Reichskommissar of the Baltic countries and Byelorussia, described his aims as follows:

* * *the creation of a German protectorate for the purpose of subsequent inclusion of these regions in the Greater German Reich by means of the germanization of elements-suitable from the racial point of view, of the colonization by the representatives of the German race and of the extermination of the undesired elements."

And this is said in addition to the following recommendations made in another of Rosenberg's directives on the subject of the civil administration in the occupied Eastern territories (EC-347, USA 320):

"Our main task * * * is the furthering of the Reich's interests. The regulations of the Hague Convention regarding land warfare are not valid, as we can consider that the USSR has been destroyed * * For this reason, all measures which the German administration deem necessary and convenient are admissable."

*

Rosenberg was too hasty in his assertion that the USSR was destroyed, let the cat out of the bag, and gave away his secret plans. But this document is also an irrefutable proof, invalidating all the attempts of the defendant to throw off his shoulders the burden of responsibility for the monstrous crime perpetrated by the German-fascist aggressors throughout the occupied territories of the USSR, to the shoulders of individual officials and policemen, of Koch and Himmler.

It was Rosenberg who permitted the repudiation of the Hague Convention and the utilization of all measures which might seem "convenient". When Koch, for his "convenience" exterminated · the population of the entire Zuman district, he was acting in the spirit of his directive of Rosenberg. Rosenberg described here his dissentions with Koch; he alleged that he has followed humanitarian policy and even imported agricultural machinery. Even if Rosenberg did indeed, from time to time, object to Koch's actions, it was only because he was afraid of premature publicity, because he was afraid that Koch's unparalleled ill-treatment of the Ukrainian people would only strengthen the resistance movement. Rosenberg was influenced by fear and not by any humanitarian considerations. Rosenberg's true policy is set out in numerous documents which have now become known to the world's public opinion and which are in the files of the Tribunal.

In an "official note for the Fuehrer" dated 16.3.1942, Rosenberg set out the aims of the German policy in the occupied territories of the USSR and, first of all, in the Ukraine * * * "the utilization of minerals, the creation of a German colony in certain

regions, no artificial intellectual development of the population, but its preservation as a source of manpower." (045-PS).'

In his report on the reorganization of the Caucasus, Rosenberg wrote that (USSR-58): "The problem of the East consists in the transplanting of the Baltic nations to the soil of German culture and in the preparation for the large-scale expansion of the German frontiers. The task of the Ukraine is to secure the necessary food supplies for Germany and Europe, and the raw materials for the continent. The problem of the Caucasus is primarily a political problem and it will lead to the expansion of continental Europe, headed by Germany, from the Caucasus isthmus to the near East."

And finally I would like to point out that it was Rosenberg who made the following statement, at a conference of the German Labor Front, on the policy of the occupied USSR territories (USSR-170): "It is obvious, that if we are to subjugate these peoples, arbitrary justice and tyranny will be the most suitable form of government." The defense affirms that Rosenberg and his "Einsatzstab" were not concerned with the plunder of cultural treasures, but with their preservation. This statement is also quite false. Numerous documents read into the record at this trial, have proved that as early as April 1941, i.e. more than two months prior to the attack on the USSR, Rosenberg was organizing special units and staffs and was elaborating plans for the removal of the cultural treasures of the Soviet Union.

On 16 October 1941 Rosenberg wrote to Hitler as follows (USSR-375): "I have now given an order to a similar operative staff of my organization to carry out in the occupied Eastern territories the work already accomplished in the West. *** Having before our eyes the whole picture, we can satisfy all the just wishes and demands of the Greater German Reich. On this basis I would also be willing to take upon myself to guarantee that all the treasures of art from the Lintz and other museums which can be utilized for your personal plans are really used for this purpose.

On 17 October 1944, Rosenberg wrote to Lammers that for the transport of goods "listed" by his organization, it was necessary to use 1,418,000 railroad cars, whilst 427,000 further tons were transported by water (327-PS, USA 338). In this same letter, Rosenberg mentioned that among the confiscated goods removed to Germany there was 9,000 cars with agricultural and other machinery. And after this, he dares to speak about some machines which he has allegedly imported into the Ukraine! And finally, I shall speak about the ridiculous theory of the so-called Rosenberg's "noble anti-semitism". It is absurd to argue with Rosenberg's counsel, who affirms that there exists such a thing as

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"noble anti-semitism", and all the more absurd it is to argue with Rosenberg. In my statement to the Tribunal, I threw light upon the fascist propaganda contained in the defense speeches. Now, I would like to recall to the Tribunal the text of two of Rosenberg's documents.

In his directive of 29 April 1941, he wrote (1024-PS, USA 278): "The general solution of the Jewish problem must at the present moment be carried out by methods of a temporary character. Slave labor for Jews, the creation of Ghettos, etc., must be the solution of this problem."

Even more cynical and frank is the statement made by Rosenberg in November 1942, when he, in his capacity of Minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories, addressed a conference of the German labor front (USSR-170)

"We must not be satisfied", said Rosenberg, "with the deportation of Jews to another country and with the creation here or there of a large Jewish ghetto; no, our object must always remain the same. The Jewish problem in Europe and in Germany will be solved only when there are no more Jews left on the European continent."

And the operations "Kotbus", the extermination of Jews in the Baltic towns, in the Ukraine and Byelorussia-all these were carried out in conformity with Rosenberg's theories and with his agreement. (R-135, USA 289.) In 1937 Rosenberg received the German national prize. Commenting on this event, the Fascist press wrote as follows (3559-PS, USA 600):

"Alfred Rosenberg has brilliantly succeeded with his books in building up the scientific and the spiritual foundations of, and in consolidating and strengthening the philosophy of the National-Socialism. Only future generations will be able to appreciate fully the profound influence of this man on the philosoph-___ ical foundations of the National-Socialist state."

But the future became the present. And I am sure that the Tribunal will be able to appreciate duly not only the influence exercised by Rosenberg on the "philosophical foundations of the National-Socialist state", but also his active participation in all the crimes against peace and humanity perpetrated by the Hitlerites.

FRANK

A lawyer by training the defendant Hans Frank was one of those who liked to speak about reviewing the "ancient German" law for Germans about "Principles of Justice", for the "select" about the "right of the chosen people" to annihilate nations and countries.

In 1939, he was the very man, who had been corrupting the German legal conception for a long time, to whom Hitler entrusted the fate of subjugated Poland. Frank arrived in Poland to realize practically the program of enslavement and extermination of the people on the territory of a country possessing a history which had lasted for ages and original high culture.

I should like to remind the Tribunal of some of Frank's views expressed during the first months of his stay in Poland, taken from his so-called "diary". It is hardly worth while to discuss with the defense counsel the probative value of this document.

Frank himself declared to the magistrate that "this document was of historical importance" and to the question "whether all his statements contained in the diary were true", he replied "they fully correspond to what I know."

On 19th January 1940, Frank declared with cynical frankness at the conference of the department leaders (USSR-223) "On 15th September 1939, I was entrusted with the task of governing the conquered eastern territories and received the special order to ruin this territory ruthlessly as a war territory and a war trophy and to turn it into a heap of rubble from a point of view of the social, economic, cultural and political structure."

On 31 October 1939, in the presence of Goebbels at a conference uniting the leading officials of the Government-General, he declared: "A perfectly accurate differentiation must be made between the German people-the master-race-and the Poles."

He then remembered the Polish culture which Frank, as defense counsel Dr. Seidl said here, took so great care of. He stated: "The Poles can be allowed only those possibilities for educating themselves which would prove the hopelessness of the destiny of their nation. Alone, bad films or films demonstrating the might and greatness of the Germans can be taken into consideration for the purpose". (USSR-223)

One of Frank's first instructions was the order to shoot hostages. Later on similar orders were to be counted by the hundred and the thousand until they finally culminated in the edition of "regulations" dated 2 October 1943. (USSR-335)

On 10 November 1939 Frank was informed that the day of Polish independence was approaching and that posters were to be hung up on certain houses to remind the Poles of their national holiday. The following entry then appeared in Frank's "Diary": "The Governor-General decrees that one inhabitant of the male sex is to be taken from every house on which a poster of this kind is hung up and is to be shot. The Pole must feel that we do not intend building a lawful state for him." The short extract we are quoting from the speech Frank made at the conference of the

department-chiefs of the "Government General" characterizes this Hitlerite "lawyer" far better than lengthy excerpts taken from his parade speeches which we were obliged to listen to here. (USSR-335; USSR-223)

The criminal activity of Frank in Poland is so very manifold, that there is no possibility, in a short speech, to reconstruct to the Tribunal the innumerable proofs of Frank's guilt which have been submitted in this court room and which are evidently still fresh in the memory of the judges. But from Frank's criminal activities in Poland we must segregate the predominant trait which is Frank's activity as the murderer of millions of people. Of course, he looted, he was Goering's Plenipotentiary for the Four Year plan and he looted, so to say, "be it merely in this capacity".

He sent over 2 million Poles to Germany for forced labor. The attempt of the defense to represent Frank as "the enemy of coercive methods of recruitment" can be based only on the assumption that nobody excepting counsel had studied Frank's diaries. For Frank never can escape documents such as the minutes of the meeting of the department leaders dated 12 April 1940, or the notes of Gauleiter Sauckel of the 18 August 1942, or the transcript of the meeting with Buehler, Krueger and others of the 21 April. (USSR-223)

But he sent people to forced labor in order to wring them dry in the interest of the Reich before sending them to their doom. The regime set up by Hans Frank throughout Poland during all the stages of the temporary German domination in this country was a regime for the inhuman destruction of millions of people by means of varied, but equally criminal, methods.

It is not merely incidental that the German-Fascist assassins who annihilated 11 thousand Polish prisoners of war in Katyn forest should refer to the regime which Frank instituted in Poland as an example of his own activities (as the Tribunal has been able to ascertain not so very long ago in this courtroom from the evidence presented by the former deputy to the mayor of Smolensk-Prof. Basilevski).

I consider it to be particularly important, at this point, to emphasize the conception Frank had of the relations with the Polish population after the war:

"I insistently draw your attention", said Frank, "to the fact that, should peace be concluded, nothing would change in our treatment. This peace will signify that we, as a world power, will conduct more firmly than hitherto our general line of policy. This peace would signify that we will have to carry out colonization on a grandiose scale, but the principle will not have changed." (USSR-223)