each, without the other hearing, that she would leave prohibited goods. Lecoq, whose ruling passion was the door of her chamber open. She then quitted the avarice, eagerly accepted the offer, and agreed to the room. Soon after the two gentlemen moved off as if terms proposed. His informant was to point out to their respective chambers; but, after leaving in Lecoq as a sure agent, to whose house the smugglers their rooms their lighted tapers, they stole back in might consign their bales and cases of contraband the dark and on tiptoe, and met face to face at the merchandize. Ten or twelve days after the concludoor of the lady's chamber. Seeing the trick put sion of this bargain, a cart stopped at Lecoq's door, upon them, they burst out laughing, and both entered and from it were taken two large wooden cases, the chamber, to reproach her with her duplicity; but which, according to Lecoq's orders, were placed in they had scarcely advanced three paces into the a store-room on the ground-floor of his house. The room, when Lady Guilfort, who had been concealed carter, after in vain searching his pockets for the in the corridor, pulled the door to, locked it, put the keys, said, that he must have left them at the stage key in her pocket, and hurried back to the supper- where he had stopped the night before; but that he room, where, tying together the table-cloths and nap- would return thither, and bring them to Lecoq the kins, she fastened one end of this impromptu rope to next morning. From some over acting on this man's the balcony, and, by means of it, let herself down part, and from observing that these cases were perinto the park, where she lay concealed until the gates forated in seven or eight places with small holes, were opened in the morning. She then slipped out, Lecoq had his suspicions awakened. He communiand hurrying into the town of Versailles, took the cated his doubts to a friend of his, a courageous and first vehicle that offered, and arrived in Paris before resolute young fellow; and in the evening, when her two imprisoned admirers were released from every thing was quiet in the house, they both, armed durance; as they dared not during the night make a with pistols, descended with noiseless steps the noise in the palace by calling or ringing for the ser- stairs, and took their posts near the door of the storevants, to have the door of the room in which they room, which had been left purposely unclosed. were locked up forced open, lest it might lead to the They had been for a considerable time on the watch; discovery of their participation in the criminal trick and Lecoq's friend getting impatient, was about played off upon the governor of the Bastile, and the abandoning his post, when an indistinct noise from consequent escape of Lady Guilfort. that part of the store-room where the cases were On arriving at Paris, Lady Guilfort hastened to placed struck their ears. They redoubled their at the Rue Plat d'Etain, where, in an obscure and tention-the noise increased; and they were soon miserable-looking house, but admirably contrived able to ascertain that it came from the cases. Lecoq inside for the purposes of concealment, lived one of squeezed his friend's hand-the signal was underthe chief agents of the band of malefactors with stood-they both cocked their pistols." John," whom she was connected. There, after explaining said a voice in the lowest possible whisper, are to her accomplice the means by which she had re- you there?"-" Yes."—" We appear to be alone in covered her liberty, she found a secure asylum. In the house. Let us breathe a little air; for I am a little time, aided by this villain, Lady Guilfort stifled in this cursed box. We can lie down again organised a new troop of bandits upon whom she when the people of the house come back."-Do you could reckon, as the old saying has it, a pendre et think they have any suspicion ?"- Not the least; a dependre. She, as chief of the association, planned with all his cunning, Lecoq is blinded by his avarice the expeditions, appointed to each the part he was the English woman judged him rightly, and toto play, partitioned the booty, and, at times, took a night at twelve she may satisfy her vengeance in the personal part in the expedition. The individual in heart's-blood of the infamous mouchard" (police whose house she had taken refuge was named spy.) "Fire!" cried Lecoq, at the same time dislieutenant of the troop. charging his pistols in the direction of the casesAs it was no longer possible to allure victims to his friend did the same; and the explosion was folthe den by means of Lady Guilfort's personal attrac-lowed by a double cry of agony-the balls had taken tions, the efforts of the band were principally con- effect. Lecoq ran into an adjoining room, where he fined to house robberies; but murders were avoided, had placed a lighted lamp in a cupboard, and bringunless where they became necessary to the safety of ing it with him into the store-room, he and his friend the robbers. saw the robbers stretched at the bottom of the cases, Besides the feelings of hatred arising from the one dead, and the other having his thigh broken. loss of four of the troop, including the captain, and The noise of the fire-arms brought several of the the diminution of their gains effected by young neighbours to the house, and soon after the patrol Lecoq's interference, Lady Guilfort nourished a deep arrived. This circumstance greatly annoyed Lecoq; desire of personal vengeance against him for having as the public rumour of the discovery of the two been duped by him, and resorted to the following robbers would, if it reached the ears of any of the stratagem to gratify that feeling. Young Lec q, en- band, prevent them from keeping their engagement riched by the bounty of the king, and possessed of a for midnight, and thus frustrate his intention of selucrative place, led a regular life, undisturbed by curing them all. He, however, endeavoured to reany fears of Lady Guilfort's vengeance, he sup- pair as much as possible the evil, by enjoining silence posing her to be dead: when one day a grave-look-on those who entered the house. He also informed ing and respectably-dressed man called upon him, the lieutenant-general of the police, who sent him a and after requiring a promise of secrecy with regard company of soldiers, disguised, and who came to the to what he should tell him, asked if he should like house only one by one, where they were conveniently to be put in the way of detecting a set of smugglers, posted for the reception of the robbers. who carried on an extensive and thriving trade be- It had scarcely struck midnight when the noise of tween Belgium and Paris in Brussels lace and other several feet was heard approaching, and soon after

13

United States-Broadside guns, 28; No. lbs., 864; crew (men only), 474; size, 1533 tons.

they stopped opposite the door of the house, whilst at the same time five knocks were given upon one of the panes of the window of the store-room; the door, after a moment's delay, was cautiously half] opened, and four men successively entered, followed Before commenting on the action, we would draw by another figure in female attire. The door was our reader's attention to the amazing disparity of then slapped-to violently, a whistle was blown, and force between the two ships-greater, indeed, than instantly numerous torches and tapers were brought between the Constitution and the Guerriere. In the from the adjoining rooms, which lighted up the hall. first place, the United States, according to the tonand exhibited to the stupified banditti the muskets of nage, was half as large again as her opponent: she thirty soldiers levelled at them. In despair. they was superior to any ship of her class in the American dropped their arms, and were seized, bound, and "avy; her sides were well defended by the thickness carried off to prison. Before their departure Lecoq of the live oak-the cells of her main-deck ports being went up to the female figure, and putting a lamp to of the same scantling as our 74 gun ships on their her face, beheld features totally unknown to him. lower-deck port-cells-that carronade grape could The woman was not Lady Guilfort. Lecoq's dis- with great difficulty penetrate them. Here, indeed, appointment and astonishment were extreme. The was great capability to endure--more especially as next day, however, he received a note, which in some this action was fought nearly the whole time out of measure cleared up the mystery. This note, which pistol-shot range-the crew within thirty-one of being exists in the archives of the police, was brought to him by a porter, who said it had been given to him by a lady in a thick veil. The contents were as follow :

the exact double in favour of the United State which ship had four broadside guns more than ha adversary. To designate the capture of the Macedonian by such a giant in advantage as her enemy, a victory, is absurd; and here, indeed, did we not know "Tremble! One of us must perish. Yesterday I Mr. Cooper by his writings, we might be inclined was near your house, when the impatience of my to give him some credit for the modesty of his statetwo agents rendered abortive my plan; but wishing meat-had his statement been correct. In the first to revenge myself on the new captain of our troop, place, he is anxious to make it appear that the United and the unworthy rival he has preferred to me, I did States tried every means in her power to close with not warn him of the fate of our advanced guard, but the Macedonian; and, from the firing of the first allowed him to proceed on the expedition, knowing broadside, all of which fell short-and during the that he would thereby become your and the police's first half hour engagement, which was at so great a prey. I have succeeded, and they will now expiate distance that carronades were useless-Mr Cooper the scorn they treated me with. You may judge talks of the close luff of the United States, and begins from this if my vengeance knows how to reach those and finishes his account thus:-"It was soon appathat incur it. It is your turn next, young faufaron, who imagine that you are secure from my blows, by having made yourself a mouchard, when at best you are good for nothing else than to be"

*

rent that the American ship was cutting her antagonist to pieces, while she sustained very little injury herself. As a matter of course, the English ship fell to leeward, while the American both closed and forereached upon her: finding herself far enough ahead Peuchet adds, in a note-" After this letter, the and to windward, the United States at length tacked conclusion of which is expressed in too energetic and ranged up under the enemy's lee. At this moterms to be repeated to ears polite, the report breaks ment the a izen-mast of the latter had been shot away, off abruptly, several pages having been torn out of his main and fore-topmnasts were gone, his main-yard the police register. We are, therefore, ignorant of was hanging in two pieces, and no colours were flying. the denouement of Lady Guilfort's history, but from what we have seen of it, it is abundantly clear that

this was not the last of her adventures."

As the United States came up under the lee of the English ship the firing ceased on both sides, she bailed and demanded the name of her antagonist, and whether she had submitted. To the first interrogatory, Commodore Decatur was answered that the ship was the Macedonian, 38, Captain Carden; and to the second, that the vessel had struck."

This is Mr. Cooper's statement-calculated to make the victory certain, the opposition or the disposition to annoy most trivial, and to endure insignificant-calculated, if any Englishman is silly enough to credit the vain boasting of this imaginative writer, to make men believe that the Macedonian was sacrificed without resistance that she used every means to escape-that she came reluctantly into action-and that, whilst Decatur was keeping a close luff to get near his antagonist, that antagonist was endeavouring to avoid an action, and was only forced into it when she was so riddled aloft as to be unable to maintain her superiority of sailing.

* Chamier's edition of James's Naval History.

In the first place, when the two ships discovered United States, so anxious to engage, never hove-to each other, the Macedonian was about twelve miles for her adversary to come up-never tacked to reach on the weather bow of the United States, and no her more quickly-not a a bit of it) continued keepsooner was the latter seen than the former set hering clean full until the Macedonian reached, at 9. 20, studding-sails and bore up in chase. Mr. Cooper A. M., a position on the larboard quarter of the even begrudges Captain Carden the honour of any American frigate, both ships being, of course, on the disposition either to chase or to engage: he says-arboard tack.

66

"It was soon ascertained that the stranger was an The action now commenced. The first broadside enemy, and every exertion was made to get along-of the United States carried away the mizen-topmast side of him, though the English ship having the ad- of the Macedonian, which fell in the main-top, and, vantage of the wind, which she tenaciously maintained, as Brenton well remarks, reduced the "superiority to was enabled for some time to prevent it." It will be an equality of sailing," and gave Commodore Deseen hereafter how Mr. Cooper has availed himself catur his heart's best wish of the power to close his of an alteration in the determination of Captain Car- adversary--for, with a mizen-topmast gone and gaff den to fabricate the above; but this is quite evident-shot away, even the Waggon might have kept her the Macedonian had far the advantage of sailing over luff, and hugged the wind better than her disabled the Waggon, as the lumbering United States was adversary. But, no: in spite of Mr. Cooper's hiscalled; and had Captain Carden chosen to avail tory, so beautifully imagined, this disposition to himself of his heels, and Decatur altered his mind grapple-this manifestation of using "every exertion and in reality chased, it would have been the tortoise to get alongside”—was, we are bound to assert, disin pursuit of the hare; not all the close luffs in the regarded; for the United States, now the equal of world could have forced on an engagement-the the Macedonian in point of sailing, kept her enemy Waggon would soon have been distanced, and the in one position on the quarter in a running fight."† Macedonian still an English frigate. But what was The United States kept two points off the wind, and in reality the fact? Why, this: that no sooner had so continued until 10. 15, when she laid her mainthe Macedonian advanced to within about three topsail to the mast, end allowed the Macedonian to miles of the United States-and as it was 7. 30. A.M. come to close action. The enormous superiority of on the 12th of October, she must have been as easy force, by 11. 10, A. M., rendered the English ship a to make out as a reef-point in a topsail :-this close wreck: she was still to windward, and made an efluff of Mr. Cooper was turned into a sudden order to fort-a desperate effort to board; a shot cut the fore"wear ship" and the United States, instead of brace, the only remaining yard to which a portion of chasing, and of "using every exertion to get along- a sail which could be serviceable still clung; the side," "wore" and actually kept two points free, to yard swung round, the ship was thrown into the get away if possible. It was impossible even for wind, and the last chance lost. She struck her those the least inclined to see an enemy near them to colours, when all further resistance was useless, and disguise the truth: the Macedonian, which at three after having endured an action of one hour and threemiles distance in broad daylight had been mistaken quarters against a vessel 452 tons larger than herself. for a 74, alas! was now made out by some cooler Mr. Cooper having made light work of this action, champion of his country's cause to be a frigate two- and having from the beginning to the end laboured to thirds the size of the United States; and as the Ma- save his friend Decatur from any blame, by advanccedonian closed fast, and there was no possibility of ing the most unblushing-the easiest refuted-stateescape, a better face was put upon the affair-the ments, takes especial good care not to mention that United States wore round again on the larboard in this giant ship, over the guns on her main-deck, tack, and hauled sharp up.

was painted" Victory," "Nelson," &c., which was explained by Decatur himself thus:-"The men belonging to those guns served many years with Lord Nelson, and in the Victory; the crew of the gun named Nelson were once bargemen to that great chief, and they claim the privilege of using his illustrious name in the way you have seen."+

Even in this second exhibition, the men who have served in our navy, under our spirited leaders, will discover a lingering dislike to the action on the part of the United States. An English captain would not have lost a foot of ground-he would have brought his ship close to the wind and tacked; but with an enemy to windward, and at the distance of three Why do we mention this fact? Not in order to miles, he never would have wore and lost even an show that the Macedonian was taken by Englishmen inch by the manœuvre. We mention this more or that these men, trained under our greatest Adstrongly to mark the palpable inaccuracy of Mr. miral, were necessary for the capture of the frigateCooper's statement: it was the Macedonian which we are no such fools: twenty or thirty such men, chased, and not the United States it was Captain who would have paid the price of their treason by a Carden who bore up to meet his adversary-not his morning's airing at the fore-yard arm, would naturally adversary, who kept the close-luff, and used every fight hard to save themselves such an unpleasant demeans to get alongside of the English ship. If the pendance: but the force was overwhelming without preface of the action is so contrary to historical fact, the addition; and Mr. Cooper, who was once a forewhat shall we say to the action itself? mast-man in a merchant vessel, and who knows as Captain Carden, wishing to preserve the weather-well as any man, having had experience, that one gage, now hauled close up, and as he passed the United States, on opposite tacks, the latter fired Mr. Cooper's broadside, some of which fell short, some of which passed over the Macedonian. The English frigate now wore in pursuit, and owing to her superiority of sailing (the reader will remark that the

vi.,

* Brenton, vol. ix., p. 59. James in diagram, vol. P. 116.

James's Naval History, vol. vi., p. 114. + James.

66

good seaman is worth four of landsmen-might, in effect upon our own countrymen; they, like the this impartial history given to the world, (alas! this readers of Mr. Cooper's history, were deceived: exis an ungrateful world, and very slow to acknowledge cepting as far as the fact that one frigate had captured the favours showered upon it by so creditable a another, few troubled themselves to inquire into the donor,) have mentioned the fact-which he might minute details of the action; the merchant, the bankhave got from the very best authority, his own er, the country gentleman, all shook their ominous darling Decatur-or from Lieutenant Allen, who was heads- Another of our frigates has been captured promoted for this action, and from whom, no doubt, by a frigate; the naval glory of our country is fast the story of the hot coal was procured, which we flitting away: we may yet live to see Napoleon on mentioned in the preceding part of this notice. Mr. the shores of England; neither our property, nor our Cooper endeavours by every means in his power to household gods and goddesses are secure: our wooden decry and depreciate the defence of the Macedonian walls are crumbling into ruin; cur sailors are beaten, (we trust this will fall under the observation of some our pride is humbled." Such is a specimen we reof the brave fellows who defended that ship, and that member to have heard when two frigates had been a personal explanation might enlighten the historian): captured: now came a third, and then dismay was he starts by insinuating that she hugged the wind unbounded. to avoid the action-that she was chased like a mer- The Java was formerly a French frigate, the Rechant-schooner, and compelled to fight. "She was nommee. Like almost all the frigates built by that smaller, of lighter armament, and had fewer en nation, which seems to have taken the build of a than her opponent, of course; but the disproportion woman for the model of their ships, swelling out between the force of the two vessels was much less below, and small in the waist, she was broad on her than that between the execution;" thus does Mr. lower deck and narrow and contracted above. She Cooper sum up his remarks. mounted 46 guns and a boat carronade. She had on In Mr.. Cooper's England" he mentions it as a board 397 souls, 300 of which formed her complenational disgrace that the writings of the English ment, the 97 being supernumeraries, a large proporshould hold such dominion over the minds of the free tion of whom were Marine Society boys. It is and enlightened citizens of the United States! Can stated by Mr. James, whose authority can scarcely he doubt the reason now ?-can he wonder that men be doubted, so accurate is he even in the most trivial of common understanding should yield to the opinions details, that "out of the whole crew of the Java, of another nation, when their own authors, and men when she sailed from Spithead on the 12th Novemwhom we remember to have heard in Paris dignify ber, 1812, amounting to 300 men and boys, the themselves as the American Walter Scotts, write whole number of petty officers and men, exclusively histories purposely to deceive them-and who come of those of the former that walked the quarter-deck, to their laborious task with minds biassed, with who had never been present at an action, amounted eyes purposely blinded-without the slightest liber- to fewer than fifty." The Java was to convey Lieuality, the slightest disposition to enquire, or the tenant-General Hislop and suite to Bombay, and was slightest desire to record the actual fact? Mr. piled and crammed with stores for ships building in Cooper need not rail at the Quarterly Review-that Bombay, and with the luggage of the governor and Review is powerful enough to endure all his vitupera- his suite. The force of the Constitution has been tion, and not likely to be annoyed by the small fire of given before, and, with the exception of her having his insignificant broadside: so long as Mr. Cooper landed two of her 32-pounder carronades, and taken writes with the equal veracity of his history, so long on board one 18-pounder carronade, mounted on a will America gladly turn to the pages of the English travelling carriage, her armament and complement historian, who is proud to offer them the praise they remained unaltered. She was under the command deserve, and who never allows any petty spite to of Commodore Bainbridge; Commodore Decatur warp his mind or turn him from the straight path of having retired, as Mr. Cooper says, to give another honour and of truth. a chance of being as fortunate as himself. The acIt is impossible in the space so limited in a Journal tion was warmly contested from ten minutes past of this description to follow the author now under re- two, P.M., until twenty-five minutes past four, when view through all the mazes and wanderings of his the Java, being a complete wreck, her fore and mizenpages: we, therefore, pass over all the actions of the mast gone, her mainyard shot away in the slings, smaller vessels-every one of which is erroneously the ship perfectly unmanageable, her guns rolling in stated, and in every one of which the same disposition the water, 22 of her crew killed, her Captain morto ridicule the glory of England, and the same dispo- tally, her First-Lieutenant severely, 102 in all sition to enhance the valour, power, and discipline of wounded, the Java struck her colours, and was taken the United States Navy, is observable-and come possession of by her huge antagonist. There was at again to the capture of another English frigate, the one time of this action a dawn of hope in favour of Java, by the Constitution. the Java, but the immense power of endurance, with

The constant successes of the Americans-for, the greater power of annoyance, being so decidedly most prudently, the relative force of the combatants in favour of the American, the beam of hope was was never accurately given, either in the despatches soon overclouded, and not a chance remained. or in the public prints-had swollen our Trans-Atlan- We are not disposed to quarrel with Mr. Cooper's tic enemies with some very excusable vanity for a account of this action, excepting that it is perfectly young nation, they had done wonders; and the oldest unintelligible to the seaman who feels disposed to nation could do no more than capture whatever was reduce it to a diagram, and there are a few mistakes opposed to them. It is in vain to disguise from our-relative to the manœuvres executed during the two selves that the capture of these frigates, although opposed by so very superior a force, had a great moral

* Vol. vi., page 127.

hours and a quarter the ships were engaged. How-true the action was said to have occupied two hours ever, in one respect he is right: the Java was cap- and a quarter; but I want to show that we picked tured, and was afterwards burned by the captors; the Java to pieces in an hour. I want to show our and from the following extract of Mr. Cooper's his- superiority in discipline and in coolness; and I think tory, vol. 2d, page 138, the surviving officers and that a ship of the Constitution's magnitude ought to seamen of that gallant crew may rest satisfied that have swallowed up her antagonist in half the time they fought until they could fight no longer. Mr. she took or required to effect it." Then, by way of Cooper is wrong in the action's duration; but time making the fire of the Constitution so very superior is much too insignificant an object to the historian. in point of direction, Mr. Cooper has appended a whose fingers, like Allen's, burn with the hot coal note, in which he states that "The Constitution ardour of recording success. "This combat lasted mounted 54 guns, and threw 677 lbs. 5 oz. (observe rear two hours, from the commencement to the end the accuracy of the ounces) of metal at a broadside, of the firing, and it was warmly contested on both the apparent deficiency between the metal and the sides, but with very different results. Although known calibre of the guns arising from short weight there was more manoeuvring than common, the Java of shot. On the other hand, the Java is said to have had been literally picked to pieces by shot, spar after mounted 49 guns, and to have thrown 605 lbs. of spar, until she had not one left. Her foremast was metal at a broadside. . . . . . . There may not have first cut away near the cat-harpings, and afterwards been perfect accuracy in the statement alluded to, but by a double-headed shot about five and twenty feet it is probable that the actual difference between the from the deck. The main topmast went early, and broadsides of the two ships was much less than the the mainmast fell after the Constitution hauled off. apparent." The mizenmast was shot out of the ship a few feet Now the whole of this note is erroneous; but it is from the deck, and the bowsprit near the cap. Her purposely erroneous, for inaccuracy never could have hull was also greatly injured; and her loss in men. been so wide of the truth. The Constitution threw according to the British account, was 22 killed and a weight of 740 lbs.-we do not calculate the odd 102 wounded, though there is good reason for sup- ounces-and the Java only 517,-we imagine that posing it was considerably greater: Commodore the light weight. Mr. Cooper says "That the Bainbridge stated it at 60 killed and 101 wounded." American shot, during all this war, were generally Why, we ask, dces Mr. Cooper suspect the official light would seem to be certain," would never make accounts returned to our Government by Mr. Chads, up the deficiency. This statement of Mr. Cooper, who succeeded to the command after Čaptain Lam- endeavouring to decry the defence of the Java, is not bert was wounded, and who wrote the despatch in much calculated to enhance the honour due to the consequence of his Captain's death? It would occur captors; but, fortunately, other historians, both to us that any man who lost his ship would be glad American and English, have preceded him, and the to increase rather than decrease the number of killed sister-ship, although not quite so thick in her sides and wounded. It would show that he made a greater as the Waggon-the President-has been placed resistance; that he struck when the slaughter was alongside of a sister-ship of the Java, in Portsmouth tremendous; that a greater sacrifice of life would be Harbour, and we speak, without the slightest fear of criminal; that an insufficient quantity remained to contradiction, that in regard to size the Java could work the guns, or refit the ship. No, no, this is not have been stowed away in the Constitution, and that Mr. Cooper's object; he wants to establish that the in weight of metal there was more than 120 lbs. difAmericans were better gunners, that they were cooler ference in each broadside. Our readers may consult under fire, directed their engines with surer effect, every authority, as we have done, and they will find and that, in spite of being opposed by the lords of Mr. Cooper's zeal for detraction to have overthe ocean, their valour was unwavering, their skill shadowed his discretion as an historian-they will uncontrolled by the slightest emotion, and that, with say, that he is a man totally devoid of accuracy, all the calmness of old experienced sportsmen, they contradicting himself at every page, burning with brought down their birds right and left. This is his hatred against this country, and giving to the world object, and, in order to keep up appearances, he a history as envenomed with spite and malice as it forgets his previous statements, and when over- is overflowing with bitterness and mistakes. We boiling for the honour of the discipline, courage and will quote once more before we reverse the picture coolness of his countrymen, forgets what he had of American triumphs. Throughout the whole of penned in the preceding page, and remarks- The the transaction, connected with the interests and Java, like the Guerriere, had been well handled, but feelings of the officers and men he had captured, her fire had been badly aimed; and it began to be Commodore Bainbridge manifested a liberality and no longer believed that the broadside of an English delicacy that tended to relieve the miseries that war ship was as formidable as it had been represented. necessarily inflicts, and which appear to have left a It would seem that the Constitution actually wore deep impression on the enemy.' We place in six times after the action fairly commenced; and juxtaposition the following from James's Naval Hisallowing for the positions of the ship, the lightness tory: The manner in which the Java's men were of the wind-[we beg leave to say that the Java was treated by the American officers reflects upon the going ten knots an hour when the first shot was latter the highest disgrace: the moment the prisonfired]-and the space that it was necessary to run in ers were brought on board the Constitutin they order to avoid being raked while executing these were handcuffed. Admitting that to have been jusevolutions, it is probable that the cannonade did not tifiable as a measure of precaution, what right had actually occupy an hour."

This quotation, put into English, means" It is

* Cooper, Baudry's Edition, vol. ii., p. 139.