COMMUNIST INTERROGATION, INDOCTRINATION AND EXPLOITATION OF AMERICAN MILITARY AND CIVILIAN PRISONERS GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS. EIGHTY-FOURTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION JUNE 19, 20, 26, AND 27, 1956 Printed for the use of the Committee on Government Operations COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS JOHN L. MCCLELLAN, Arkansas, Chairman HENRY M. JACKSON, Washington JOSEPH R. MCCARTHY, Wisconsin WALTER L. REYNOLDS, Chief Clerk PERMANENT SUBCOMMITTEE ON INVESTIGATIONS HENRY M. JACKSON, Washington II JOSEPH R. MCCARTHY, Wisconsin ROBERT F. KENNEDY, Chief Counsel R.V. S. 27 25 CONTENTS 8. Chart, Effects of Detention Regimen on Prisoner. 9. Chart, Interrogation Procedures and Prisoner Reactions. 10. Chart, Primary Work of the Interrogator. 11. Chart, Comparison of Methods of Chinese With Methods 12. Chart, A Typical Timetable-Chinese Communist Secret 12A. Chart, A Typical Timetable- -Chinese Communist Secret 13. Chart, Some Features of People Who Have Been Especially Amendable to Chinese Communist Indoctrination___ 14. Report by Drs. Lawrence E. Hinkle, Jr., and Harold G. Wolff, 15. Form which Chinese Communists required American prisoners 16. Department of the Army Pamphlet No. 30-101, Communist Interrogation, Indoctrination, and Exploitation of Prisoners *May be found in the files of the subcommittee. III COMMUNIST INTERROGATION, INDOCTRINATION, AND EXPLOITATION OF AMERICAN CIVILIAN AND MILI TARY PRISONERS TUESDAY, JUNE 19, 1956 UNITED STATES SENATE, PERMANENT SUBCOMMITTEE ON INVESTIGATIONS, OF THE COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS, Washington, D. C. The subcommittee met at 10:20 a. m., pursuant to Senate Resolution 188, agreed to February 16, 1956, in Room 357, Senate Office Building, Senator John L. McClellan (chairman) presiding. Present: Senator John L. McClellan, Democrat, Arkansas, chairman; Senator Joseph R. McCarthy, Republican, Wisconsin; Senator Karl E. Mundt, Republican, South Dakota; Senator George H. Bender, Republican, Ohio. Present also: Robert F. Kennedy, chief counsel; James N. Juliana, chief counsel to the minority; Donald F. O'Donnell, assistant chief counsel; Ruth Y. Watt, chief clerk. The CHAIRMAN. The subcommittee will come to order. This morning we are beginning a series of public hearings concerning the treatment of prisoners, both civilian and military, by various Communist governments. The subcommittee further expects to show the techniques that are employed by the Soviet Union in the handling of those of its prisoners accused of crimes against the state. All aspects will be fully explored, including the arrest procedure, the detention of the suspect, the imposed physical isolation, and the mental pressures that are applied. Because of the large number of prisoners, both civilian and military, that have been held by Communist China over the past 5 years, the subcommittee expects to place particular emphasis on the treatment of these individuals. During the 3 years of the Korean war some 7,190 Americans were captured by the Communists. Approximately one-third of this number died while in Communist hands. Of the 4,428 that survived and were repatriated, over 95 percent were subjected to a well-planned and well-organized campaign to destroy their belief in God, their loyalty to the United States and their faith in the democratic way of life. We expect to establish that the Chinese Communists, by their immoral, unethical and illegal methods of interrogation and indoctrination, attempted to create in the prison camps an environment of fear, confusion, and mutual distrust. By these series of hearings we expect to expose not only for the people here in the United States, but for the people throughout the 1 |