Figure 8. Difference, in percent, of summer precipitation between the 1850-1870 period and the 19311960 period. Plus means more in the earlier period.

Figure 10.

Latitude

Figure 12.

Equator

The

Northward penetration of the monsoon rains in North Africa (the Sahelian Zone). higher the latitude to which the rains penetrate, the greater the seasonal rainfall. Drought has prevailed in the Sahelian Zone since 1968.

Figure 13.

5

Lapse Rate

6

°C/KM

7

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 °C/1000KM

AT→

The latitude of the subtropical desert climates as controlled by the north-south
temperature difference (AT) and the vertical temperature difference (lapse rate).
Both increasing carbon dioxide and increasing particulates move the desert climates
equatorward and suppress the monsoons.

Figure 14. Frequency of severe droughts per decade in India. Numbers are the frequency in the preceding decade.

Senator HUMPHREY. We will continue our hearings at 2 o'clock. [Whereupon, at 12 noon, the hearing was recessed, to reconvene at 2 p.m., this same day.]

AFTERNOON SESSION

Senator HUMPHREY. We will continue our study of the world food situation. My colleague, Senator Huddleston, is necessarily detained at this time, and I see that our Senate is still in session. We shall try to go right on through with the witnesses that we have outlined or that we have invited for this afternoon's session.

I want those of you who are in the room to know that these first 2 days of hearings are preliminary to a very intensive and exhaustive study into the whole subject of agricultural production, distribution, the matters of world trade relating to agricultural commodities, storage, reserves, all the factors that go into the production of food and fiber. Now we are trying to get an overall view in these first 2 days of hearings on October 17 and 18.

Our next witness is Dr. William C. Paddock. Dr. Paddock is a consultant in tropical agricultural development working with private industry, with time set aside for lecturing on world food and population problems. He is a graduate of Iowa State University. He received a Ph.D. degree from Cornell University, and he has been a professor of plant pathology at Pennsylvania State and Iowa State Universities, and the head of Latin American Affairs for the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, D.C. For 10 years he worked in Latin America as head of Guatemala's corn and feed program with the U.S. AID mission in this country and at an Iowa State University experiment station; and, in addition, he served as director of an agricultural college in Honduras which served students from 14 Latin American countries.

That is a splended record of profession accomplishment, Dr. Paddock. I note with great interest that you are a plant pathologist. I said here the other day that my late and beloved uncle, Dr. Harry B. Humphrey, was chief plant pathologist in the Department of Agriculture for many years, and Dr. Harry Borthwick, who is a scientist in Beltsville, is my cousin, who has also done a great deal of work on the subject of the effect of light on plants.

From my earliest days as a boy up to now I have been looking at experiment stations, walking through wheat fields and corn fields, and talking to people in the field of botany and plant pathology. I have several cousins who are botanists, a cousin by the name of Llewelyn Humphrey, who served in our AID mission overseas and later on in private industry; Dr. Robert Humphrey, who was at the University of Arizona as a botanist, and a couple of more, so when I see a plant pathologist I feel right at home.

Now, as far as myself, I did not get far. I studied plants as a pharmacist. It is a far cry from being a plant pathologist.

We welcome you and I believe you have a prepared statement. Do you have a prepared statement? Do I have it before me here?

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