severely marring this part of the scenery. There is also a look-out at the top of the mountain. We feel that the road, together with the trail to the look-out, could constitute a popular view point overlooking into the rest of the Wilderness, and should be managed for its other non-wilderness values. We estimate that the total acreage of commercial timber land, as set forth by the Multiple Use Plan Map of the Mount Baker National Forest, is 2,540 acres with an estimated total volume of 109,080,000 board feet. This volume was estimated, as are the other volumes, by taking the average board footage of 43,000 board feet per acre times the number of acres of commercial timber. This figure translates into an average annual cut of 730,000 board feet, which figure is based upon the assumption that if the land is not placed in the Wilderness, it will be cut under landscape management principles (.0067% per year). These figures are set forth further in the table below.

The White Chuck Corridor Addition.—(Area No. 2 on the map). The White Chuck River is at the very base of scenic Glacier Peak, and clear cut logging has proceeded already much too far towards the Peak. It should not go any further, and the Corridor should be completely eliminated all the way to the present road head to prevent this. We have calculated a total acreage involved in this addition of 2,120; a total acreage of commercial timber of 340, with a resulting total volume of 14.6 million board feet, and an annual average cut of 98,000 board feet.

Thus, the total volumes of commercial timber involved in both of these additions is aproximately 123.7 million, with a resulting average annual cut of 828.8 thousand board feet. The table below sets forth the estimated impact in terms of business income forgone and jobs lost in Snohomish County. We have already noted that this total was less than 1/10 of 1% of the annual average cut of the Mount Baker National Forest.

Horseshoe Basin Addition. (Area #3 on the map). The Horseshoe Basin country itself lies presently mostly within the existing North Cascades Primitive Area, on its northeast corner. This is high rolling meadow country, quite unlike any other part of the North Cascades. The rolling high peaks provide a series of great amphitheaters for viewing the immensely impressive procession of glacierhung giants in the Skagit River, about 90 miles to the west. It is peaceful and quiet country; full of flower meadows and sparkling streams. It is heavily used by the local population in the Okanogan valley in its wilderness state. It has little in the way of commercial value.

The original North Cascades Study Team Proposal, followed by the administration proposal, as presently reflected in HR. 8970, provided for omission of this entire area from Wilderness protection. Apparently this was on the grounds that too much commercial timber was involved. However, an intensive timber cruise made last summer of the Okanogan National Forest, resulted in the reevaluation of the timber volume, and the realization that instead of the calculated 88 million board feet estimated to be within this part of the Primitive Area, in actuality only about 18 million board feet was involved. This apparently was the impetus for the senate's action in restoring this area, up to the Primitive Area boundary back into the Pasayten Wilderness.

We now join with the Oroville Sportsman's Association, and other conservationists in that area, in urging this committee to add an area of approximately 13,800 acres immediately to the south of this corner of the Primitive Area to the proposed Pasayten Wilderness. The addition of this area of valleys and low hills would provide the necessary foreground setting for the high country, and would be a way of providing for the increased use that is coming to this part of the North Cascades. The view into this area from the high country provides an apparently untrammeled vista of wilderness as far as the eye can see. Any logging or roading of this area would be a severe disfigurement and would reduce the scenic and wilderness impact of the high country. Also, in view of the fact that water is one of the most precious resources of Eastern Washington, the retention of this area in Wilderness should go far to assuring a steady permanent supply of this essential to life.

The acreage of commercial timber involved is not great, and is estimated to be about 7,000 acres. This acreage supports an estimated total volume of about 22 million board feet, which translates into an annual average cut of 147,400 board feet per year. The effect on the economy of the Okanogan valley would be infinitesimal. This amount of board footage is not enough to keep one small mill going for more than a few days, if that much. Even when combined with the present low timber volumes in the Horseshore Basin part of the Primitive Area, the impact is hardly much greater.

The economic impact of each of these proposed additions in terms of job and business income forgone in the affected counties is set forth in the following table. (Table 2)

TABLE 1.-PROPOSED ADDITIONS TO WILDERNESS PROTECTION IN S. 1321

Gross business income from logging is estimated by multiplying the board footage of lost annual allowable cut by an expected pound value per 1,000 board feet ($60 per thousand) and by then multiplying the result by a business multiplier of 2.5 for a stimulated business income. The 2.5 figure is derived from Forest Service studies; and the pound valuation is derived from industry figures.

Employment estimates are based upon prevailing ratios of employment to board footage cut (.2 MMBF/employee, from Forest Service studies) with adjustments of -33% for shrinkage of employment due to automation over the next twenty years or so. This 33% reduction in employment due to automation is suggested by employment projections in the wood products industry found in the economic base of the Puget Sound Region, Present and Future, Washington State Department of Commerce and Economic Development (1960). A multiplier for stimulated secondary employment has been applied. This committee has a great opportunity to insure the protection of a wilderness resource for all time and it can do it at almost no cost to the economy. I urge you to do this.

Mr. UDALL. Any of the following here who wish to testify please come forward and take these seats in front. Mr. Lilleby, Jan Baldi, Warren Brown, Randy Asplund, Randal Douney, Robert Mather, Ralph Uber, Lynn Buchannan, Duane Rosekranz, Hugh Millen. These are the remaining people we will hear on a 2-minute basis as the time allows. We will hear from Ray Lilleby. If those who are coming forward have statements, please give them to Mr. McElvain here and he can be sorting them out.

Mr. Lilleby, you may proceed.

STATEMENT OF RAY LILLEBY, OF EPHRATA, WASH.

Mr. LILLEBY. Mr. Chairman, members of the subcommittee, my interest in this area is primarily as a hiker, mountaineer, and concerned citizen. For several years I have hiked in this area and camped and done some observation of how these areas are being managed by both the National Park Service and the Forest Service.

I believe the area being considered for the North Cascades National Park is of national interest and significance and is thus warranting of national park status. I also favor the establishment of the Pasayten Wilderness Area, the Ross Lake and Lake Chelan National Recreation Areas, but oppose those amendments to S. 1321 which increase

the size of the recreational areas at the expense of areas which should be within the national park.

I do not think the multiple use the multiple interpretation concept, which it really is, of the Forest Service should be applied to this delicate park land. Such a concept would ultimately result in more roads, timber clear cutting, mining, grazing, and construction of dams. Some of these activities such as mining pose the threat of complete excavation and alteration of the natural surface landscape. Such a threat has recently been made to the Glacier Peak Wilderness Area by the Kennecott Copper Corp.

The National Park Service has an outstanding record of management in Mount Rainier and Olympic National Parks here in our State of Washington. I am fearful to think of what would have happened to these prime areas without the strong protection the National Park Service has provided. This protection has stopped such things as timber clear cutting at the very doorsteps of these areas.

The North Cascades is an area equal or surpassing any national park in the United States or as the Senate agreed in Senate Report 700 Here occurs the most breathtakingly and spectacular mountain scenery in the 48 contiguous States." The increasing pressures of urbanization in our own time and the multiplied pressures of the future demand that we now decide whether we should be allowed to alter such scenic areas. I consider the limited economic returns to be had from these areas to be far less than the lasting benefits and inspiration to future generations that a national park would provide. We will not be doing away with the Forest Service from our State. The multiple-use concept will continue to be applied to most areas having to do with present jobs and timber harvesting. The area being considered for the national park is of such special national interest and significance that we should not in this area think of only a few local economic interests. It is my hope that man living in the 21st and 22d centuries will have a country that is not so civilized that every area and resource will have in some way been altered.

Mr. UDALL. You have used your 2 minutes to great advantage. We thank you for your help.

Jan Baldi.

STATEMENT OF JAN E. BALDI, OF ELLENSBURG, WASH.

Mr. BALDI. There is a statement of my position. I might say that my reaction to this is based on my experience in growing up in the western part of the State and now becoming a resident of Ellensburg.

Since I can remember, I have been interested in the great outdoorsfrom hunting the magnificent elk to identifying flowers in an alpine. meadow. The outdoors has always provided me with unique and valuable learning experiences, and because of this, I spend the largest portion of my leisure time in the hills hunting, fishing, camping, climbing, hiking, and collecting and studying the multitudinous items with my wife and our three young children.

I believe it is because of my experiences with nature and the observations I have made of my children's experiences that I have such a strong commitment for a park in the North Cascades; a park much larger than S. 1321 would provide: a park that would include the Pasayten wilderness, Glacier Peak wilderness, and Mount Baker area.

I realize that this sounds a little overwhelming, but so did Yellowstone and Yosemite when they were proposed-and there is no need to mention how crowded these parks are today.

I realize that if all the area I desire were a park, I would have to discontinue hunting; and though hunting is an important part of my leisure, I would make such a sacrifice if I knew a park would cover the North Cascades to protect its wildlife from man. Plus, it would provide the opportunity for future generations to see and study nature first hand.

I believe this land should be a park, thus, being placed under the Department of Interior supervision, rather than the Forest Service, because the park department's main function is preservation. The park department does not have to satisfy the interests of various groups. such as the grazers, the loggers, miners, Honda-riders, hunters, and even hikers who would like to visit the woods without the danger of being shot or run over by cattle or Hondas.

Mr. UDALL. Mr. Baldi, it is a fine statement and we thank you for giving us your advice.

Mr. BALDI. I might mention that I sent a telegram for permission and I was not given permission, and

Mr. UDALL. We had to have some arbitrary cutoff times in order to schedule these hearings properly.

Mr. Foley?

Mr. FOLEY. Whom did you send a telegram to? To me?

Mr. BALDI. No.

Mr. FOLEY. The committee?

Mr. McELVAIN. He sent it late. The cutoff date was July 8, and hiwire, which I have with me is dated July 10, 10:50 p.m.-3 days late. Mr. BALDI. Was it under the deadline?

Mr. UDALL. We will spend a minute arguing about it. Take another minute.

Mr. FOLEY. I ask unanimous consent that he have 1 more minute.

Mr. BALDI. Many people argue that we should not lock all the resources. I feel we should. It is interesting to note that when man truly needs a scarce product, technology eliminates the need. So I ask: Why do we not create a need and put technology to action?

In addition, locking resources could tend to eliminate wastefulness. Visit a logging site and note the waste; visit our beaches and note the wood fiber lying around by the thousands of board feet; and also note the number of board feet of timber sent to Japan each year. If the wood fiber is so important to our economy, we have to stop the waste and the export of this product. Then, we can have both virgin forest and logging.

In closing, let me say that I am much distressed by the numerous hearings over the years which appear to be stalling tactics, appeasers, or political games, while in the North Cascades the trees continue to fall.

Thank you for your time and interest.

Mr. UDALL. Next witness, Mr. Warren Brown.
Mr. Randy Asplund.

STATEMENT OF RANDY ASPLUND, OF WENATCHEE, WASH.

Mr. ASPLUND. Mr. Chairman, members of the subcommittee, my name is Randy Asplund. I am a student at Wenatchee High School and live at Route 2, Ohne Garden Road, Wenatchee. I am in favor of a national park in the North Cascades and urge you to support S. 1321. Last May in my civics class I was a chairman on a study of the North Cascades. After evaluating all the facts we decided that a better management and planning scheme was necessary to preserve these beautiful Cascades.

We then gave our report to the class in which both Forest Service and Park Service management policies were debated. The class then voted 75 percent in favor of a national park. The class felt that the National Park Service would plan, manage, and preserve the North Cascades more successfully.

So, sirs, I strongly request that the Senate bill for a North Cascades Park be passed quickly so that everyone may enjoy the North Cascades in their natural state.

Thank you.

Mr. UDALL. Randy, I commend you and your class and your teachers and your school for such a fine and appropriate topic. I wish we had more schools and more young people that would do the kind of thing you did.

Mr. ASPLUND. Thank you.

Mr. UDALL. Randall Downey.

STATEMENT OF RANDALL DOWNEY, OF WENATCHEE, WASH.

Mr. DOWNEY. Mr. Chairman, members of the subcommittee, my name is Randall Downey. I am a resident of Wenatchee and have been for 11 years, since I was 6. Washington is thus my State, and the North Cascades are my mountains.

I am here to request that the House of Representatives act favorably in this session on Senate Bill 1321. It is extremely important to give protection to the remaining wild areas of the Cascades while we still

can.

I am here because I like the Northwest. I plan to live in the Northwest the rest of my life. Therefore, I have a special interest in making sure that there will always be an opportunity to go into the Cascades and use them, use them in their natural state.

I do not hunt much or fish very often because my work ties me down most of the time. But I do like to hike, and I hope to spend as much time as I can in the mountains. I find that going into the wild and natural parts of the moutnains gives me the only chance I have to be really alone, and that is important to me. Even though I may never sign the register on many North Cascades trails, it is important for me to know that wild and undisturbed mountains are there.

One of my uncles operates a sawmill and another is a logger, so I certainly appreciate the importance of commercial use of our mountains. But, as the population and industry of the Northwest and the entire country grows, it is becoming more and more important to make sure that the best of our wild and natural lands are preserved as a place for us to walk in solitude and to see nature working undisturbed by man.