which officer was elected or appointed, before either a judge or clerk of a court of record, a mayor of a city, a register of deeds, or a justice of the peace. Mechanics' Lien.-No person is entitled to a mechanic's lien who takes collateral security on same contract. Every mechanic or other person who shall do any labor upon or furnish any materials, machinery, or fixtures for any building, erection, or other improvements upon land, including those engaged in the construction or repair of any work of internal improvement by virtue of any contract with owner, his agent, trustee, contractor, or subcontractor, upon complying with the provisions of this chapter,

Day.
Delano..

Deuel.
Dewey.
Douglas..
Edmunds.
Ewing.
Fall River..

Faulk
Grant.
Gregory
Hamlin.
Hand.
Hanson
Harding
Hughes.
Hutchinson.
Hyde
Jackson.
Jerauld.
Kingsbury.
Lake...

TENNESSEE.-Mechanics' Lien.-All who furnish work or materials to aid in the construction or repair of any building or buildings shall have a lien on the same for 1 yr. after the work is done, provided notice of said lien be given to the owner or his agent at the time said work is begun or materials furnished. Any debt incurred for repairing, fitting, building. navigating, or furnishing steam or keel boats shall be a lien on such vessels if suit be commenced within 3 months from the time the debt is incurred. Legal Rate of Interest.-Six per cent. Penalty for Usury.-Forfeiture of excessive interest. Game Laws.-All game birds, such as grouse, quails, woodcocks, larks, snipe, partridges, pheasants, plover, ducks, wild turkeys, protected in different counties at different times. All insectivorous and song-birds, and eggs and nests, are protected. Special laws for various counties. Chattel Mortgages.-A mortgage must be proved and registered in the county where the mortgageor resides. Recording Deeds.-Deeds must be in writing, signed and acknowledged by the grantor or before two attesting witnesses, and recorded in the county where the land lies. Acknowledgments may be made in the State, other States, and foreign countries. Seals have been abolished. In this State the wife has no dower in land granted in fee by the husband, and it is not necessary for her to join in the deed. If a trust deed is given, then the wife must relinquish dower by joining in the deed. In a separate estate belonging to the wife, the husband must always join her in the deed. Exemption Laws.-The following property is exempt from garnishment, execution, or attachment Thirty dollars of the wages of mechanics or other laboring men in the hands of heads of families; 2 beds, bedsteads, and necessary clothing for each and for each three children of one family: 1 additional bed, bedstead, and clothing, the value of such bedsteads in no case to exceed $25; 2 cows and calves, and. if the family consist of more than 6 persons, 3 cows and calves, etc.; 2 horses or 2 mules, or 1 horse and 1 mule,

and 1 yoke of oxen; 1 wagon or cart, etc., not to exceed in value $75; | clerk in the county where the property is situated, and have the same
25 lbs, corn, 20 bushels wheat, 50 bundles oats, etc.; 100 lbs. pork or recorded in a book kept for that purpose. If the contract, order, or
600 lbs. bacon; a homestead carpet, manufactured by the wife for agreement be verbal, a duplicate copy of a bill of particulars must be
family use; 6 cords wood, or 100 bushels coal; 1 sewing-machine, if made under oath, one to be filed and recorded as provided for writ-
used for livelihood, etc.; in the hands of mechanic who is engaged in ten contracts, the other to be served on the party owing the debt.
the pursuit of his trade, 1 set of mechanic's tools; a homestead in When the contractor's account is filed or recorded it must be accom-
the possession of each of the heads of the family, and the improve- panied by a description of the property against which the lien is
ments thereupon, to the value of, in all, $1,000. Persons who claimed. This fixes the lien from the day it is filed. All actions
are not the heads of families are not entitled to the benefit of ex- must be brought within 1 yr. Legal Rate of Interest.-Eight
emption. Arrest for Debt.-Not allowed. Attachment.-Issues per cent.; may contract for 12 per cent. Penalty for Usury.-
against non-resident, absconding, and concealed debtor, and for Forfeiture of all interest. Game Laws.-Deer protected from Jan.
fraud. Executions and Stays.-Execution issues in Justice's 20-Aug. 1. Penalty, $25 to $50. Prairie chickens, pinnated grouse,
Court 2 entire days after judgment; Circuit Court, when term closes, March 1-Aug. 1; quails, partridges, March 1-Sept. 1; wild turkeys,
(30 days;) justice's judgment may be stayed 8 months. Judgments May 15-Sept. 1. Penalty, $25. Insectivorous and song-birds pro-
without Defense.-Entered in Justice's Court, 1 to 3 weeks; Cir- tected. Penalty, $5 to $15. No law for game in many counties.
cuit, during term, on notice 5 days prior to term. Jurisdiction of Chattel Mortgages.-A chattel mortgage is valid here between two
Courts.-Justice's, original, $50; Appellate, $500; on notes, $1,000; parties thereto, but void as against creditors and bona fide purchasers
Circuit Court, over $50; County Court, under $50. Limitations.- without notice, unless filled in clerk's office in county where mort-
Open accounts, 6 yrs.; written accounts, 6 yrs.; sealed, 10 yrs.; judg-gageor resides. Recording Deeds.-Deed must be in writing.
ments of record, 10 yrs. Preferences under Assignment.-Not signed, and acknowledged. If not acknowledged, it must be proved
allowed. Rights of Dower.-A married woman may hold real or by two attesting witnesses, and must be recorded in the county
personal property to her sole and separate use. She may manage and where the land lies. Acknowledgments may be made in the State,
convey the same, her husband joining with her. A note or any other other States, and foreign countries, as in New York. Exemption
obligation made by a married woman will not bind her separate Laws.-To every citizen, householder, and head of family, not to
estate, unless it was executed with the express intention to bind the exceed 200 acres of land of one or more parents, (not included in a
same, or unless it was given for necessaries for herself or minor chil- city, town, or village,) or any city, town, or village lot or lots not to
dren. She may dispose of her separate estate by will. She is entitled exceed $5,000 in value at time of their designation as a homestead, and
to dower and homestead, $1,000. Probate of Wills.-Wills must without reference to value of any improvements thereon. Also, all
be subscribed by the testator, or some one for him, in his presence household and kitchen furniture, lots in a burial place, all implements
and by his direction, and attested and subscribed in his presence by of husbandry, all tools and apparatus and books belonging to any
at least two witnesses. Olographic wills found among the testator's trade or profession, family portraits and pictures, and all books be-
valuable papers, or deposited for safe-keeping, are allowed, if the longing to private or public libraries; 5 milch cows and calves, 2 yoke
handwriting is proved by three witnesses. Insolvencies and As- of work oxen, with yokes and chains; 2 horses and 1 wagon, 1 car-
signments.-Assignments without preference allowed and regulated riage or buggy, 1 gun, 20 hogs, 20 head of sheep, all provisions and
by a recent statute, Act of April 2, 1881. Drummer's Tax.-A li- forage on hand for home consumption, all saddles, bridles, and har-
cense tax is imposed in Nashville as follows: One hundred dollars per ness necessary for the use of the family. Arrest for Debt.-Not al-
annum for the privilege of exhibiting any samples in the city of lowed. Attachment.-Issues against non-resident, absconding, and
Nashville to merchants living and doing business outside of the cor- concealed debtors, and for fraud. Executions and Stays.-Execu-
porate limits of said city, for the purpose of effecting sales of any tion issues in District Court 20 days after judgment; County Court,
kind to such merchants. No license is required for selling to mer- 15 days; Justice's, 11 days; justice's judgment may be stayed 90 days.
chants within the city limits. The penalty for non-observance of the Judgments without Defense.--Entered at first term in Justice's
law is a tax of $50 and costs for each offense. In Memphis a tax of and County Courts; in District Court may be postponed one or two
$10 per week or $25 per month is exacted. A State tax of $10 is im- periods. Jurisdiction of Courts.-Justice's, $200; County, $200
posed in each county on persons selling to customers. Each county to $500, or to $1,000, concurrent with District, which is over $500,
can impose a tax not exceeding the State tax. No license tax im- Limitations.-Open accounts, 2 yrs.; written contracts, 4 yrs.
posed on travelers selling to the trade only. Business Licenses.- Preferences under Assignment.-Not allowed. Rights of
Licenses, both in State and corporation, are necessary for almost Dower.-A married woman may hold real and personal property to
every vocation, except on property raised or manufactured in the her separate use, whether acquired before or after marriage. The
State; on such, no tax is imposed. Places of Record of Deeds marriage of a female minor gives her all the rights she would have
and Mortgages in each County.-Deeds, mortgages, chattel mort- if of age. She may bind herself by note, draft, or indorsement, when
gages, judgments, mechanics' and other liens recorded at county seats. for necessaries for herself or family or for her separate estate. All
COUNTIES.
COUNTY SEATS. COUNTIES.
COUNTY SEATS. property acquired during marriage is common property, and the
Anderson.
.. Clinton Lake
Tiptonville husband alone may dispose of it during coverture. If there are no
..Shelbyville Lauderdale.
Ripley children, the whole of the personalty and half of the realty will go
..Camden Lawrence
Lawrenceburg
Pikeville Lewis...
.Newburg
to the survivor; otherwise, one third. The husband must join the
Maryville Lincoln..
.Fayetteville wife in the conveyance of her separate estate. The wife must join
Cleveland Loudon...
....Loudon in a conveyance of homestead. Common property is liable for all
..Jacksborough McMinn
...Athens
...Purdy
debts contracted during coverture. She may make a will. She can-
.La Fayette not contract as a partner in business, nor embark her separate means
Jackson in trade. Probate of Wills.-Testator must be of age and sound
Jasper
..Lewisburg mind, and the will must be signed by testator, or for him (or her) in
...Columbia his presence and by his direction, and if not wholly written by him-
Decatur self (or herself) shall be attested by two or more credible witnesses
Clarksville above the age of 14 yrs. subscribing their names in testator's pres-
...Lynchburg ence. Insolvencies and Assignments.--Debtor may assign, with-
Wartburg
out preference, for the benefit of such creditors only as will assent to
..Troy
Livingston accept their proportional share, and to his discharge. Drummer's
.. Linden Tax.-There shall be levied and collected from every commercial
Byrdstown
traveler, drummer, salesman, or solicitor of trade, by sample or
Cookeville otherwise, an occupation tax of $35, payable in advance; provided
Washington that the tax herein required to be paid by such commercial traveler,
..Kingston drummer, salesman, or solicitor shall be paid to the comptroller of
..Springfield
Murfreesborough public accounts, whose receipts, under seal, shall be evidence of the
..Huntsville payment of such tax; and provided further that no county, city, or
..Dunlap town shall levy or collect any occupation tax upon such commercial

Bedford.

Benton..

Bledsoe..

Blount

Bradley Campbell. Cannon.. Carroll.. Carter.. Cheatham. Chester

Claiborne.

Clay
Cocke.
Coffee...
Crockett..

Cumberland..

Davidson..

Decatur.
De Kalb..
Dickson.
Dyer.
Fayette
Fentress.
Franklin

Gibson..

Giles

Grainger
Greene.

Grundy

Hamblen..

Hamilton

Hancock.

Hardeman

Woodbury McNairy.
..Huntingdon Macon....
Elizabethton Madison
.Ashland City Marion

Henderson Marshall..
Tazewell Maury
..Celina Meigs
Newport Monroe
..Manchester Montgomery
Alamo Moore...
Crossville Morgan
NASHVILLE Obion

Decaturville Overton.
....Smithville Perry
...Charlotte Pickett
.Dyersburg Polk..
..Somerville Putnam
Jamestown Rhea.
Winchester Roane..

Trenton Robertson..
..Pulaski Rutherford.
Rutledge Scott.
Greeneville Sequatchie..
Altamont Sevier..
Morristown Shelby
.Chattanooga Smith

.Sneedville Stewart..
Bolivar Sullivan
.Savannah Sumner..
.Rogersville Tipton

Hardin..

Hawkins..

Haywood.

Brownsville Trousdale..

Henderson

.Lexington Unicoi

Henry..

Hickman...

..Centerville Van Buren

Houston

.Paris Union.

Erin Warren

Waverly Washington

Gainesborough Wayne.

.Madisonville

Benton

.Sevierville

.Blountville

Memphis traveler, drummer, salesman, or solicitor; provided that nothing
...Carthage herein contained shall apply to any one soliciting subscriptions for
..Dover religious, literary, or historical books or maps, or to persons solicit-
....Gallatin ing for nurseries, newspapers, or gravestones; provided further
..Covington that every commercial traveler, drummer, salesman, or solicitor of
.Hartsville trade shall, on demand of the tax collector of any county of the State
Erwin
Maynardville or an officer of said county, exhibit to such officer the comptroller's
Spencer receipt above mentioned, and every commercial traveler, drummer,
McMinnville
salesman, or solicitor of trade who shall fail to pay or refuse to ex-
Jonesborough
Waynesborough hibit such receipt to such officer on demand by him shall be deemed
..Dresden guilty of a misdemeanor, and fined in a sum not less than $25 nor
Sparta more than $100. Business Licenses.--Imposed by State, counties,
.Franklin
..Lebanon and municipalities in the case of certain occupations. Places of
Record of Deeds and Mortgages in each County.-Deeds,
TEXAS.-Mechanics' Lien.-All who may labor, furnish ma- mortgages, chattel mortgages, judgments, mechanics' and other
terial, machinery, fixtures, and tools to erect any house, or make any liens recorded at county seats.
improvements whatever, shall have a lien on the building, fixtures,
COUNTIES.
or improvement, and also on the lot or lots of land necessarily con- Anderson..
Andrews....
nected therewith, to secure payment for labor done, material, and
Angelina...
Axtures furnished. Such person or firm shall, within 4 months after
Aransas...
Buch debt becomes due, file his contract in the office of the county | Archer...

Jefferson.. -Johnson... Knox...

..Ooltewah Weakley.
Dandridge White

.Mountain City Williamson..
Knoxville Wilson....

.Benjamin

.Cotulla

COUNTY SEATS. itation or restriction by reason of coverture. Probate of Wills.-
A will must be in writing, subscribed by the testator and attested by
Kerrville
Junction City at least two witnesses in the presence of the testator, and of each
..Brackettville other. All wills executed according to the law of the State or coun
try where made will be admitted to probate here. Married woman
....Paris may make will as if femme sole. Mechanics' Lien.-Any person
who performs any labor upon or furnishes materials for the construc
Lampasas tion or repairs of any building or other improvement, may have a
Hallettsville llen therefor on such building or improvement and on the right pos
...Giddings session of the ground on which the same is situate, by filling in the
..Centerville
recorder's office at any time within 3 months after the labor is per-
Liberty
Groesbeck formed or material is furnished, or after the completion of such
building or improvement, a notice of intention to hold such lien,
stating amount and description of the property and its location,
Lien expires 1 yr. after the completion of the building unless suit bo
brought. Recording of Deeds.-Deeds must be written, signed,
Brady sealed, (a scroll is sufficient,) and attested by one credible witness,
Waco
Tilden and acknowledged and proved. A deed must be recorded in the re-
Madisonville corder's office in the proper county. A married woman may convey
Jefferson her estate as if femme sole.

Oakville
.Llano

..Marienfeld

Exemption Laws.-Home worth ..Mason $1,000 and personal property. To wife $500, and to each additional Matagorda member of the family $250. To the head of the family is allowed Eagle Pass a homestead not exceeding in value $1,000, to be selected by the ..Castroville Menardville debtor, and personal property to the value of $700 or more, accordMidland ing to the value of the articles exempt by statute; aside from the. Cameron homestead each member of the family is allowed $250. No property Goldthwaite Colorado shall be exempt from sale on a judgment received on its price, on a ...Montague mechanics' lien, or a mortgage thereon. Arrest for Debt.-Issues Montgomery against absconding or fraudulent debtor. Attachment.-Issues Daingerfield against non-resident, absconding, and concealed debtor, and for fraud. Executions and Stays.-Execution issues immediately; Nacogdoches court may grant a stay for a limited time. Limitations.-Open ac.Corsicana Newton counts, 2 yrs.; written contracts, 4 yrs.; sealed, 5 yrs.; judgments of Sweet Water record, 5 yrs. Preferences under Assignment.-Allowed. In. Corpus Christi solvencles and Assignments.-No law as to insolvency. Places of Record of Deeds and Mortgages in each County.-Deeds, mortgages, chattel mortgages, judgments, mechanics' and other liens recorded at county seats.

Tascosa
Orange
Palo Pinto
Carthage
Weatherford

Fort Stockton
Livingston

Marfa
.Emory

Emery

.Clarksville

..Pecos
Refugio

Franklin
Rockwall
Runnels
.Henderson

..Hemphill
San Augustine
..Cold Spring

Fairfield San Augustine.
Pearsall San Jacinto..
San Patricio..........San
.....Galveston San Saba..

Schleicher..

Shackelford

Fayette..

Fisher..

Floyd.

Fort Bend

Franklin..

Freestone

Frio.

Gaines.

Galveston..

Garza

Gillespie..

Fredericksburg Scurry

Glasscock.

Goliad Shelby..
.Gonzales Sherman...
Smith

Sherman Somervell.
..Longview Starr..
.Anderson Stephens...
.Seguin Stonewall
Swisher..
Tarrant..

Hamilton Taylor.

Terry.

Margaret Throckmorton...

Hardin Titus.

.Houston Tom Green..

Marshall Travis..

Trinity.

Haskell Tyler

..San Marcos Upshur

Uvalde.

Athens Val Verde..
Hidalgo Van Zandt.

Hillsborough Victoria

Walker..

Granbury Waller

Sulphur Springs Washington.
.Crockett Webb..

Big Spring Wharton...
Greenville Wheeler...
Wichita...

Jacksborough Wilbarger..
..Edna Williamson
..Jasper Wilson
Winkler.

.Beaumont Wise..

Cleburne Wood.

.Anson Yoakum

..Helena Young.. Kaufman Zapata ...Boerne Zavalla..

VERMONT.-Mechanics' Lien.-Material men and laborers have a lien for labor and material in building, repairing, fitting, or furnishing any vessel until 8 months after the vessel is completed. Persons cutting or drawing logs have lien for wages, and it must be enforced by attachment 60 days after wages due. Material men and Snyder laborers also have a lien upon a building and the lot upon which it .Albany stands for erecting and repairing the building. The lien continues in Center force 3 months after the payment becomes due, but does not attach until the person claiming it has filed and caused to be recorded in the town clerk's office a written memorandum by him signed, asserting such claim. Legal Rate of Interest.-Six per cent. Penalty for Usury.-Excessive interest may be recovered. Game Laws.Woodcocks, Feb. 1-Aug. 15; quails, wood ducks, and ruffed grouse, Feb. 1-Sept. 1, and the use of dogs in hunting ruffed grouse and partridges forbidden, (except on one's own land;) wild geese or ducks, Throckmorton May 1-Sept. 1; nests and eggs protected; insectivorous birds, (ex..Mount Pleasant cept English sparrows and woodpeckers,) nests, and eggs protected. .San Angelo AUSTIN Penalty, $10. Deer protected under penalty of $50 till Nov. 1, 1890; .Groveston minks, beavers, fishers, and otters, April 1-Nov. 1. Chattel MortWoodville gages.-Chattel mortgages are allowed without change of possession, ...Gilmer Uvalde provided that the mortgage be recorded in the office of the county ..Del Rio clerk of the city or town where the mortgageor resides, or, if nonCanton resident, where the property is. To it must be attached the affidavit Victoria Huntsville of the mortgageor and mortgagee that it is made to secure the debt, Hempstead and only for that purpose, and that said debt is just and due, and .Brenham owing. Recording of Deeds.-Deeds must be written, sealed, (a Wharton scroll is insufficient,) and signed in the presence of two or more Mobeetle attesting witnesses, acknowledged and recorded in the county Wichita Falls where the property is situated. Acknowledgments may be made Vernon .Georgetown before a justice, town clerk, master in chancery, county clerk, .Floresville notary public, or judge or register of probate. Out of State, same as in New York. Exemption Laws.-Homestead to the value .Decatur Quitman of $500 and products, such suitable apparel, bedding, tools, arms, and articles of furniture as may be necessary for upholding life; 1 sewing-machine, kept for use; 1 cow to value of $100; the best swine, or meat of 1 swine; 10 sheep, value $100, and 1 yr.'s product of said sheep in wool, yarn, or cloth; forage sufficient for keeping not exceeding 10 sheep and 1 cow through 1 winter: 10 cords of firewood or 5 tons of coal, 20 bushels of potatoes, such milltary arms or accouterments as debtor is required by law to furnish; all growing crops, 10 bushels of grain, 1 barrel of flour, 3 swarms of bees and hives, together with their produce in honey: 200 lbs. of sugar, and all lettered grave-stones; the Bibles and other books used in a family; 1 pew or slip in a meeting-house or place of religious worship; live poultry not exceeding in amount or value $10; the professional books and instruments of a physician, and the profes sional books of clergymen and attorneys at law, to the value of

Laredo

Graham ...Carrizo ..Batesville

UTAH.-Legal Rate of Interest.-Ten per cent. Penalty for Usury.-None. Game Laws.-Elks, antelopes, and mountain sheep protected. Chattel Mortgages.-This territory has no statutes concerning chattel mortgages. To make a mortgage on chattels of any avail it must be accompanied by their delivery to the mortgagee, who must keep them in his possession as in places of pledge. Rights of Dower.-All property owned by either husband or wife before marriage, and that acquired afterward by gift, bequest, devise, or descent is the separate property of each, and may be held, managed, controlled, transferred, and disposed of without lim

$200; 1 yoke of oxen or steers, as the debtor may select, with
sufficient forage for the keeping of the same through the winter;
or in lieu thereof, 2 horses kept and used for team work, not to
exceed in value $200, with sufficient forage for keeping the same;
also pistols, side-arms, and equipments personally used by any
soldier of the U. S., and kept by him or his heirs as mementoes.
Arrest for Debt.-Issues against defendant about to abscond and
has secreted property worth $20. Attachment.-May issue in all
cases. Executions and Stays.-Execution issues immediately; no
stay. Judgments without Defense.-Entered on notes at first
term; on accounts, at second. Jurisdiction of Courts.-Justice's,
$200; County, over $200. Limitations.-Open accounts, 6 yrs.;
written contracts, 6 yrs.; sealed, 8 yrs.; judgments of record, 8 yrs.
Preferences under Assignments.-Regulated by statute. Rights
of Dower.-A married woman may hold personal property, whether
acquired before or after marriage, for her sole and separate use.
Probate of Wills.-A will must be in writing, signed by the testa-
tor, or for him in his presence and by his express direction, and at-
tested and subscribed by three or more credible witnesses in the
presence of the testator and of each other. Insolvencies and As-
signments.-Insolvent law of 1876 modeled on the U. S. bankrupt
law. Drummer's Tax.-None. Business Licenses.-No State
law. Places of Record of Deeds and Mortgages in each
County.-Deeds, mortgages of real estate, chattel mortgages, and
mechanics' liens recorded in office of town clerk; judgments filed
at county clerk's office.
COUNTIES.
Addison....

Bennington..

Caledonia..
Chittenden..

Essex....

Franklin.
Grand Isle..

COUNTY SEATS. COUNTIES.

{

Middlebury Lamoille.
Bennington Orange
Manchester Orleans...

.Saint Johnsbury Rutland..

.. Burlington Washington..
..Guildhall Windham..
.Saint Albans Windsor...
.North Herol

COUNTY SEATS.
.Hyde Park

.Chelsea

ment in jail for 1 yr. Business Licenses.-Licenses are required to sell or offer for sale any description of goods. Issued by commissioner of revenue of some county or municipality; good anywhere in State for 1 yr.; are not transferable. Tax for sample merchant, $250. Penalty for violation, $200 for first offense, and $500 for each succeeding offense. Sales must be made to manufacturers or licensed merchants; if to others, an additional license of merchants must be taken out. All businesses, trades, and professions are taxed. Places of Record of Deeds and Mortgages in each County.-Deeds, mortgages, chattel mortgages, judgments, mechanics' and other liens recorded at county seats.

Irasburg Craig.

. Rutland Culpeper..

.Smithville Page.

.Chesterfield Patrick.

Berryville Pittsylvania..

.New Castle Powhatan...

..Culpeper Prince Edward...

.Madison C. H.
..Mathews C. H.

..Boydton
Saluda

Christiansburg

.Suffolk
Lovingston

New Kent C. H.
.Portsmouth

Eastville
Heathsville
Nottoway C. H.
Orange C. H.

Luray

Stuart Chatham

..Powhatan C. H.

Farmville

MONTPELIER Cumberland....Cumberland C. H. Prince George Prince George C.H.

Essex..
Fairfax.
Fauquier..
Floyd.
Fluvanna
Franklin..
Frederick.
Giles..
Gloucester.
Goochland..

Grayson..
Greene..
Greensville.
Halifax...
Hanover..
Henrico...
Henry.
Highland.

.Fairfax C. H. Richmond..

.Warrenton Roanoke.

.Floyd C. H. Rockbridge

Palmyra Rockingham..

Rocky Mount Russell..
Winchester Scott...
.Pearisburg Shenandoah..

.Gloucester C. H. Smyth..

.Goochland C. H. Southampton

..Warsaw

..Salem .Lexington Harrisonburg

..Lebanon Estillville Woodstock

.Marion

Courtland

Independence Spottsylvania .Spottsylvania C. H.

.Stanardsville Stafford..

Emporia Surry..

Halifax C. H. Sussex.

Hanor C. H. Tazewell..
RICHMOND Warren..
Martinsle Warwick..
Montere Washington...
Isle of Wight..Isle of Wight C. H. Westmoreland..
James City.
Williamsburg Wie.
York..

C. H.

King and Queen..King and Queen Wythe
King George...King George C. H.

Stafford C. H.

Surry C. H. Sussex C. H. ..Tazewell C. H. ...Front Royal Warwick C. H.

Abingdon .Montrose Wise C. H. Wytheville Yorktown

VIRGINIA.-Mechanics' Lien.-All artisans, builders, mechanics, lumber-dealers, and others performing labor or furnishing material for the construction, repair, or improvement of any building or other property are allowed a lien upon the property for the work done and materials furnished. It must be enforced by suit within 6 months from the time lien is secured. Legal Rate of Interest.Six per cent. Penalty for Usury.-Forfeiture of entire interest. Game Laws.-Protect west of Blue Ridge Mountain: Partridges or quails, Jan. 1-Oct. 15, (in some counties from Nov. 1-Feb. 1;) pheasants or wild turkeys, Feb. 1-Sept. 1; woodcocks, Feb. 1-July 1; robins, April 1-Nov. 1; deer, Jan. 1-Aug. 15; marsh-hens, in season, not later than June 20; wood, summer ducks, or sora can be shot at any time; wild water-fowl protected May 1-Sept. 1; eggs and nests protected; insectivorous and song birds protected. Chattel Mortgages. A chattel mortgage is unknown in this State, though its equivalent is found in deeds of trust or mortgage, by which personal property of any description may be conveyed; but possession should be given to the vendee in order to protect the property from the cred- WASHINGTON.-Legal Rate of Interest.-Ten per cent. itors of, and purchasers without notice from, the vendor; should be Penalty for Usury.-None. Game Laws.-Deer, elks, moose, registered when property acknowledged or proved by two witnesses. fawn, mountain sheep or goats, Jan. 1-Aug. 15; wild swan, ducks, Recording Deeds.-Deeds must be in writing, signed, sealed, (a teal, widgeon, spoonbill, redheads, etc., April 1-Aug. 1; grouse of all scroll is sufficient,) and acknowledged and recorded in county where kinds, Jan. 1-Aug. 1; trapping, netting, or snaring illegal; killing land lies, within 60 days from the date of acknowledgment. Ex- deer for their horns and hide illegal. Mechanics' Lien.-Every emption Laws.-In case of a husband, parent, or other person who person performing labor upon sawing logs, spars, timber, or lumber is the head of a family, the law exempts from distress or levy divers has a lien thereon for his wages. A person claiming the benefit of enumerated articles of household and personal use, furniture, bed- such lien must file a notice of lien for record in the office of the ding, etc., ranging in value from $50 to $300, according to the county auditor within 30 days from the time the work is completed. condition and size of the family. Besides the foregoing, every Every building, together with the interest of the owner in the land family, householder, or head of a family is entitled to a homestead on which it is erected, wharf, bridge, railway, or other work of exemption of $2,000, to be set apart out of any property which internal improvement, shall be liable for the payment of any labor he may select. Arrest for Debt.-None, but issues against debtor performed or material furnished in its construction or repairs. In about to abscond. Attachment.-Issues against non-resident cases of insolvency, wages of laborers, servants, mechanics, and debtor, and for fraudulently disposing of property. Executions others, to the amount of $100 each, and all moneys earned therein and Stays.-Executions issue 15 days after beginning of term, or within 60 days previously are preferred claims. A farm laborer when court adjourns; stay on appeal. Judgments without De- engaged in tilling the soil and raising crops has a lien on the crops fense.-Entered in Justice's Court after 1 day's notice. In other for the payment of his wages. The lien must be filed and enforced courts, after the expiration of 2 rule days. (Rule days, first Monday as in other cases. Rights of Dower.-A married woman may sue, in each month.) Jurisdiction of Courts.-Justice's, $100; Cir- and be sued, without joining her husband, when the action concerns cuit, over $100. Limitations.-Open accounts, 2 yrs.; written her separate property. All property, both real and personal, owned contracts, 5 yrs.; sealed, 20 yrs.; judgments of record, 20 yrs. by a wife before marriage, and that acquired afterward by gift, Assignment Laws-None. Rights of Dower.-A married woman devise, or descent, is her separate property. Property thus acquired may hold real and personal property to her separate use, and is not by the husband constitutes his separate property. All property liable for the debts of the husband. She may make contracts in re- acquired during marriage, except by gift, devise, or descent, conlation thereto. She may sue and be sued, but her husband must join stitutes their common property. The husband has the management in all contracts in relation to her real estate acquired prior to May 1, and control of the community property, but cannot sell or convey 1888. She may engage in trade and carry on business for her own such property, or any interest therein, unless she joins in the conuse and benefit, and make contracts relating thereto. The widow is veyance, and acknowledges as in deeds to land. The separate propentitled to one third part of all the real estate owned by her husband erty of the wife is liable equally with her husband's for the debts during coverture, unless she has relinquished or barred the same. contracted by her for the support of herself and family. Probate Probate of Wills.-Wills should be in writing, and signed by the of Wills.-Every will shall be in writing, signed by the testator, or testator, or some one in his presence and by his express direction, in by some person in his presence and by his direction, and shall be such manner as to make it manifest that the name is intended as a attested by two or more competent witnesses, subscribing their signature; and, moreover, unless it be wholly written by the testa- names in the presence of the testator. A nuncupative will, when the tor, the signature shall be made or the will acknowledged by him in estate bequeathed exceeds $200 in value, must be proved by two the presence of at least two competent witnesses, present at the witnesses, who were present at the making thereof, and the testator same time; and such witnesses subscribe the will, in the presence of must have at the time bid some person witness that such was his the testator, but no form of attestation shall be necessary. Testator will, and such nuncupative will must have been made, at the time of must be 21 yrs. old. Preferences.-Allowed. Drummer's Tax.- his last sickness, and at his dwelling house, or where he had been State tax of $250 per annum, not transferable. Agents or travelers residing ten days or more, except where such person was taken sick (unless members of firm) are required to have power of attorney, from home and died before his return. This statute does not apply and for each additional salesman the fee is $50. Punishment for to soldiers and sailors. Chattel Mortgages.-A mortgage of perselling in violation of this act is $250 for each offense, and imprison-sonal property is void as against creditors of the mortgageor and

subsequent purchasers and incumbrancers for value, unless accom-
panied by the affidavit of mortgageor that it is made in good faith,
and without design to hinder, delay, or defraud creditors, and
acknowledged and recorded in like manner as real estate. Record-
ing of Deeds.-Deeds must be in writing, signed and sealed (a scroll
is a seal) by the maker thereof, witnessed by two witnesses. A married
woman shall not be bound by any deed affecting her own real estate,
unless she is joined in the conveyance by her husband, and shall upon
examination by the officer taking acknowledgment, separate and
apart from her husband, acknowledge that she executed the deed of
her own free will, without fear of or coercion by her husband. Ex-
emption Laws.-Home worth $1,000, and personal property. To
each householder being the head of a family a homestead worth $1,000,
while occupied by such family. All wearing apparel, private libra-
ries, family pictures, and keepsakes; to each householder, 1 bed and
bedding, with 1 additional bed and bedding for every 2 additional
members of the family, and other household goods of the coin value
of $250; 2 cows and their calves, 5 swine, 2 hives of bees, 25 domes-
tic fowls, and provision and fuel for 6 months; to a farmer, 1 span
of horses or mules and harness, or 2 yoke of oxen with yokes and
chain, 1 wagon, and farming utensils, not exceeding $200; to
attorneys and clergyman, their libraries, valued at not to exceed
$500, with office furniture and fuel, value $200; small boats and
fire-arms kept for use, not exceeding $50 in coin value; parties en-
gaged in lightering, 2 lighters and 1 small boat, valued at $250; the
team of a drayman. Arrest for Debt.-Issues against non-resi-
dent, and for fraud. Attachment.-Issues against non-resident,
absconding, and concealing debtor, for fraud, and fraudulent dis-
position of property. Limitations.-Open accounts, 3 yrs.; written
contracts, 6 yrs.; sealed, 6 yrs.; judgments of record, 6 yrs. Pref-
erences under Assignment.-Not allowed. Insolvencies and
Assignments.-Insolvent law, under which debtor may be dis-
charged, whose assets equal one third of debts, unless fraud or
preference is shown. Attachments.-Substantially as in Illinois.
Limit of Jurisdiction.-Justice of the peace, $300. Record of
Deeds and Mortgages in each County.-Deeds, mortgages,
chattel mortgages, judgments, mechanics' and other liens recorded
at county seats.

COUNTY SEATS.
....... Sprague
......Oakland

Oysterville

.Colville

she must join her husband in the execution of all deeds to the same.
Probate of Wills.-The testator must be 21 years of age, and of
sound mind. The will must be in writing, signed by the testator or
some one for him, in his presence and by his direction, and unless
olographic the signature must be made and the will acknowledged
in the presence of two competent witnesses, present at the same
time, and who subscribe the will in the presence of the testator and
of each other. Insolvencies and Assignments.-No insolvent
law. Assignments regulated by statute, preferences being allowed.
Drummer's Tax.-None. Business Licenses.-Licenses are re-
quired from hotel-keepers, liquor-dealers, bowling alleys, billiard
tables, public show, theatrical performance, hawkers, peddlers,
auctioneers or other brokers, bankers, or to sell patent-rights, unless
the person is a resident of the State, and has an established place of
business therein; are issued by assessors of taxes. Records of
Deeds and Mortgages in each County.-Deeds, mortgages,
chattel mortgages, judgments, mechanics' and other liens recorded
at county seats.
COUNTIES.
Barbour.
Berkeley.

Boone.
Braxton.
Brooke.

Cabell
Calhoun..
Clay.
Doddridge.
Fayette.
Gilmer..
Grant.
Greenbriar..
Hampshire.
Hancock.
Hardy..
Harrison..
Jackson..
Jefferson.
Kanawha
Lewis.
Lincoln..
Logan...

McDowell....
Marion...
Marshall..
Mason...

COUNTY SEATS. COUNTIES.
.Philippi Mercer...
Martinsburg Mineral.
.Madison Monongalia.
.Braxton C. H. Monroe..
Wellsburg Morgan..
Huntington Nicholas.
.Grantsville Ohio.

.Clay C. H. Pendleton..
West Union Pleasants..
.Fayetteville Pocahontas.
Glenville Preston...
.Petersburg Putnam.
Lewisburg Raleigh.
...Romney Randolph.
.Fairview Ritchie..
Moorefield Roane..
Clarksburg Summers..
..Jackson C. H. Taylor..
Charlestown Tucker..
..CHARLESTON Tyler

Weston Upshur..
Hamlin Wayne..

Logan C. H. Webster..
Peeryville Wetzel.
.Fairmont Wirt..
Moundsville Wood.
Point Pleasant Wyoming..

COUNTY SEATS.

Princeton
...... Keyser
Morgantown
Union

Berkeley Springs
Nicholas C. H.
Wheeling
Franklin
Saint Mary's
.Huntersville
Kingwood
... Winfield
Raleigh C. H.
Beverly
Ritchie C. H.

.Spencer
..Hinton
.Grafton
Saint George
Middlebourne
Buckhannon
Wayne C. H.
Addison

....New Martinsville

.Elizabeth .Parkersburg ......Oceana

WISCONSIN.-Mechanics' Lien.-All who perform labor or Tacoma furnish materials for the building or repairing of buildings have a Friday Harbor lien thereon for the same, which must be enforced by filing an action .Mount Vernon ..Cascades to foreclose in 1 yr. Legal Rate of Interest.-Seven per cent., .Snohomish but may contract in writing to 10 per cent. Penalty for Usury.Cheney Forfeiture of all interest. Game Laws.-Deer, Dec. 1-Oct. 1; no OLYMPIA netting or trapping of any game bird, or hounding of deer; woodCathlamet cocks, Dec. 1-Aug. 1; any kind of wild geese or brant, snipes, plovWalla Walla Whatcom ers, grouse, prairie chickens, ruffed grouse, quails, partridges, pheasColfax ants, and wild ducks, Dec. 15-Aug. 1; eggs of all above and of wild North Yakima pigeons and of insectivorous birds protected; otters, minks, martins, or fishers, May 1-Nov. 1; shoulder-guns only allowed for wild fowl; shooting from sneak-boats, blinds in open water outside the natural growth of grass, and then above water, forbidden; game protected from Nov. 1-Oct. 15; pigeon nestings protected to a radius of 3 miles from breeding place. Transportation without the State limits of all game named above forbidden. Numerous special laws. Chattel Mortgages.-A chattel mortgage is not valid as against third parties unless the property be delivered to the mortgagee and remain in his possession, or the mortgage be filed with the clerk of the town where the mortgageor resides, or where the property is situated, if the mortgageor is non-resident. Recording Deeds.-Deeds must be in writing, signed, sealed, (a scroll will answer,) and executed in the presence of at least two attesting witnesses, and recorded in the county where the property lies. Acknowledgments may be made in the State, in other States, and foreign countries, as named in N. Y. A married woman must join in the execution of a deed to her hus band's property to bar her dower. Exemption Laws.-A homestead, consisting of land not exceeding 40 acres used for farming purposes; or in lieu of the above, at the option of the debtor, a lot in any town or city not to exceed one fourth of an acre. The following personal property is exempt: (1) Family Bible; (2) pictures and school-books; (3) private library; (4) church pew; (5) all wearing apparel, usual household furniture not to exceed $200, gun or rifle not to exceed $50 in value; (6) 2 cows, 10 hogs, yoke of oxen, and horse or mule, or in lieu 1 yoke of oxen; 10 sheep and wool therefrom, and necessary food for said animals and debtor's family for 1 yr., wagon and other farming utensils not to exceed $50; (7) also all insurance money arising from the destruction of property exempt from execution; also the earnings of the past 60 days of persons who have families to support; (8) the tools and stock-in-trade of a mechanic or other person not to exceed $200; 11brary of any professional man not to exceed $200; (9) sewing-machines kept for use; (10) any articles presented by Congress or the members thereof; (11) printing materials to the value of $1,500; (12) earnings of all married persons who have to provide for entire sup port of family. Arrest for Debt.-Same as in New York. At. tachment.-Same as in New York. Executions and Stays.Execution issues immediately, except on judgments entered by default during vacation; stay on justice's issues for 4 months. Judg. ments without Defense.-Entered 20 days after notice. Juris. diction of Courts.-Justice's, $300; Circuit, no limit. Limitations.-Open accounts, 6 yrs.; written contracts, 6 yrs.; sealed, 20 yrs.; judgments of record, 20 yrs. Preferences under Assignment.-Not allowed. Rights of Dower.-A married woman may

WEST VIRGINIA.-Mechanics' Lien.-Any mechanic or workman or other person who shall perform any labor or furnish material to erect or repair any building has a lien on the same, which can be enforced by a suit. Suit must be brought within six months to enforce the lien. Legal Rate of Interest.-Six per cent. Penalty for Usury.-Forfeiture of excess of interest. Game Laws.-Insectivorous birds protected; quails, Dec. 1Oct. 10: grouse, prairie chickens or pheasants, Jan. 1-Oct. 1; bluewinged teals, mallard, or wood ducks, or any other wild ducks, wild geese, or brant, April 1-Oct. 1; sneak-boats and pivot or swivel guns forbidden; and eggs protected. Penalty, $2 to $25, or 20 days, or both. Deer, Dec. 15-Sept. 15; hunting deer with dogs forbidden to Feb. 24, 1892. Penalty, $20 to 350, or 60 days. Chattel Mortgages.-A chattel mortgage is governed by the common law, and the mortgage will be void, unless possession of the mortgaged chattels is delivered to and continuously remains with the mortgagee. Recording Deeds.-Deeds must be in writing, sealed, (a scroll is sufficient,) signed, and acknowledged, or proved by two attesting witnesses, and recorded in the county where the land is. Acknowledgments may be made before a justice, notary public, recorder, prothonotary, or clerk of any court in the U. S. The wife must join with the husband in deed to relinquish her dower. Exemption Laws.-Home worth $1,000, where the property to that value is demised or granted by debtor, being a husband or parent, and a resident in the State, as a homestead; and where he, previous to contracting the debt or liability, has placed a declaration of his intention to keep the property as a homestead on the land records of the county in which the real estate is situate. Personal property to extent of $200 and no more is also exempt, provided debtor is resident and a parent. Arrest for Debt.-For fraud. Attachment.-Same as in Virginia. Executions and Stays.-Execution issues, after 15th day of its term court may issue general order; justice's judgment may be stayed from 1 to 6 months. Judgments without Defense.-Entered on 60 days' notice before term. Limitations.Open accounts, 3 yrs.; writter contracts, 5 yrs.; sealed, 20 yrs., if before April 1, 1869; if after, 10 yrs.; judgments of record, 10 yrs. Jurisdiction of Court.-Justice's, $100; Circuit, over $50. Preferences under Assignment.-Allowed. Rights of Dower. -The real and personal property of a married woman is secured to her separate use, and is not liable for the debts of her husband. She may devise and convey her property the same as if unmarried, provided her husband joins in the deed with her. She has dower in all the real estate her husband is seized of during coverture, and