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The Niger intervention battalion (Operation Zoumounchi), consisting of 481 troops, leaves to join the multinational forces in Saudi Arabia. This is the first time Niger has sent troops abroad.

Iraq announces it will pour 250,000 more troops into Kuwait.

Because of shortages caused by the U.N. trade embargo, Iraq's 250-member National Assembly passes a law declaring a government monopoly on the trading of wheat, barley, rice, corn and other grains, and mandates the death penalty for violators.

NOVEMBER 16

The U.N. International Labor Organization (ILO), meeting in Geneva, hears a complaint by Kuwait against Iraq's treatment of employers and trade unions. The ILO governing body approves a complaint by the Egyptian Trade Union Federation against the Government of Iraq, for the violation of rights of Egyptian migrant workers in Iraq.

NOVEMBER 20

Saddam Hussein orders all German hostages freed.

NOVEMBER 22

President Bush visits American soldiers in Saudi Arabia on the American national holiday of Thanksgiving.

NOVEMBER 23

The European Parliament in its plenary session in Strasbourg, France, for the third time in as many months, passes a resolution strongly condemning Iraq for its “brutal and unjustified" invasion of Kuwait and expressing alarm at "the campaign of terror" which Baghdad has waged against Kuwaiti citizens.

NOVEMBER 24

The member countries of the South Asia Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) call for the "immediate and unconditional withdrawal of Iraqi forces from Kuwait and the restoration of its legitimate Government." Member nations consist of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and the Maldives.

NOVEMBER 26

The five permanent members of the U.N. Security Council agree in principle on a resolution authorizing the use of force against Iraq if it fails to withdraw from Kuwait.

President Gorbachev, in an address to the Supreme Soviet, warns Saddam Hussein that his aggression against Kuwait will be punished, and vows that the alliance against Iraq will not be broken.

NOVEMBER 27

The U.N. Security Council, meeting in special session, hears extensive testimony from six Kuwaiti refugees on atrocities by Iraqi forces invading Kuwait. Iraqi soldiers have "tortured, raped and pillaged Kuwait and its people in a way that recalls to

mind the era of pirates and the wars of the primitive ages," Ambassador Mohammad Abulhasan, Kuwait's chief envoy says in presenting videotapes smuggled out of Kuwait.

The U.S. Department of Defense says a total of 4,162 Gulf ship interceptions have occurred in implementing United Nations sanctions against Kuwait to date, including 500 boardings and 19 ship diversions. The United States has carried out 320 of the boardings, Allied forces 162, and combined U.S. and Allied forces 18.

The U.S. Treasury Department says it will make a formal survey of Iraqi assets frozen in the United States, estimated at $1,000 million.

NOVEMBER 28

The U.N. General Assembly, in an overwhelming 148 to 1 vote, condemns acts of violence against diplomatic and consular missions and representatives, singling out Iraq's actions in occupied Kuwait.

Kuwait's chief envoy, Ambassador Abulhasan, tells the U.N. Security Council that Iraqi occupation forces have confiscated Kuwaiti identification documents, have burned the archives of many ministries including those dealing with population, and have seized homes and properties in escalated acts of terrorism to force Kuwaitis to leave their homeland.

The U.N. Security Council adopts a resolution condemning Iraq's attempt to alter the demographic composition of the population of Kuwait and destroy the civil records maintained by the legitimate government of Kuwait. It authorizes U.N. Secretary-General Perez de Cuellar to take custody of the copy of the population register through August 1, 1990, smuggled from Kuwait after Iraq's August 2 invasion.

NOVEMBER 29

The U.N. Security Council, voting 12 to 2 with China abstaining, approves the use of force if Iraq does not withdraw from Kuwait by January 15, 1991. Security Council Resolution 678 demands that Iraq comply fully with United Nations resolutions requiring it to withdraw from Kuwait and restore Kuwait's legitimate government. It states that unless Iraq fully implements the foregoing resolutions by January 15, member states are authorized "to use all necessary means" to uphold them and "to restore international peace and security." Cuba and Yemen vote against the measure.

NOVEMBER 30

Iraq rejects the United Nations ultimatum to leave Kuwait by mid-January or face the danger of war, calling the resolution "illegal and invalid."

In a press conference, President Bush announces that the United States will issue an invitation to Iraqi Foreign Minister Tariq Aziz to come to Washington, and suggests to Saddam Hussein that he receive Secretary of State James Baker at a mutually convenient time between December 15, 1990 and January 15, 1991.

The Andean Pact presidents, meeting in La Paz, Bolivia, sign a joint letter to Saddam Hussein urging Iraq to comply with the U.N. Security Council resolutions calling upon Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait.

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Soldiers of the French Foreign Legion during a training exercise.

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