devient or. Under their hands copper became gold.' The works of those engravers, which are now fold at the price of pictures, are evident proofs of the honourable ftate of the arts in those days. What numberless examples too have not Rembrandt, Bergham, Oftade, and others of the Dutch masters, left us of their defire to cultivate erg av ing? Have not the works of the form. er, which are now fold at moft amazing prices, tranfmitted a reputation both to himself and to his country, which time can never obliterate; the Bloemarts, the Vifchers, and others, were certainly ornaments to the age in which they lived. During the reign of Lewis the four teenth, what a number of great artifts appeared in this profeffion, and did honour to France! The names of Gerard, Andran, Edelink, Poilly, &c. will be la ing ornaments to that kirgdom. That magnificent prince frequently amufed himself in this way; and fo charmed was he with the works of the ingenious Édelink, that he conferred upon him the honour of knighthood. It has been owing folely to the honourable rank given to this art, by the royal academy of painting at Paris, that it has been cherished and cultivated to fuch a degree of excellence, that, for a century paft, Paris has been the depofitory of the fineft productions in this way; and thefe have been the fource of incredible riches to France. Let us, in the laft place, follow this art into Great Britain. Queen Anne, whole reign has been generally called the Auguftan age of this country, was defirous of traninitting to pofterity the Cartoons of Raphael, which had been purchased by her grandfather, Charles the firit. With this view the fent for Dorigny, the engraver, as this art was then but little cultivated in Britain. The reception he met with from the queen is well-known. She honoured him' with an apartment in the royal palace of Hampton court, vifited him from time to time, countenanced him on all occafions, and was the pa tronefs of his undertaking. After her death, king George the firft imitated the example of Anne; and, upon Dorigny's having completed his engravings, not only made him a very confiderable prefent, but conferred upon him the honour of knighthood. From the departure of this artift, who executed a work which will reflect lafting honour on Britain, the art of engraving again relapled into its former obfcurity, till toward the middle of this century; when it was revived afresh, by the introduction of other foreigners, together with the fuccefsful endeavours of feveral ingenious natives of thefe kingdoms. An Account of the illuftrious Family of BRUNSWIC: With a striking. Likeness of the Princess CAROLINE AMELIA ELISABETH, intended Princess of Wales, engraved by Tookey, from a Print by Schroeder of Brunswic. THE duchy of Brunfwic is fituated of Hanover, but the duchy of Brunf in the circle of Lower Saxony, in Germany. In its most extenfive fenfe, it includes the duchy of Hanover, the principality of Grubenhagen, and the counties of Blackenburg and Rheinftein. But in this compafs is included, not only the duchy of Brunfwic-Lunenburg, which belongs to the king of Great Britain, eledor wic-Woltenbuttle, whofe fovereign is the celebrated Charles William Ferdi. nand, a general in the Pruffian army, born October 9, 1735, and married January 16, 1764, to the princess Augufta, daughter of the late Frederic prince of Wales. The princes of these two illuftrious houses are defcended from Erneft duke F of Lunenburg and Zell, who died in 1546; the Wolfenbuttle branch from Henry the eldest fon, and the clectoral houfe of Hanover from William the youngeft. But notwithflanding the prefent diftinction of BrunfwicLunenburg and Brunfwic-Wolfenbuttle, the title of Brunfwic and Lunenburg is common to both, on account, as obferved above, of their being defcended from the fame family. His ferene highnefs Charles duke of Brunfwic, has four fons and two daughters, by the illuftrious filter of our fovereign; namely, 1. Augufta Carolina Frederica Louifa, born Dec. 3, 1764; 2. Charles George Auguftus, born Feb. 8, 1766; 3. Carolina Amelia Elifabeth (the intended confort of the prince of Wales) born May 17, 1768; 4. George William Chriftian, born June 27, 17695 5. Auguftus, born August 8, 1770; 6. William Frederic, born Oct. 9, 1771. On the 22d of November 1794, his majefty was pleafed, by commiffion under the great feal of Great Britain, to appoint the right hon. James lord Malmbury, to negotiate, conclude, and fign a treaty of marriage between his royal highness the prince of Wales and the princefs Caroline Amelia Elifabeth, daughter to the most illuftrious highnefs, the duke of Brunfwic and Lunenburg.'-His lordship proceeded, accordingly, to Brunfwic; on the 5th of December he made his public entry into that city, and demanded the princefs Caroline in marriage. The princefs, afterward, received the compliments of the court on the occafion. The treaty of marriage was fent to the court of London, and was fent back on the 16th finally ratified. A fmall fquadron of frigates, commanded by commodore Payne, having on board lady Jerfey, and other attendants, belonging to the houfehold of her highnefs, failed from Sheernefs, in order to convoy the royal yacht. The inclemency of the weather, however, obliged the commodore to put back to Sheerness. The princefs had been expected in England, in the early part of this month, and actually left Brunfwic, accompanied by the duchefs her mother, and attended by a great retinue, amid the tears-the acclamations of the populace. On their arrival at Piena, the duchess was taken ill, but foon recovered, so as to be able to proceed to the palace of Herrenhaufen, near Hanover, where they dined. On the 30th, they arrived, by eafy ftages, at Ofnaburg, where the epifcopal palace had been prepared for their reception. They afterward proceeded beyond Deventer, when an exprefs arrived from Hague, with an account of the alarming progrefs of the French, and to defire the royal travellers would return immediately to Brunfwic. We fhall be happy in being able foon to announce, that the journey has been refumed, and fill happier, that the illuftrious and long-expected princess has fafely arrived in this country. The portrait annexed is engraved from a print by Schroeder, which is efteemed a very striking likeness at Brunfwic. It has the following infcription: Caroline Amelia Elifabeth, Ducheffe de Bronfvic-Luneburg, Doyenne du Chapitre Imperiale de Quedlinburg; dedié a fon Alteffe Reverendiffime et Sereniffime Madame Augufte Dorothée, Abbeffe de Gandertheim et Prevôte de Quedlinburg, Duchefs de Bronfwic-Luneburg-Caroline Amelia Elifabeth, Duchefs of Brunswic-Lunenburg, Deanfs of the Imperial Chapter of Quedlinburg; dedicated to her molt reverend and moft Serene Highness, Madame Augufta Dorothea Abbels of Ganderfheim, and Provoft of Quedlinburg, Duchefs of Brunswic-Lunenburg." In Germany, all the fons and daughters of a duke and duchefs are dukes and ducheffes as well as their parents; which is the fame lo with inferior titles. UNIVERSALITY OF THE LOVE OF FAME. Etiam fapientibus, cupido gloriæ, novifima exuitur. TACITUS. HEN we obferve a principle manders, were to contradict the pofi lity of the paffion. The love of fame is nothing more than a defire to be thought well and spoken well of by the world; and this is inherent, more or lefs, in every man. The exceptions can only be in the cafe of men of the moit depraved characters. They may affect to defpife the good name of the world, but even with them it' is but an affectation. An author, who' feems to have been an acute observer, fays, that "Not only those who would recommend themselves by great actions and liberal arts, but even the lowest of mankind, and they who have gone out of the road, not only of ho nour, but alfo of common honefly, have ftill a remaining relish for praise and applaufe. For you may frequently obferve malefactors at an execution, even in that weight of shame and terror, preferve, as it were, a corner of their fouls, for the reception of pity, and die with the sturdy fatisfaction of not appearing to bend at the calamity; or, perhaps, to defert their accomplices, by the facrifice and betraying of whofe lives we frequently fee they might have faved their own. By which laft inftance (that the bafeft of men have ftill fomething punctilious to them) we may obferve that the fenfe of fame and confcience is never quite killed; but that when we come to the worst, we have only carried them into another intereft, and turned our gratifications that way only to different objects." racter which is univerfal, which prevails more or less in all minds, we are ready to conclude, without actual proof, or much confideration of the subject, that it was planted there for good and wife purposes; and this conclufion we fhall be juftified in drawing, although we fhould fail in proving that it is always employed to the best of purposes, or although we fhould be forced to confefs, that it is often applied to the very worst. Of fuch principles, the love of fame appears to be the moft ftriking, because it gives occafions to actions more obvious than any others to common obfervation, and because it endures the longeft in the mind, being frequently as active in the decline, as in the vigour of life, and because, in one shape or another, all men are influenced by it. The fear of fhame, one might be inclined to fuppofe, was a fimilar paffion, or the fame expreffed in other words, but it appears upon the whole to be rather an accompaniment of the love of fame, in good minds. And hence is the diftinction between good and bad men in the pursuit of fame; the former never wishing to attain it but by honeft means, for fear of fhame, the latter being eager to attain it by any means, and regardless of the delicate obftacles of goodness and humanity. With the former, it is honeft emulation, with the latter deftructive ambition. Hence alfo the diftinction which all hiftorians place between the characters of heroes; between the heroic tyrant whofe object was to conquer at the expence of the happiness of mankind, and the heroic patriot whofe triumphs were the triumphs of humanity over oppreffion. But to confine the love of fame to heroes, to statesmen, or great com From what has been already advanced, the difference may be comprehended between the love of fame, and of honour, or reputation. Fame is, indeed, a paffion effentially different from either; more nearly allied, perhaps, to honour than to reputation, but it may exift, and the highest fame may be obtained, without either. Fame is not fo much the defire of being applauded for probity and good. nefs (that is reputation) as it is of Fanding prominent in the ranks of life, and acting one of the principal parts upon the theatre of the world; and whether the character we act be good or bad, no more concerns the man who is ambitious of fame, than it does the common actor upon the ftage. It is fufficient for both that it is the principal character, that which most attracts the eyes and attention of the public. Reputation is fi'ent and inactive, unlef called forth upon fome special occafion: Fame is very bufy, and is ever to be heard either whi pering or clamouring. Many inen have courted fame, as others court their millreffes, for their beauty or their riches, and are perfectly regardless of the means of attainment. Had men of vait fame been attentive to the means of arriving at it, had they listened to reputation, and courted honour, the page of history would have wanted many of thofe fplendid embellishments which captivate us in the tyle of a writer who catches a portion of the dignity of his tubject to fublime his fentiments, and an mate his narrative. But although men of fuch ambition defpife the diftinctions between honourable and dishonourable fame, the world will make them, and when the brilliancy of great actions no longer dazzles, a just eftimate is formed. When at school we are charmed with the details of the triumphs of the Romans, In maturer years, we learn to defpife a people who, in the moment of victory, forgot the call of humanity. We defpife Paulus Emilius making his public entry into Rome, with Perfeus and his infant family at his chariot wheels; but we admire our own black Prince, when he conducted the captive Gallic monarch into London. In the lapfe of time between those two events, the world had improved in its notions of heroic fame, Heroes became merciful men; and favage, indeed, muft that mind be, whom victory cannot footh into lenity. Men of fpeculation, in their clofets, have decried the love of fame; they have termed it an empty bubble, an unfubftantial fomething which ferves to bewilder enthutiaftic minds; and fome have even infinuated that it is contrary to reason and religion. All this appears to be ill-founded. It does not appear to be contrary to reafon, because that which is agreeable to the common confent of all mankind in all ages, that which dwells in the nobleft and most upright minds, must be fomething reafonable in itfelf; and, if able to abuse, in that refpect it only partakes of the nature of every thing in itself good and harmless. Nor is there any proof that it is contrary to religion: religion forbids not the most active exertions of virtue; and the applause and publicity which follow them is as natural and as unavoidable as the light and heat which attends the rifing. of the fun, or the cheerfulness which that luminary fheds over the creation. Religion enjoins us to practice the heroic virtues, to rife fuperior to the petty interests of felf, and to the importunities of enslaving passions. What religion enjoins, religion alfo bids ust applaud and record, and this is fame. We are liable, however, to despise fame, as we despise immense wealth, and exalted rank, because we confine it to a certain fmall clafs of men, whofe bold flights we defpair of attaining. But fame, as has been al ready faid, is not confined to thofe men who are deemed worthy of a place in hiftory. As every man is more or lefs inclined to obtain fame, so likewife he has it in his power, in proportion to his fituation. The merchant, whofe credit is known over all Europe, has acquired great fame; nor is it the lefs because he will not be fo frequently noticed, in the history of Europe, as the late king of Prussia. There is a private, or domeftic, as well as a public fame. John Wesley |