that divided the disputed territory, and this was accepted by both sides.

In 1903 the series of peace pacts and boundary treaties between Argentina and Chile that began in 1855 was concluded in Buenos Aires. It was to commemorate the conclusion of these treaties that the statue of Christ the Redeemer, molded from cannon and designed by the young Argentine sculptor Mateo Alonso, was placed in Uspallata Pass on the frontier. Most of the money for the statue was raised by the women of Argentina and Chile under the leadership of Señora Ángela de Oliveira Cézar de Costa, presi

dent of the Christian Mothers' Association of Buenos Aires.

The dedication took place on March 13, 1904, after the statue had been transported 750 miles from Buenos Aires to Mendoza by rail and then pulled 115 miles over the mountains by mules. Over 3,000 officials, soldiers, and civilians from both countries gathered to attend the ceremonies, which included a field mass, military salutes, and appropriate speeches by representatives of both nations. It was on this occasion that Bishop Jara uttered the famous sentence (which was inscribed on a bronze tablet and affixed to the base of the statue in 1936), "Sooner shall these mountains crumble into dust than Argentines and Chileans break the peace sworn at the feet of Christ the Redeemer."

The figure of Christ is 25 feet high and stands, facing the west, on a huge granite hemisphere which in turn rests on a reinforced-concrete base. The right hand is outstretched in eternal blessing and the left holds a large cross. On the west side of the base is the official inscription of the Argentine Government. This is in the form of an open book on which appear the symbolic figures of two women standing arm in arm. Inscribed on the pages of the book are the dates of significant

treaties between Argentina and Chile, and across the top is a legend that sums up the whole meaning of the statue: Ypse est pax nostra qui fecit utraque unum (He is our peace Who has made us one).

From Alligators to Motors

If you visit Rio de Janeiro today you will see tucked away in the foothills of the Serra do Mar 20 miles from the city one of Brazil's most promising new industrial plantsthe National Motor Factory. If you had visited the same spot in the summer of 1942 you would have seen only alligatorfilled swampland. This miracle of transformation was worked by Brazilian and American teamwork.

The first chapter in the international story of the factory took place early in 1941 when energetic General Antonio Guedes Muniz of the Brazilian Air Force, armed with tentative plans for an airplane motor factory, came to the United States to consult with Government officials and the Wright Aeronautical Corporation. When the General returned to Brazil he had won approval for the project, a loan of $1,200,000 from the Export-Import Bank, and priorities on machinery. Then came Pearl Harbor and the consequent increase in the importance of the factory. General Muniz returned to Washington for further consultations, which ended with the promise of Lend-Lease aid for the factory and the signing of a contract with the Wright Aeronautical Corporation authorizing the manufacture in Brazil of Wright Whirlwind 450-horsepower airplane engines.

In July 1942 engineers began to drain off the stagnant water, and snakes, alligators, and mosquitoes had to give way before the front line of the machine age. The airconditioned, fluorescent-lighted factory building was constructed. Giant complex

American machines were assembled, oiled, and put in working order. Before the factory was finished it had received $8,000,000 worth of equipment through LendLease.

Sixteen American machine tool experts went to the factory during the war to help train Brazilian technicians and mechanics. At least 20 Brazilians were sent to the United States for training and have since returned to reinforce the administrative and technical personnel of the factory.

The Fábrica Nacional de Motores, as it is called in Brazil, went into production in January 1945 and already has between 1,800 and 2,000 employees. It is now engaged in building motors, accessories, refrigerator compressors, instruments, and tools, and in servicing and repairing motors. In addition, it is undertaking to replace the 2 million or more worn-out textile spindles which are the mainstay of the Brazilian textile industry. The Ministry of Agriculture has placed an order for 10,000 tractors to be delivered over the next five-year period.

The factory is full of promise for both the countries that created it. For Brazil it marks a vital milestone in a rapidly developing industrial life. And for the United States it serves as a showroom for American tools and mechanical equipment, helping to promote future sales.

A Bridge that Teamwork Built

"In the beautiful city of Rio de Janeiro two outstanding American figures, the governors of half a continent, met-two nations met and decided that this meeting would be permanent, that the two countries which nature had separated by a great river would be united forever by a bridge stretching between the river's banks." Thus wrote the Director of Ar

Courtesy of Comments on Argentine Trade ARGENTINE-URUGUAYAN BRIDGE

gentina's National Highway Office back in 1934. He was referring to the meeting held that year between the Presidents of Argentina and Brazil at which it was decided to build an international bridge over the Uruguay River.

This bridge was a joint undertaking from start to finish. A commission made up of engineers from both countries studied the industry, commerce, and topography of the frontier towns up and down the river in order to determine where the bridge should go. After it was decided to locate the bridge between Uruguayana, Brazil, and Paso de los Libres, Argentina, the Brazilian engineers proceeded to design the highway section and the Argentine engineers the railway section. Each country built the portion of the bridge on its side of the frontier line which runs through

the center of the river, but mutual assistance was given all the way through in the acquisition of building materials and machinery. All the steel and timber used on the Argentine side came from Brazil and all the cement used on the Brazilian side came from Argentina. The two sections are identical except that the approach is longer on the Argentine side because of swampy ground in that area. The highway section is flanked by sidewalks for the

convenience of pedestrians, and the railway section has mixed-gauge tracks so that both Argentine and Brazilian trains

can cross.

The bridge, which was opened to traffic on October 12, 1945, is expected to contribute greatly to the economic relations between the two countries. In addition, it will serve as long as it stands as a concrete example of international cooperation in a common task-M. G. R.

Spanish Page

Nueva York es huraña y fría en una primera impresión, desconcierta y atemoriza a quien no sepa caminar por ella, tomar su ritmo y auscultar sus inquietudes vertiginosas. Así iremos descubriendo encantos que no sospechábamos, iremos comprendiendo al hombre de la calle, al chófer de taxi y a su majestad el ascensorista, nos deleitaremos en sus museos de todas clases, respiraremos a pleno pulmón en el Central Park con sus 320 hectáreas en el corazón de Manhattan y en la noche Broadway y Times Square nos abrirán las puertas de sus mil atracciones pare entretener nuestra frivolidad con notas de jazz, ritmo de bohemia y quebranto de nuestros bolsillos. Hacia el norte, en los barrios residenciales, hasta donde llegamos por magníficas avenidas y parkways que se cruzan y subdividen sin molestarse por medio de rampas y

Trozos de Las Ciudades de los Estados Unidos, vistas por el arquitecto Jorge A. Bonino, en Rotaruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay, abril 5 y mayo 5 de 1946.

puentes, encontramos los más variados jardines, con flores y árboles, tan bien cuidados y dispuestos que nos hacen pensar en que esas gentes que no tuvieron más remedio que crear esa ciudad de oficinas y talleres, de ascensores y subterráneos, saben también encontrar el equilibrio de la naturaleza, ese remanso necesario dentro del torbellino y que se traduce en esperar con ansias el week-end para poder empuñar una manguera y dar vida a unas flores, con la misma actividad y seriedad con que el lunes siguiente dirigirán su oficina.

Washington es arquitectónica y urbanísticamente una ciudad lograda, tiene su planeamiento organizado con sus avenidas y diagonales, a la manera francesa, de su creador el arquitecto francés L'Enfant, un sentido de monumentalidad en sus grandes ejes y espacios. Hay grandiosidad en la concepción de sus edificios públicos de estilo clásico, ubicados estratégicamente y relacionados entre sí por

con

jardines y espacios verdes. En este sentido es digno de señalar el claro concepto de la importancia del verde en la ciudad que tuvo su proyectista. Además del arbolado de las calles y avenidas, la sucesión de parques que bordean el Potomac, el relleno de quebradas y la desecación de zonas pantanosas convertidas ambas en magníficos espacios verdes utilizables hacen que Washington sea la ciudad más hermosa de los Estados Unidos en todas las épocas del año. . . .

Finalmente mencionaré los cientos de ciudades pequeñas comparativamente hablando, que llamo ciudad tipo, que siendo muy iguales entre sí tienen un sabor y un

colorido a veces más agradable y siempre más humano que las grandes. Es en estas ciudades-pueblo donde encontramos lo fundamental y básico de la expresión de la vida y el espíritu de los Estados Unidos. Es en sus alrededores donde nuestros ojos captan con más precisión las costumbres y el sentimiento de ese pueblo, donde la sencillez de las gentes se vuelca en calles, avenidas y paseos siempre limpios y arbolados, y en donde los cercos de vecindad han sido abolidos formando en conjunto un solo jardín como muestra real de que hay un solo concepto de la vida dentro de la comunidad, y del respeto en su máxima expresión.

THE Governing Board of the Pan American Union met in regular session on December 4, 1946. The order of business before the Board included the following

matters:

Ninth International Conference of
American States

At the proposal of the Chairman, Dr. Antonio Rocha, Representative of Colombia, the Board fixed the time for the meeting of the Ninth International Conference of American States in Bogotá as December 1947.

Inter-American Conference on the
Conservation of Renewable
Natural Resources

The report submitted by the Special Committee on the Program of the InterAmerican Conference on the Conservation of Renewable Natural Resources was approved by the Board. The program is found on page 96.

Inter-American Council of Jurists proposed

The Committee on the Organization of the Inter-American System presented to the Board a project on the establishment of an Inter-American Council of Jurists. The project forms part of the general plan for the reorganization of the Inter-American System as contemplated by Resolution IX

104

of the Inter-American Conference on Problems of War and Peace. The Governing Board approved the Committee's recommendation that the project first be submitted to the consideration of the governments and then to the Ninth International Conference of American States.

According to the project, the proposed Inter-American Council of Jurists will, when established, devote itself to the codification of public and private international law and to the unification, as far as possible, of the civil and commercial legislation of the different American countries. It will supersede all existing inter-American agencies now functioning in the field. of codification or unification.

Election of a Director General

On December 18, 1946, the Governing Board met in special session to consider the report of the Committee on the Organization of the Inter-American System relative to the election of a Director General of the Pan American Union, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Dr. L. S. Rowe on December 5, 1946.

The Committee presented its conclusions, recommending that the election. take place at the meeting of the Governing Board on February 12, 1947.1

1 The Board decided at its meeting on January 9 to postpone the election to the March meeting, and to reconsider in February the bases for election.