Mr. RUNGE. We would submit them, Mr. Kendall, to the Security Review Office, and in turn, they would go to the Department of State. Mr. KENDALL. In other words, by and large, they would go through the same review process that a proposed speech by a military officer would go through? Mr. RUNGE. Yes, sir. Mr. KENDALL. Do you know what percent of the materials which have been produced by your office since you took over have gone to the Department of State for review? Mr. RUNGE. No; I do not. COORDINATION OF TROOP INFORMATION ACTIVITIES WITH INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES Mr. KENDALL. Now, in producing your materials, to what extent does your office coordinate with the intelligence people? Mr. RUNGE. We do have effective, I believe, coordination with the intelligence agencies. Mr. KENDALL. Could you give us an example of how that works? Mr. RUNGE. Yes. In the first place, organizationally, Mr. Broger has a special assistant on his staff who has that particular responsibility; a special assistant for intelligence matters. Mr. KENDALL. How long has he had that assistant? Mr. RUNGE. I believe, sir, subject to correction, since June. Mr. RUNGE. Yes, sir. I want to be accurate in my response. Mr. Katzenbach indicates that in June, we started looking for an individual, that we have actually had the position filled, an officer in this assignment, since approximately September 1961. Mr. KENDALL. All right, sir. Go ahead. I interrupted you, I believe. Mr. RUNGE. The coordination with the intelligence agencies, until the establishment of a Defense Intelligence Agency, was done through Defense Establishment channels. We now have a Defense Intelligence Agency and this officer has direct coordinating lines with DIA. I should also add that Mr. Broger himself has had extensive intelligence experience in his own career background, as well as Mr. Katzenbach, for example, spent a year during the Korean war as Admiral Radford's briefing officer as an active marine. But I just wanted a bit of supplementary information. To give you an example of how this coordination is used, on a recent film that we have produced, "Communist Target, Youth," there was a direct working liaison with the intelligence officers of the services, the other intelligence agencies of the Government, and with the Director-Designate of the DIA. I think Mr. Broger, when you have the opportunity to question him, can give you more working details on this particular point. Mr. KENDALL. Thank you, Mr. Secretary. I am advised by the chairman that my time has expired for this round. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GENERATIONS Senator STENNIS. Mr. Secretary, as I said, I think you and Mr. Katzenbach have filed statements here that will bear study and we doubtless will have more questions to ask, or inquiries to submit to you. Mr. Katzenbach, on the top of page 2 of your statement, just what do you mean when you state that each generation has differences with the one which preceded it. Do you mean they are different or that they have different problems? Mr. KATZENBACH. They have different problems, sir. I was specifically thinking, when I wrote that particular part, about the differences that I have occasionally with my own son on a variety of matters. Senator STENNIS. I thought that was the meaning you had in mind. ORIENTATION MATERIALS FOR TROOPS SERVING ABROAD Now, if you will turn to page 3, the second sentence beginning on that page reads, We have projected the pamphlets, films, and orientation materials for troops going abroad that we will be putting out over the next few years. Mr. KATZENBACH. Yes, sir. Senator STENNIS. Now, I like the idea of advance preparation, having it prepared and all, but can you do it for a period of several years or a few years into the future? Mr. KATZENBACH. Yes, sir, we can. Senator STENNIS. You do not firm it up, though, I imagine. Mr. KATZENBACH. Oh, no, sir; we cannot firm it up positively. But our materials get out of date. For example, if we put out an orientation pamphlet on Turkey, there may be a few changes over the next few years so that the pamphlet may get out of date. That is what I had in mind. Senator STENNIS. That is what I had in mind, that you have a shifting scene all the time. USE OF RADIOS, TELEVISION, AND PRESS OUTLETS Now, down to the middle of page 3, you say that your outlets for radio, television, and press are in New York and Los Angeles. That is all right, but how much of your time or your department's time, is occupied by that program, that is, television, radio, and press reports? I remember once hearing the world series game broadcast as I was flying enroute from Rome to Frankfurt in the night in a troop transport. It was a fine illustration of morale-building. So I heartily approve your program. But I did not envision this as taking a great deal of your time, for instance. Mr. KATZENBACH. Oh, yes, sir; it is taking quite a bit of my time. For example, I spent 3 days at a conference this past year in Los Angeles on just this problem. I have spent a number of days in New York. I have spent a number of days reading over the squibs which we put in our programs so that I would be familiar with them and know a good deal about them. Senator STENNIS. I believe, if I may interrupt you, that it would be worth while if you would submit a special statement or memorandum outlining this for us. Mr. KATZENBACH. Yes, sir. Senator STENNIS. I do not know that we will get primarily into this part of your program, because it is not in context, but if you will prepare us a memorandum on that, I think it will be quite helpful to us. Mr. KATZENBACH. Yes, sir. (The memorandum requested is as follows:) ACTIVITIES OF AFRTS Two field offices-one in New York known as Armed Forces Press, Radio and Television Service (AFPRTS), and one in Los Angeles known as Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (AFRTS), assist the Directorate for Armed Forces Information and Education in carrying out its responsibilities in the implementation of national policy as promulgated by the Department of Defense. Their mission is: (a) To provide programs of information, education, and entertainment to U.S. Armed Forces personnel overseas, and in specified military and veterans' hospitals in the United States, as well as certain isolated areas within the ZI, where U.S. commercial radio and television are not available or adequate; (b) To provide a central agency for advice and assistance to AFRTS outlets in matters of programing and operations; (c) To conduct shortwave broadcasting; (d) To maintain liaison with the radio and television industry. The Armed Forces Radio and Television Service reaches our Armed Forces around the world in three ways (1) shortwave broadcasts; (2) radio and (3) television. Details of methods used are as follow: (1) Shortwave.-AFRTS shortwave is one of the world's most powerful radio stations. Sixteen and one-half hours of news, special events, sports, and music are beamed live each day from AFRTS-LA direct to the Pacific and the Far East areas, as well as to the Aleutians and Alaska. Eight hours of broadcasts of a similar nature are beamed from studios in AFPRTS-NY to service personnel stationed in the North Atlantic, Central and Southern Europe, North Africa, and the Mediterranean. Voice of America transmitters located on the east and west coasts are utilized for this purpose by New York and Los Angeles. News and sports programing, including world series, bowl games, Army-Navy games, etc., are utilized on AFRTS shortwave. Military personnel aboard ships at sea and in areas not served by local AFRTS outlets may hear the broadcasts direct. Frequently, both direct listeners and those hearing programing relayed through their local outlets are listening to top special events programs at the same time listeners at home are getting them via their commercial sources. A good information example would be Preseident Kennedy's press conferences which are broadcast live; an example of sports would be the world series broadcasts as they are being played. Such programing is made possible by the unprecedented cooperation that is received from the four major networks and certain independent stations. (2) Radio. In order to provide broadcast material for the 205 radio outlets of AFRTS, the Los Angeles office selects, secures clearances, records, decommercializes, supervises processing to transcriptions, packages, and air-ships an average of 60 hours per week of programing. These are divided into two segments (a) the overseas program unit, which is circulated among several outlets, and (b) the 5-minute programs which are retained in the libraries of the outlets. In addition 5 hours of music, sound effects, and production aids are contained in the Music Transcription Library sent each week. (a) Basically, the overseas unit consists of approximately 58 program hours weekly selected from program schedules of all major networks, independent radio stations, syndicating agencies and educational radio foundations designed to give the serviceman and his dependents overseas a cross section of the radio programing available to the American at home. Every attempt is made to provide a well-balanced broadcast day while satisfying the program desires of all segments of the listening audience. Internally produced spot announcements in the information category, such as orientation, international and national affairs, citizenship, safety, education, etc., are inserted in lieu of program commercials in the original programs. All programs in the oversea unit are carefully edited to remove any reference to time, date, season, or events which might limit program airing or cause embarrassment to the field outlets. (b) The 5-minute program unit consists of 20 5-minute fill programs a week and is shipped with the Music Transcription Library (covered below) for station retention in their library. The 5-minute programs contain material on such subjects as "Point of Law," "Social Security File" and "Art Baker's Notebook." The Music Transcription Library (MTL) is a weekly supplement of diversified music, sound effects and production aids. It is sent to each operating AFRTS station and remains with them to build up an extensive library with which they can respond to the listening needs of their immediate area. The MTL consists of music in all categories, running the gamut from classical and religious to western and popular hit tunes and is basic material for any broadcast operation. This excellent music programing has been made available, gratis, through the courtesy and cooperation of American Society of Composers and Publishers (ASCAP), Broadcast Music Incorporated (BMI), the recording companies, and the patriotic generosity of American Federation of Musicians (AFM), affiliated guilds, unions and associations. For many years, Peer-controlled music was forbidden for AFRTS use; however, early in 1961, permission for use of this music was forthcoming, and since that time has been used in the MTL. Supplementing this extensive program service is a weekly direct airmail shipment of 3 hours per wook of "perishable" public affairs information-type programing, such as "Meet the Press," "The Leading Question," etc. This special features unit is a "blitz" project under which a program broadcast stateside on a Sunday can be processed, and airmailed from Los Angeles for playback overseas no later than the following Sunday. In this manner, AFRS was able to broadcast to troops overseas more than 25 hours of national pre-election campaign speeches and interviews (including the Nixon-Kennedy debates) prior to the cutoff date for overseas balloting. This method has proved to be the second most expeditious means of disseminating timely information to the field. With the continuing emphasis on informing the servicemen in regard to national and international issues, the unit has presented such special series as "Anatomy of Freedom," "The Great Challenge," in addition to the continuing series mentioned above. In addition to the above functions, the Transcription Program Branch of AFRTS-LA recently was given responsibility to provide 42 program hours weekly on tape for use by closed circuit automatic radio stations of the 7122d Support Squadron in Europe. These stations are designed so that once the audiotape is placed on the equipment and operation begins, there is no further requirement for personnel until the tape has completed its run-thus only one individual is required to operate the automatic radio station. 3. Television.-Thirty-three television outlets, divided into five circuits, are currently operating on Army, Navy, and Air Force installations around the world. The Los Angeles branch office selects, secures clearances, kinescopes or purchases prints, decommercializes, supervises film processing, packages and airships to the key station of each television circuit approximately 55 hours of television programing by two methods: (1) 50 hours of diversified programing are sent in a unit; (2) 5 or more hours of sports, news, and special events (information type) of a current interest nature are sent by direct airmail. Weekly TV units are mailed to the lead station on each circuit, programed throughout a given week, and shipped to the next station: The last station on each circuit returns the unit to AFRTS-LA for recircuiting, destruction, or return to the original owners. The time for complete circuiting of a unit varies from 5 to 10 months, depending on total distance covered, number of stations, transportation problems, etc. In a circuit of 6 stations, therefore, there are more than 30 separate weekly TV film units in the "pipeline" at all times. Specials are shipped as priority TV film units and special TV film programs. The priority unit is sent by airmail and receives speed handling by all personnel. It is processed on a priority basis at the laboratory, takes precedence over reg A ular programing when received by the local station, and within 1 week is sent to the next station. It is prepared with one print for each two or three stations. Programs such as "Issues and Answers" and "Lt. Col. John Glenn Press Conference" are examples of those used in this unit. Special TV film programs are used on a print-per-station basis. Major Presidential addresses and events of immediate worldwide importance are included in this category. The "Hearst Weekly News Digest" is classed as a special TV film program; however, it is the only film so classed that goes to each station every week. Items of permanent value, such as holiday programs, information programs, and filler films are sent directly to each station for library retention and replay. A studio film library is established at each station from which it can draw supplemental program material. This library is augmented or replaced periodically by AFRTS-LA. Each AFRS station receives a weekly program guide called "Radio Round-Up." There are separate sections of "Round-Up" for the different units-the program units, MTL, specials, and 5-minute programs. Similarly, each AFTV station receives "Tele-Tips," a publication similar to "Round-Up," containing detailed program notes, scheduling information and suggestions for effective viewing of materials supplied in the weekly shipments. Our specific information mission encompasses the production and dissemination of informational material covering the following topics to all service personnel and dependents overseas: The Armed Forces (covered by slides and tapes on military insignia, uniforms, etc.). Orientation NATO-SEATO countries, newly independent countries, Iron Curtain countries. International and national affairs-mutual security series, et al. VOLUME AND SOURCE OF INFORMATION MATERIALS PRODUCED Senator STENNIS. Now, on the top of page 6, you say: "My belief is that we should cut down on the many publications we currently produce." You were referring there to the publications that the services produce? Mr. KATZENBACH. No, sir. I was talking specifically about all of the various items which we presently excerpt and reproduce or have reproduced. Senator STENNIS. That you feed to the men? Mr. KATZENBACH. Yes, sir. It just seems to me that what we ought to do is create an image, so to speak, of the information and education program of the Department of Defense so that we must have our own format. As it is, at the present time we might take a publication from a magazine or the Department of State or something of the sort and it has their stamp on it and not our own. In other words, I think what we ought to do is put our own format out which will, over time, I think Senator STENNIS. The idea is to inform the men in uniform of what we believe, or should believe? Mr. KATZENBACH. Yes, sir. Senator STENNIS. To say to them that this is our creed; this is our objective? Mr. KATZENBACH. Yes, sir; that is right; whether it happens to be on voting or whether it happens to be on a subject of "For Commanders." |