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THE PAN AMERICAN UNION

WASHINGTON, D. C.

PEDRO DE ALBA, Acting Director General

WILLIAM MANGER, Acting Assistant Director

THE PAN AMERICAN UNION, now 56 years old, is an international organization created and maintained by the twenty-one American Republics: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, the United States, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Originally known as the International Bureau of the American Republics, it was established in 1890 in accordance with a resolution passed April 14 of that year by the First International Conference of American States, which convened at Washington in October 1889. April 14 is celebrated annually throughout the Americas as Pan American Day.

The work of the Union was greatly expanded by resolutions of the Second Conference, held at Mexico City in 1901-2; the Third, at Rio de Janeiro in 1906; the Fourth, at Buenos Aires in 1910; the Fifth, at Santiago, Chile, in 1923; the Sixth, at Habana in 1928; the Seventh, at Montevideo in 1933; the Eighth, at Lima in 1938; and by other inter-American conferences. The creation of machinery for the orderly settlement of inter-American disputes is one of the outstanding achievements of the Pan American system, but more important still is the continental public opinion that demanded such procedure.

PURPOSE AND ORGANIZATION

The purpose of the Pan American Union is to promote friendship and close relations among the Republics of the American Continent and peace and security within their borders by fostering constructive cooperation among them. The Union is supported by annual contributions

from all the countries, in amounts proportional to population, and its services are freely available to officials and private citizens alike. Its affairs are administered by a Director General and an Assistant Director, elected by and responsible to a Governing Board composed of one member from each American Republic.

ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS

The administrative divisions of the Pan American Union are organized to carry out the purposes for which it was created. There are special divisions dealing with foreign trade, statistics, economics, intellectual cooperation, music, juridical matters, agricultural cooperation, travel, and labor and social information. All these divisions maintain close relations with official and unofficial bodies in the countries members of the Union. The Columbus Memorial Library contains 138,500 volumes and 2,400 maps. The BULLETIN of the Pan American Union, published monthly in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, is the official organ of the institution. For a list of other publications of the Union, see the inside back cover.

PAN AMERICAN CONFERENCES

The Pan American Union also serves as the permanent organ of the International Conferences of American States, usually referred to as the Pan American Conferences. In addition to preparing the programs and regulations, the Union gives effect to the conclusions of the Conferences by conducting special inquiries and investigations and by convening or arranging for special or technical conferences in the intervals between the International Conferences.

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NECROLOGY

Domingo Amunátegui Solar-Alcides Argüedas Gerardo
Arrubla-León Cortés Castro-Pedro Henríquez Ureña-
Juan Bautista Sacasa

(The contents of previous issues of the BULLETIN OF THE PAN AMERICAN UNION can be found in the "Readers' Guide" in your library)

ILLUSTRATION AT SIDE: CONSTRUCTING A DERRICK IN A VENEZUELAN OIL FIELD (Courtesy of Standard Oil Company of New Jersey)

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Secretary General of the Brazilian Institute of Education, Science, and Culture; Chief, Public Relations Division, Ministry of Foreign Affairs

I BELIEVE it would not be out of place to discuss with Americans the concept of Brazilian music, for although music nationalism has manifested itself similarly among you, it did not present the same characteristics. Much has been said of music nationalism, but the term at times has an aspect which, artistically, seems to limit the universal meaning of music. The latter ought, rather, to be broadened and enriched by the contribution of the genius of every people.

In Latin America this nationalism was a phase of the struggle for liberation from the European colonialism in which we lived and which your eminent author Archibald MacLeish has condemned as a hindrance to the free blossoming of the American spirit. In Brazil, in 1922, the so-called "modernist" movement de

Address delivered at the twelfth meeting of the American Musicological Society, Princeton University, December 29, 1946.

manded that Brazil produce something new and entirely her own, since we were becoming weary of foreign domination. Thereupon we undertook to study our country and our people, in successive historical, artistic, social, ethnographic, and economic investigations, so that the particular characteristics of Brazilian culture might be understood and fully appreciated. This interpretation of the Brazilian soul was and still is being sought through the media of poetry and fiction, music and art, folklore and the sciences. It will permit us to offer to the world a synthesis of what we are and of the message we have to give. The interest aroused on every hand, and especially here in the United States, by the music of VillaLobos, Lorenzo Fernández, Francisco Mignone, and Camargo Guarnieri, by the paintings of Portinari, or by the sociological views of Gilberto Freyre bears witness to the belief that we have found the right

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