in wagons, as they can find pasture and forage i their cattle, and live upon milk, and flesh roasted the sun, at the pommels of their saddles; or a ru and unpolished America, peopled with slothful a naked Indians-instead of well-built houses, living pitiful huts and cabins, made of poles set end-wa then surely the brute beast's condition and manner living, to which what we have mentioned doth nea approach, is to be esteemed better than man's, a wit and reason was in vain bestowed on him.

[All Things not Made for Man.]

There are infinite other creatures without this ea which no considerate man can think were made for man, and have no other use. For my part, I not believe that all the things in the world wer made for man, that they have no other use.

sallading; for delectable flowers, to gratify the eye without plantations, without corn-fields or vineyard with their agreeable colours and figures, and thy scent where the roving hordes of the savage and trucule with their fragrant odours; for odoriferous and ever-inhabitants transfer themselves from place to pla green shrubs and suffrutices; for exotic and medicinal plants of all sorts; and dispose them in that comely order as may be most pleasant to behold, and commodious for access. I have furnished thee with all materials for building, as stone, and timber, and slate, and lime, and clay, and earth, whereof to make bricks and tiles. Deck and bespangle the country with houses and villages convenient for thy habitation, provided with out-houses and stables for the harbouring and shelter of thy cattle, with barns and granaries for the reception, and custody, and storing up thy corn and fruits. I have made thee a sociable creature, zoon politikon, for the improvement of thy understanding by conference, and communication of observations and experiments; for mutual help, assistance, and defence, build thee large towns and cities with straight and well-paved streets, and elegant rows of houses, adorned with magnificent temples for my honour and worship, with beautiful palaces For it seems to me highly absurd and unreason for thy princes and grandees, with stately halls for to think that bodies of such vast magnitude as public meetings of the citizens and their several com- fixed stars were only made to twinkle to us; na panies, and the sessions of the courts of judicature, multitude of them there are, that do not so muc besides public porticos and aqueducts. I have im- twinkle, being, either by reason of their distanc planted in thy nature a desire of seeing strange and of their smallness, altogether invisible to the na foreign, and finding out unknown countries, for the eye, and only discoverable by a telescope; and improvement and advance of thy knowledge in geo-likely, perfecter telescopes than we yet have may graphy, by observing the bays, and creeks, and havens, and promontories, the outlets of rivers, the situation of the maritime towns and cities, the longitude and latitude, &c., of those places; in politics, by noting their government, their manners, laws, and customs, their diet and medicine, their trades and manufactures, their houses and buildings, their exercises and sports, &c. In physiology, or natural history, by searching out their natural rarities, the productions both of land and water, what species of animals, plants, and minerals, of fruits and drugs, are to be found there, what commodities for bartering and permutation, whereby thou mayest be enabled to make large additions to natural history, to advance those other sciences, and to benefit and enrich thy country by increase of its trade and merchandise. I have given thee timber and iron to build the hulls of ships, tall trees for masts, flax and hemp for sails, cables and cordage for rigging. I have armed thee with courage and hardiness to attempt the seas, and traverse the spacious plains of that liquid element; I have assisted thee with a compass, to direct thy course when thou shalt be out of all ken of land, and have nothing in view but sky and water. Go thither for the purposes before-mentioned, and bring home what may be useful and beneficial to thy country in general, or thyself in particular.'

1 persuade myself, that the bountiful and gracious Author of man's being and faculties, and all things else, delights in the beauty of his creation, and is well pleased with the industry of man, in adorning the earth with beautiful cities and castles, with pleasant villages and country-houses, with regular gardens, and orchards, and plantations of all sorts of shrubs, and herbs, and fruits, for meat, medicine, or moderate delight; with shady woods and groves, and walks set with rows of elegant trees; with pastures clothed with flocks, and valleys covered over with corn, and meadows burthened with grass, and whatever else differenceth a civil and well-cultivated region from a barren and desolate wilderness.

b

to light many more; and who knows how many
out of the ken of the best telescope that can poss
be made? And I believe there are many specie
nature, even in this sublunary world, which were n
yet taken notice of by man, and consequently of no
to him, which yet we are not to think were create
vain; but may be found out by, and of use to, t
who shall live after us in future ages. But the
in this sense it be not true that all things were n
for man, yet thus far it is, that all the creature.
the world may be some way or other useful to us
least to exercise our wits and understandings
considering and contemplating of them, and so at
us subject of admiring and glorifying their and
Maker. Seeing, then, we do believe and assert t
all things were in some sense made for us, we
thereby obliged to make use of them for those p
poses for which they serve us, else we frustrate t
end of their creation. Now, some of them se
only to exercise our minds. Many others there
which might probably serve us to good purp
whose uses are not discovered, nor are they ever 1
to be, without pains and industry. True it is, ma
of the greatest inventions have been accidenta
stumbled upon, but not by men supine and carele
but busy and inquisitive. Some reproach methi
it is to learned men, that there should be so ma
animals still in the world whose outward shape is i
yet taken notice of or described, much less theu a
of generation, food, manners, uses, observed

verbs, and, in 1700, A Persuasive to a Holy Late T
Ray published, in 1672, a Collection of English P
latter possesses the same rational and solid charact
which distinguishes his scientific and physico-the
logical works. From a posthumous volume of
correspondence published by Derham, we extra
the following affecting letter, written on his deat
bed to Sir Hans Sloane:-

'Dear Sir-The best of friends. These are to tal a final leave of you as to this world: I look up If a country thus planted and adorned, thus myself as a dying man. God requite your kindne polished and civilised, thus improved to the height by expressed anyways towards me a hundredfold; ble all manner of culture for the support and sustenance, you with a confluence of all good things in th and convenient entertainment of innumerable multi-world, and eternal life and happiness hereafter; gra tudes of people, be not to be preferred before a bar- us a happy meeting in heaven. I am, Sir, eternall barous and inhospitable Scythia, without houses, yours-JOHN RAY.

a merry and facetious companion, his society was greatly courted, and he was a distinguished composer of jovial and party songs. In the 29th number of The Guardian,' Steele mentions a collection of sonnets published under the title of Laugh and be Fat, or Pills to Purge Melancholy; at the same time censuring the world for ungratefully neglecting to reward the jocose labours of D'Urfey, who was so large a contributor to this treatise, and to whose humorous productions so many rural squires in the remotest part of this island are obliged for the dignity and state which corpulency gives them.' In the 67th number of the same work, Addison humorously solicits the attendance of his readers at a play for D'Urfey's benefit. The produce seems to have relieved the necessities of the poet, who continued to give forth his drolleries till his death in 1723. TOM BROWN, who died in 1704, was a merry fellow' and libertine, who, having by his immoral conduct lost the situation of schoolmaster at Kingston-uponThames, became a professional author and libeller in the metropolis. His writings, which consist of dialogues, letters, poems, and other miscellanies, display considerable learning as well as shrewdness and humour, but are deformed by obscene and scurrilous buffoonery. From the ephemeral nature of the subjects, very few of them can now be perused with interest; indeed the following extracts comprise nearly all the readable passages that can with delicacy be presented in these modern times.

which was two hundred years a-building; therefore, gentlemen, lavish not away all your praises, I beseech you, upon one man, but allow others their share. Why, thou diminutive inconsiderable wretch, said I in a great passion to him, thou worthless idle loggerhead, thou pigmy in sin, thou Tom Thumb in iniquity, how dares such a puny insect, as thou art, have the impudence to enter the lists with Louis le Grand! Thou valuest thyself upon firing a church, but how! when the mistress of the house was gone out to assist Olympias. 'Tis plain, thou hadst not the courage to do it when the goddess was present, and upon the spot. But what is this to what my royal master can boast of, that had destroyed a hundred and a hundred such foolish fabrics in his time.

He had no sooner made his exit, but, cries an odd sort of a spark, with his hat buttoned up before, like a country scraper, Under favour, sir, what do you think of me? Why, who are you? replied I to him. Who am I, answered he; why, Nero, the sixth emperor of Rome, that murdered my Come, said I to him, to stop your prating, I know your history as well as yourself, that murdered your mother, kicked your wife down stairs, despatched two apostles out of the world, begun the first persecution against the Christians, and lastly, put your master Seneca to death. [These actions are made light of, and the sarcastic shade proceeds-] Whereas, his most Christian majesty, whose advocate I am resolved to be against all opposers whatever, has bravely and generously starved a million of poor Hugonots at home, and sent t'other million of [Letter from Scarron in the Next World to Louis XIV.] solemn edicts, and repeated promises, for no other them a-grazing into foreign countries, contrary to All the conversation of this lower world at present provocation, that I know of, but because they were runs upon you; and the devil a word we can hear in such coxcombs as to place him upon the throne. In any of our coffee-houses, but what his Gallic majesty short, friend Nero, thou mayest pass for a rogue of is more or less concerned in. 'Tis agreed on by all the third or fourth class; but be advised by a stranger, our virtuosos, that since the days of Dioclesian, no and never show thyself such a fool as to dispute the prince has been so great a benefactor to hell as your-pre-eminence with Louis le Grand, who has murdered self; and as much a master of eloquence as I was once more men in his reign, let me tell thee, than thou hast thought to be at Paris, I want words to tell you how murdered tunes, for all thou art the vilest thrummer much you are commended here for so heroically tramp-upon cat-gut the sun ever beheld. However, to give ling under foot the treaty of Ryswick, and opening a new scene of war in your great climacteric, at which age most of the princes before you were such recreants, as to think of making up their scores with heaven, and leaving their neighbours in peace. But you, they say, are above such sordid precedents; and rather than Pluto should want men to people his dominions, are willing to spare him half a million of your own subjects, and that at a juncture, too, when you are not overstocked with them.

This has gained you a universal applause in these regions; the three Furies sing your praises in every street: Bellona swears there's never a prince in Christendom worth hanging besides yourself; and Charon bustles for you in all companies. He desired me about a week ago to present his most humble respects to you, adding, that if it had not been for your majesty, he, with his wife and children, must long ago been quartered upon the parish; for which reason he duly drinks your health every morning in a cup of cold Styx next his conscience.

Last week, as I was sitting with some of my acquaintance in a public-house, after a great deal of impertinent chat about the affairs of the Milanese, and the intended siege of Mantua, the whole company fell a-talking of your majesty, and what glorious exploits you had performed in your time. Why, gentlemen, says an ill-looked rascal, who proved to be Herostratus, for Pluto's sake let not the grand monarch run away with all your praises. I have done something memorable in my time too; 'twas I who, out of the gaieté de cœur, and to perpetuate my name, fired the famous temple of the Ephesian Diana, and in two hours consumed that magnificent structure,

the devil his due, I will say it before thy face, and behind thy back, that if thou hadst reigned as many years as my gracious master has done, and hadst had, instead of Tigellinus, a Jesuit or two to have governed thy conscience, thou mightest, in all probability, have made a much more magnificent figure, and been inferior to none but the mighty monarch I have been talking of.

Having put my Roman emperor to silence, I looked about me, and saw a pack of grammarians (for so I guessed them to be by their impertinence and noise) disputing it very fiercely at the next table; the matter in debate was, which was the most heroical age; and one of them, who valued himself very much upon his reading, maintained, that the heroical age, properly so called, began with the Theban, and ended with the Trojan war, in which compass of time that glorious constellation of heroes, Hercules, Jason, Theseus, Tidæus, with Agamemnon, Ajax, Achilles, Hector, Troilus, and Diomedes flourished; men that had all signalised themselves by their personal gallantry and valour. His next neighbour argued very fiercely for the age wherein Alexander founded the Grecian monarchy, and saw so many noble generals and commanders about him. The third was as obstreperous for that of Julius Cæsar, and managed his argument with so much heat, that I expected every minute when these puppies would have gone to loggerheads in good earnest. To put an end to your controversy, gentlemen, says I to them, you may talk till your lungs are foundered; but this I positively assert, that the present age we live in is the most heroical age, and that my master, Louis le Grand, is the greatest hero of it. Hark you me, sir, how do you make that appear i