I am going to make a short statement on the subject on the floor of the Senate.

CHAIRMAN'S OPENING STATEMENT

Now I have a short opening statement, after which the witnesses will be sworn.

Today the subcommittee continues its study of the military troop information and education program, which is the second of the three phases of this inquiry. I attach extreme importance to a sound and effective program to inform military personnel of the superiority of the American way of life as compared to that of the opposing Communist ideology. It is my conviction and sincere hope that the activities of the subcommittee will make a substantial contribution to a more effective and adequate troop information program. It is clear, I believe, that to be effective fighting men, our troops must be prepared mentally and morally as well as militarily.

The witnesses who will appear before us today have detailed and expert knowledge in the troop information field and they should do much to throw light upon the difficult problem with which we are confronted. These witnesses also have detailed and intimate knowledge of the experiences of our prisoners of war in the Korean action and the crises which they faced in that conflict. We believe that their views and opinions upon the basic and fundamental reasons for the behavior of the Korean prisoners of war will aid us in determining the requirements of our troop information program today.

However, I wish to make it abundantly clear that we do not intend to make an examination in depth of the details of the experiences of the Korean prisoners of war. This has been adequately and efficiently done by other congressional committees as well as by noncongressional agencies in the past and it is not our purpose to duplicate their efforts. We are interested only in determining what light the Korean experience will shed upon troop information_requirements for today and for the future. Our inquiry into the Korean experiences is to be viewed in that light as it is only one of the many factors which we must consider.

The witnesses for today are Lt. Col. William E. Mayer, of the Medical Corps of the U.S. Army, who is currently stationed at the Medical Field Service School, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Tex., and Brig. Gen. S. L. A. Marshall who is now in the Retired Reserve of the U.S. Army and makes his home in Detroit, Mich.

Lieutenant Colonel Mayer will be the first witness.

I will ask both Colonel Mayer and General Marshall to stand and be sworn. Will you come forward, please, gentlemen. Do you and each of you solemnly swear that your testimony before this subcommittee will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you God?

Colonel MAYER. I do.

General MARSHALL. I do.

Senator STENNIS. All right, Lieutenant Colonel Mayer will be the first witness. You take a seat at the table, Colonel. General Marshall, you make yourself at home here. You do not have to sit at the table. You may sit where you wish.

Members of the subcommittee, I understand, as I have said, that these witnesses are going to get down to the details of their experiences with reference to the program that we are studying. I think their testimony is going to be rather lengthy. I think that the two of them together will present a balanced perspective of the situation.

SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING SCHEDULE

Now, may the Chair say a word about our future sessions. The Chairman understands there is scheduled to begin today, a discussion of the proposed constitutional amendment to outlaw the poll tax. I think this will bring up all related subjects with reference to voting requirements, including the statutory provisions on the subject matter as well as the proposal to ban all literacy tests as voting requirements, except the requirement of 6 years in school.

Of course, that is a very far-reaching and important matter to all of us. It is certainly considered important by the Chair. The Chairman feels that his place of duty during all of that debate upon those subjects, is on the floor of the Senate. That is where I will have to be. Now, if we can work out any arrangement within that necessary requirement that will keep our hearings in progress, I want to do it. But we will just have to take those steps as we come to them, and I am going to ask the subcommittee to excuse me here a little before 12 o'clock and

Senator SALTONSTALL. Mr. Chairman

Senator STENNIS (continuing). And then I may go to the floor to see just what is going to happen.

Senator SALTON STALL. Will the Senator vield?

Senator STENNIS. I will be glad to yield to Senator Saltonstall. Senator SALTONSTALL. I would say as one member of the committee and one on this side of the aisle, I respect the way the chairman has been handling these meetings. I hope the other members of the committee would agree with me that we hold ourselves in readiness when the Chair calls the meeting. If he is detained on the floor of the Senate on important business, I would hope that the committee might stand in recess until he personally can be present to conduct these hearings which he has done so very well. We know that this matter on the Senate floor is of great importance to him and to his State. So I hope that the other members will agree with me that when the Senator feels he has to go to the floor, that we recess subject to his call, and I will make that as a motion.

Senator STENNIS. I thank the Senator. However, I think we should hold that motion in abeyance for the time being until there has been more chance to discuss it. I haven't discussed this with any of you, as the members know.

Senator SALTONSTALL. Mr. Chairman, I don't think it takes discussion. I really make the motion now. I don't see that we need to hold it off. I would hope that the Chair would hold the committee in recess until he can be present and take charge of the meeting, and when he feels he has to be on the floor, then we recess subject to his call. There is a quorum present, and I make that as a motion.

Senator STENNIS. Senator, if I may respond, it has been quite burdensome to the membership of this subcommittee, because each of you

has so many other assignments that it makes it a burden for you to attend. I greatly apreciate what you have done in attending, but the debate on the floor can run for weeks. I think it will raise the whole issue. Some will put up one flag and someone else will raise their flag. Senator SALTONSTALL. I say most respectfully that if the subject of debate on the floor of the Senate runs, we will say, for a greater period of time than the balance of this week, then the chairman will call the committee together and determine what course to follow at that time. I make that as an amendment to my motion.

Senator STENNIS. All right. If that is agreeable, that will be the decision for this week. I think when the debate commences and the bill is brought up, it will last far beyond this. week. I think you have made a good suggestion. We can lay the groundwork now so everyone will know what the plans will be for this week. If the debate goes beyond this week, we can make additional plans. Is that agreeable to the subcommittee as a temporary proposition for this week?

All right, without objection, then, that will be the rule for this week.

All right. Thank you very much, members of the subcommittee. TESTIMONY OF LT. COL. WILLIAM E. MAYER, MEDICAL CORPS OF THE U.S. ARMY

MAYER UNABLE TO EXPLAIN PUBLIC RELEASE OF STATEMENT

Senator STENNIS. Now, I understand, Colonel Mayer, you do not have a prepared statement.

Colonel MAYER. Well, sir, I do have a statement based

Senator STENNIS. I mean a written statement that you could give to the subcommittee now. Is that right?

Colonel MAYER. Only the one I have already submitted to Mr. Kendall, which is rather long.

Senator STENNIS. You do not have one yet that is ready to hand to the press and to the members of the subcommittee.

Colonel MAYER. Yes; I believe this statement is available for members of the press.

Senator STENNIS. Well, I had understood, and Mr. Kendall, chief counsel, said that he had understood that you did not have a prepared statement ready. If so, we would have had it mimeographed for distribution if we had gotten it in time. Does the press have one? Senator SMITH. Mr. Chairman

Senator STENNIS. Senator Smith?

Senator SMITH. Mr. Chairman, I read in the newspaper this morning that the press had already had the statement and had received it yesterday. I thought it was rather strange that the press would have the statement before the members of the committee.

Senator STENNIS. Do you know how that happened, Colonel?
Colonel MAYER. No, sir.

SENATE RULE ON STATEMENTS TO COMMITTEES

Senator STENNIS. The rule is, and I understand it is the rule of the Senate, that a statement has to be submitted first to the subcommittee.

Colonel MAYER. Yes, sir.

Senator STENNIS. And it becomes, then, the property of the subcommittee and subject to distribution as the subcommittee sees fit. Here is a situation where your statement has been released to the press and the chairman and the counsel didn't know about that. Now, I am not blaming you.

QUESTION OF ERRONEOUS PRESS ACCOUNT OF REPORT TO THE

SUBCOMMITTEE

Senator THURMOND. Mr. Chairman, does that apply also to the reports of the armed services to the committee? They have had them in the paper ahead of time, too, I notice. I noticed yesterday they had a quote saying that I had erred in some statements asked of the witness, of General Dodge. It was in last night's paper in big headlines in the front of the Star. Had the committee gotten that report? Senator STENNIS. No, sir.

Senator THURMOND. And how did that get out to the paper? Mr. KENDALL. I have no idea. We did not receive the report. Senator THURMOND. I would like to say I have replied to this and I would like each member to read my statement that what was in the paper was absolutely incorrect.

Senator STENNIS. Certainly, Senator. The time to correct those things is immediately, and we appreciate it. I didn't know about the incident at all. I had been out of the city until yesterday.

MAYER REPORT OF

SUBCOMMITTEE STAFF INTERVIEW MISTAKEN AS
PREPARED STATEMENT

All right, Colonel. If you have a statement, you may proceed to read it. The Chair would like to have a copy for each member. May I recognize Senator Smith.

Senator SMITH. Mr. Chairman, in the story that I read in the paper this morning, it referred to the statement having been a secret statement in our secret files since November. It may have been that we were given a copy then. I don't recall it.

Senator STENNIS. Well, the chief counsel hands me a copy now which is Report of Interview with Investigators, November 7, 1961. He says this gentleman was interviewed at length and thereafter filed a written report. We have had that in the file, Mrs. Smith, I assume, since that time.

Senator SMITH. Was it sent to the members of the committee? Senator STENNIS. No. I don't think it has been, Mrs. Smith. Senator SMITH. Is the name of the staff member attached to it? Senator STENNIS. No; I don't believe it is. Who is the staff member?

Mr. KENDALL. This report was prepared by Colonel Mayer after our interview and it is addressed to me, Senator Smith. I would like to say again that the subcommittee did not release this report. I talked to the Department of the Army yesterday and inquired whether or not Colonel Mayer would have a prepared statement. The reply was in the negative. I talked to Colonel Mayer this morning and he advised me that, although his presentation would generally follow the format of that which he had previously filed with the subcommit

tee, he did not believe in reading statements and that he would speak more or less extemporaneously within the framework of what he had previously filed. Is this correct, Colonel Mayer?

Colonel MAYER. That is correct, Mr. Kendall. Thank you.

Senator STENNIS. Well, Mrs. Smith, it is the policy of the subcommittee to get matters to the members as soon as we know they are coming up. However, it appears that there was some uncertainty and some confusion as to this report and this gentleman's testimony. And may I hand you now

Senator SMITH. No. It is too late now. It is of no value to me. I would rather listen to it. Thank you.

Senator STENNIS. Ordinarily the rule is, as I have said, that statements are to be submitted in advance. I am sorry that you did not get it in time, but the information was that he would not have a written statement.

Now, I don't know how your statement was handled and we waive all that now, but the subcommittee will reserve the right to assert itself with reference to other witnesses at any time. All right, Colonel.

DISCUSSION ON MEDARIS MAGAZINE ARTICLE

Senator THURMOND. Mr. Chairman, could I ask a question? Some time back I made a motion to place in the record the testimony of Admiral Radford and General Almond. I have seen big headlines in the paper about other people such as General Medaris. I did not know that General Medaris had even been contacted. I presume the chairman did that.

Senator STENNIS. Yes. He was one of those that we wrote. Senator THURMOND. Did someone suggest his name to the chairman or did the Army suggest it or how did you get it?

Senator STENNIS. No. My best recollection is that the Chairman wrote down the names of a great many outstanding military personalities that the Chairman knew and had been associated with. Later there were some added to the list. I don't know whether General Medaris was on the original list or whether he was added later.

Senator THURMOND. I had not seen any account of Admiral Radford's statement in the paper either even in small headlines, or General Almond either.

Senator STENNIS. Yes. The next day after the meeting at which you brought those statements to the Chairman's attention, they were put in the record and copies of each were given to the press. I thought you were there. I remember doing it but I don't remember whether you were present.

Mr. KENDALL. Mr. Chairman

Senator STENNIS. All right.

Mr. KENDALL. With reference to General Medaris, the statement which he furnished was not solicited by the subcommittee. I understand that he had prepared it as an article for publication in a monthly magazine and it was published. The article was sent to us because he had prepared it for the magazine. The publicity about it came, not from a release from the subcommittee, but because of the fact that the article did appear in print, Senator. We have a copy. We requested his permission to put it in our record but it has not been put in.