"thou be brought down with the trees of Eden "unto the nether parts of the earth: thou shalt lie "in the midst of the uncircumcised with them that "be slain by the sword. This is Pharaoh and all "his multitude, saith the Lord GOD."

Ezekiel xxxii. 18: "Son of man, wail for the "multitude of Egypt, and cast them down, even her, "and the daughters of the famous nations, unto the "nether parts of the earth, with them that go down "into the pit.

19." Whom dost thou pass in beauty? go down " and be thou laid with the uncircumcised.

21." The strong among the mighty shall speak "to him out of the midst of hell with them that help him; they are gone down, they lie uncircumcised, slain by the sword.

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22." Ashur is there and all her company: his graves are about him: all of them slain, fallen by the sword:

24." There is Elam and all her multitude. . . . . 26." There is Meshech, Tubal, and all her mul❝titude.

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29. "There is Edom, her kings, and all her princes, which with their might are laid by them "that were slain by the sword: . . . with them that "go down to the pit.

30." There be the princes of the north, all of "them, and all the Zidonians, which are gone down "with their slain;

31." Pharaoh shall see them, and shall be com"forted over all his multitude, even Pharaoh and "all his army slain by the sword, saith the Lord "GOD."

Cf. Job xvii. 13-16; xxxiii. 18. 22. 24. 28. 30:

Proverbs i. 12; v. 5; ix. 18; xxvii. 20: Ecclesiastes iii. 20: Isaiah xxviii. 15. 18: Lamentations iii. 6: Ezek. xxvi. 20.

The testimony of the parable may be appealed to in proof of the proposition, in this instance, as well as in the others; for both Lazarus and Dives are no sooner perceived to be dead, than they are seen to be in Hades, and Abraham, the common father of both, is seen to be there before them: all which, by being literally understood, goes directly to prove that Hades is the common receptacle of the deadof all who have died in times past-and of all who die from time to time, as they die and when they die, likewise.

Having thus produced what appears to me to be competent scripture testimony to the truth of the first of our general propositions, which was the existence of Hades, understood in the sense above defined; I shall now proceed to inquire what assistance the same testimony of scripture may give us, in determining the next of the points proposed for discussion, viz. its locality. For this purpose, I shall endeavour to shew that there are good grounds, on the authority of scripture, to conclude first, that the locality of Hades is within the earth, and secondly, that the locality of Hades is the deepest point within the earth.

First, that the locality of Hades is within the earth. All those passages of scripture which speak of the disposal of men after death, in such terms as to imply that they pass into Hades, the proper receptacle of the dead, into which they can pass only in

their souls, and after a manner invisible to the eye of sense, by passing apparently into the grave, into which they pass with their bodies, and after a manner visible to the eye of sense- -are arguments that Hades, the proper receptacle of the soul after death, is as much within the earth, as the grave, the proper receptacle of the body after the same event. It seems inconceivable that such language would be employed to describe both the disposal of the soul by death, and the disposal of the body after the same event, as almost to imply that the receptacle of the one was identical with that of the other, unless this to a certain extent were actually the case; that is, unless the disposal of the soul by death, mutatis mutandis, were identical with, or analogous to, the disposal of the body in consequence of the same event; and unless something like a definite relation, prevailed between the proper receptacle of each : viz. that each was received under the earth, in general, the body by being buried, the soul by passing into Hades; though not necessarily into the same part of the earth-so that the soul by being received into Hades, might not be received into a very different quarter under the earth, from the body, by its being deposited in the grave.

Again the testimony of Job xxvi. 5, has been produced already, in reference to the proposition last considered that the dead are gathered into a proper locality, called Hades. With the amended version of that text, as there proposed, it is not less applicable to prove that the site of this locality is under the earth.

"The souls of the dead tremble;

("The places) below the waters and their inha"bitants."

If this is a description of Hades, then Hades is below the earth; for Hades is described as below the waters; and what is below the waters must be underneath the earth.

Again-among phrases of frequent occurrence in the scriptures of the Old Testament-one is the "lower" or "nether parts of the earth." In this latter form it occurs Isaiah xliv. 23: Ezekiel xxxi. 14. 16. 18; xxxii. 18. 24. The phrase, "the lower parts of "the earth," occurs in Ps. lxiii. 9, and a similar phrase, Ezekiel xxvi. 20, "the low parts of the earth." In all these instances, the context demonstrates that each of these phrases is but a circumlocutory description for Hades, the proper locality of souls after death. If so Hades, understood in that sense, is synonymous with the lower or nether parts of the earth; and consequently Hades is below the earth.

It is, therefore, entirely in unison with this characteristic circumstance of its locality, that in repeated instances, in the writings of the prophets, we meet with the phrase of going down or descending into hell, to the pit, or the like; and that the prophet Isaiah, in the sublime passage quoted supra page 294, when proceeding to describe the reception which the kings and potentates of former times-the mighty dead as such, previously received into Hades -should there give, to the soul of the Babylonian monarch, when he too should come thither among them-opens the description by the words, "Hell 66 FROM BENEATH is moved for thee to meet thee at thy coming" xiv. 9.

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Upon this particular question, however, of the locality of Hades, understood in the proper sense of the receptacle of the dead; were we called upon to produce any single testimony of scripture, which would do more than another, to prove its real situation to be within the earth-there is none to which I should appeal so confidently as to the narrative related in the sixteenth of Numbers, respecting the fate of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram, on the one hand, or the still more remarkable transaction, recorded 1 Sam. xxviii. 8-19, in the appearance of Samuel to Saul after his death, on the other. To each of these passages I would invite the special attention of the reader, who is desirous of satisfying his doubts upon this question. Let us consider each in its order, beginning with the first; the account of the punishment which befell Korah, Dathan, and Abi

ram.

It is not necessary to cite the whole of this narrative. The most important part of it for our purpose, at present, is the words of Moses, in warning the people or spectators, of the fate about to befall these men, before it actually came to pass, 29, 30:

"If these men die the common death of all men," (margin, as every man dieth,)" or they be visited "after the visitation of all men; then the LORD "hath not sent me.

"But if the LORD make a new thing," (margin, create a creature,)" and the earth open her "mouth, and swallow them up, with all that apper"tain unto them, and they go down quick into the pit; then ye shall understand that these men have provoked the LORD.”

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