Bird's-eye View, from Court-House Tower, looking up the River or N. W. Guarantee Loan Building in the foreground.

Bird's-eye View, from Court-House Tower, looking west. New York Life Building in the foreground.

accommodates 70 pupils, and has a corps of 10 teachers, with property worth $35,000, a museum, library, philosophical and chemical apparatus, etc.

Saint Ma'ry's River, (1) the outlet of Lake Superior, 75 m. in l., whose rapids are avoided by a canal, built 1853, and improved 1870, at an estimated cost of nearly $3,000,000; (2) a river rising in the Okeefenokee Swamp, and for 100 m. forming the boundary between Ga. and Fla.

Saint Mauʼrice River, total 1. 216 m., empties itself into the St. Lawrence from the N., 9 m. below Lake St. Peter. The falls of Shawenegan, 22 m. above its mouth, 160 ft. h., are, next to Niagara, the grandest in Canada.

Saint Michael's, a town in Talbot Co., Md., on the Chesapeake Bay. It is in a fine farming region, and its principal industries are the shipping of oysters and fish and building of ships. Pop. 1,329.

Saint Michael's, the largest and most important of the Azores; area 224 sq. m., pop. about 115,000. The island is mountainous, and rises in the highest summit to 3,560 ft. The chief town is Ponta Delgada; pop. 16,000.

Saint Michael's Mount, a conical and isolated rock in Mount's Bay, Cornwall, 3 m. E. of Penzance. The Mount is 195 ft. h., is about 1 m. in circumference, and is crowned by an old and picturesque castle.

Saint Michel, Mont. See MONT SAINT MICHEL. Saint Moritz, in Upper Engadine, Switzerland. Near this town, in the Grisons, are strongly chalybeate waters, which are used both internally and externally. The town itself has been recommended as a residence for cases in which steady cold and tenuity of atmosphere are indicated. The waters are resorted to in cases of hysteria, neuralgia, leucorrhoea, etc.

Saint Myron, Mineral Waters of, cold acidulous waters near Riom, in the Dept. of Puy-de-Dôme. They contain carbonic acid gas, sub-carbonate of soda, chloride of sodium, and carbonate and sulphate of lime.

Saint Nazaire, a thriving sea-port of France, in the Dept. of Loire-Inférieure, at the mouth of the Loire; pop. 30,935. Saint Nectaire, Mineral Waters of, springs in the Dept. of Puy-de-Dôme, France; carbonated thermal alkaline waters. Temperature 75° to 103° Fahr.; season June 15 to Sept. 15.

Saint Omer, a town of France, and a fortress of great strength, in the Dept. of Pas-de-Calais, on the Aa; pop. 21,404.

Saint Pardaux, Mineral Waters of, chalybeate springs in the Dept. of Allier, France. They contain carbonic acid and iron.

Saint Paris, a village in Champaign Co., O. It has several large flour-mills, planing-mills, carriage and wagon manufactories, and broom factories. Large shipments of flour, lumber, grain, and livestock are made annually. Pop. 1,575. Saint Paul, the cap. of Minn. and of Ramsey Co., and next to the largest city in the State, on both sides of the Mississippi River, 2,082 m. from its mouth. The larger portion of S. P. lies on the E. bank of the river. The river is crossed by five bridges. Along the river the ground is low and flat. Then rises a terrace, on which is the main business portion of the city and many dwellings. Back of this is another terrace, made up of irregular bluffs, upon which the best residence section is located. Included in the city limits are the suburbs of Union, Groveland, St. Antony, Merriam, Macalester, Arlington Hills, and Desnoyer Park. The streets are well paved and lighted, and aggregate 46 m. Ravines and R.R. tracks are crossed by nearly 50 street bridges. The finest residence street in S. P. is Summit Avenue, running along a high bluff and lined with magnificent dwellings. There are more than 100 m. of cable and electric street railways. No horse-cars are in use. S. P. has 24 fine parks, the largest being Como Park, covering 377 acres. Others are Rice, Summit, Irvine, and Smith Parks. The city's water supply is obtained from several lakes between four and five m. N. of S. P., which furnish from 8,000,000 to 9,000,000 gallons a day, through 230 m. of mains. The city's waste is carried off in 145 m. of sewers. S. P. is a very important R.R. center. Among the R.Rs. connecting it with every part of the U. S. and Canada are the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul, the Burlington and Northern, the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha, the Chicago and Great Western, the Minneapolis and St. Louis, the St. Paul and Duluth, the St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba, the Eastern Minnesota, the Omaha, and the Wisconsin Central. These give connections with all the great trunk lines in the country. They connect, also, with steamships on Lake Superior, and a large per

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centage of S. P.'s commerce with the East is carried on the great lakes. According to the last census, S. P. had 1,442 manufacturing establishments, representing a capital of $22,501,211, and employing 18,558 persons. Its leading industries are meat-packing, machinery, agricultural implements, boots and shoes, and furniture. It carries on a very large wholesale trade with Minnesota, Montana, Oregon, North Dakota, South Dakota, Washington, and Idaho. The assessed valuation of real and personal estate in 1895 was $134,337,309. There are 22 banks. Among the principal buildings in S. P. are the State capitol, the city hall, in which is the public library; the post-office, the R. C. cathedral of St. Paul, and the People's Church. In the capitol is the library of the State Historical Society, containing over 20,000 volumes. S. P. was founded in 1838, its first settlers being principally French engaged in the fur trade. In 1841 a R. C. mission was established there, giving the place its name. S. P. was made the cap. of the Territory in 1849. It was incorporated as a city in 1854. Pop. (1890) 133,156; est. (1897) 195,000.

Saint Paul, a city, cap. of Howard Co., Neb., in the center of a rich agricultural and grazing region. It has several large flour-mills, five churches, three banks, and three newspapers. Pop. 1,700.

Saint Paul, a commercial town, and the cap. of the island of Bourbon; pop. 16,262.

Saint Paul de Loan'da, city and cap. of Portuguese colony of Angola, a considerable sea-port on the S.-W. coast of Africa, the principal Portuguese settlement in Lower Guinea, at the mouth of the river Bengo. Ivory, bees-wax, hides, coffee, rubber, and palm-oil are the principal exports. Is one of the oldest white settlements on the coast; the older part of the town is substantially built of stone, and was once celebrated for its fine monasteries, now in ruins. Pop. 20,000.

Saint Peter, a city, cap. of Nicollet Co., Minn, on the Minnesota River. It has flour-mills and extensive machinery works, and a large trade in lumber and agricultural products. There are two banks, churches and schools, and four newspapers and periodicals. S. P. is the seat of Gustavus Adolphus Coll. (Luth.,) and the State Hospital for the Insane. Pop. (1890) 3,671; est. (1897) 5,500.

Saint Peter-le-Port, commonly called St. Peter's, the cap. and chief town of the ISLAND OF GUERNSEY, (q. v.) Among its old and well-known buildings are Elizabeth Coll., the Government House, and the Hauteville House. The latter was the home of VICTOR HUGO, (q. v.,) during his exile from France. Pop. 16,658.

Saint Petersburg, a maritime govt. of Russia, one of the Baltic Provinces, between Lake Ladoga on the N.-E. and Lake Peipus on the S.-W.; area 17,057 sq. m., pop. 1,869,752. Much of its surface is covered with marshes and forests, and the climate is damp and cold.

Saint Petersburg, the cap. of the Russian Empire and of the govt. of the same name, stands upon the lower branches of the Neva, and on the shores of the E. extremity of the Gulf of Finland, 16 m. E. of Cronstadt, its port; lat. 59° 56′ N., long. 30° 19′ E. The Great Neva, the most S. branch of the Neva, divides the city into two sections the Petersburg Side on the N., and the Great Side on the S. The former is built on the islands which are formed by the delta of the Neva, the chief of which are the Vassili Ostrov, the Citadel Island, and the islands Aptekarskoi, Kammennoi, Petrovskoi, Krestovskoi, and Elaghinskoi. The Great Side, S. of the Great Neva, is compactly built, and contains the residences of the court and of the nobility, and more than half the population. The city covers an area of 42 sq. m., stands 56 ft. above the level of the sea, upon plains which were formerly malarious marshes, but are now for the most part drained and laid out in meadows and gardens. Pop. 1,035,439. The climate, severe in winter, is pleasant and mild in summer. The mean temperature in summer is 62°, in winter 14° Fahr. The extremes of temperature are 99° and -51°. Fourteen arms of the Neva, irrespective of the smaller branches, ramify through S. P., and there are seven canals. Peter's Square contains the noble and well-known equestrian statue of Peter the Great, 18 ft. h., and erected 1768-82. Of the 150 bridges that unite the islands, cross the canals, and span the Neva the Annitchkoff Bridge, leading across the Fontanka Canal, consists of five arches, is 110 ft. 1., and is decorated with four spirited groups, in bronze, of wild horses and their tamers by a native artist. The Nikolayevski Bridge is a magnificent structure in granite. The Winter Palace, destroyed by fire

to France, stands at the head of a bay, 16 m. N.-W. of the capital, Fort-la-France, (formerly Fort Royal.) It is the largest town in the Antilles, with a pop. of 30,000, and is the chief entrepôt of those islands.

Saint Pierre, a town of the island of Bourbon; pop. 14,135.

Saint Pierre, de. See PIERRE, SAINT.

Saint, Pierre, de, (CHARLES I. C.,) Abbé, Catholic writer, b. 1658, d. at Paris 1743.

Saint Pierre and Miquelon, a Fr. colony of three small fishing islands at the mouth of the Gulf of St. Lawrence; area 81 sq. m., pop. 4,750. The capital is St. Pierre, a noted fishing port.

Saint Pierre-lès-Calais, a town of France, in the Dept. of Pas-de-Calais; pop. 22,349.

Saint Pol-de-Léon, a Fr. manufacturing town, near the English Channel; pop. 6,704.

Saint Pol'ten, a walled town of Lower Austria; pop. about 5,800.

Saint Quentin, a Fr. town, noted for a battle between Philip II. of Spain and the French, fought Aug. 10, 1557; also for an engagement, Jan. 18, 1871, between the French army of the N. and the Germans, in which the latter were victorious; pop. 47,551.

Saint Re'gis, a village inhabited by Indians of the Iroquois tribe, partly Catholics and partly Methodists, is situated on the St. Lawrence, partly in Canada and partly in N. Y. State; pop. 1,210.

Saint Remy, an ancient Fr. town, containing ruins of the Glanum; pop. 6,348.

Saints, a name applied in the N. T. to the members of the Christian community generally, but restricted by ecclesiastical usage from very early times to those who, whether under the old or under the new dispensation, have been specially remarkable for their personal virtues and their eminent services to the cause of religion. Of the old dispensation, the 'patriarchs and prophets' are commonly designated as S. But the word is used much more of the Christian Church. In the ages of persecution the quality which most of all challenged the admiration and reverence of the faithful was naturally courage and constancy in the profession and the defense of the Christian faith; and thus the earliest of those whom the Church reverences for sanctity of life are also, for the most part, reverenced as champions of the faith. In general, however, the S. are distributed into several classes, chiefly in relation to the special services which the Church has appropriated to their honor. Thus we find enumerated (1) apostles and evangelists; (2) martyrs; (3) confessors, a name applied primitively to those who had exhibited great constancy in professing the faith, although without the final crown of martyrdom, but in later times understood of all who, without being martyrs, were eminent for sanctity of life; (4) doctors or men eminent for sacred learning; (5) virgins; (6) matrons and widows, distinguished for holiness of life. Anciently the character and appellation of saint was bestowed upon individuals, as it were, by acclamation, and by the common voice of the members of the particular Christian community to which the individual belonged, or to which his merits were most familiar. The earliest examples, as may be seen in the letter of the Church of Smyrna on the martyrdom of Polycarp, of such judgments as to individuals were in the case of the martyrs. Altars were erected at their tombs, and the people assembled for worship on the anniversary of their martyrdom. The honors of the martyrs were extended to the confessors of the faith, and eventually to all who were eminent for holiness of life, and especially to those who obtained the reputation of performing miracles. The names of those who were so honored were placed in the register (or diptych) of each Church.

Saint-Saëns, (CHARLES CAMILLE,) composer and pianist, b. Oct. 9, 1835, at No. 3 Rue de Jardinet, Paris. He wrote his first symphony at the age of 16. His works, which extend to Opus 64, already comprise several operas, "La Princesse Jaune," ," "Le Timbre d'Argent," "Etienne Marcel," "Henry VIII.," the sacred drama “Samson and Delila," four widely known symphonic poems modeled on Liszt, "Le Rouet d'Omphale, ""Phaeton," "Danse Macabre," and "La Jeunesse d'Hercule;" two symphonies to orchestral suites, much church music, chamber music, and considerable piano-forte and vocal music. From 1858 to 1877 he was, in addition to his other duties, organist of the Madeleine Church in Paris The strongest originality, sometimes becoming downright eccentricity, pervades his music, which is of the most modern school.

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Saint Sauveur, Mineral Waters of, sulphurous waters in the Dept. of Hautes-Pyrénées, France. Temperature 76° to 93° Fahr.; season May to Oct.

Saints' Days, days set apart in honor of particular saints and martyrs. In the multiplication of such celebrations a record of the days fixed for each saint or martyr became necessary. This is called calendarium. In particular countries, provinces, dioceses, or parishes the day of the patron saint is specially celebrated; and in all churches the festival of the saint to whom the church is dedicated.

Saint Sebastian, a Span. commercial town on the Bay of Biscay, much frequented as a watering-place; pop. 14,000.

Saint Servan, a sea-port of France, in the Dept of Illeet-Vilaine; pop. 1,800.

Saint Simon, Comte de, (CLAUDE HENRI,) a Fr. social philosopher, founder of the sect named after him, Saint Simonians, b. at Paris 1760. At 18 he entered the army, served in Am., and distinguished himself. Captured by the British on his return home, he was taken to Jamaica, where he remained till the peace in 1783 restored him to liberty and France. After the Restoration he began, in spite of his extravagant vanity, to reap the never-failing reward of enthusiasm and perseverance-a crop of disciples. Of these the most distinguished was Augustin Thierry, who assisted him in the redaction of his Réorganisation de la Société Européenne. In 1817-18 he published L'Industrie ou Discussions Politiques, Morales, et Philosophiques. The third volume is the work of the celebrated Auguste Comte. The last, and by far the most remarkable, work of S. is his Nouveau Christianisme, (Paris, 1825,) which contains his final and matured convictions. D. 1825.

Saint Simon, Duc de, (LOUIS DE ROUVROI,) a Fr. statesman, b. 1675. He entered the army, but resigned his commission in 1702, and devoted the remainder of his life to court statesmanship. S. S.'s last yrs. were occupied chiefly in the composition of his famous Memoires, a work of incalcu lable historical value. D. 1755.

Saint Simon, Marquis de, (CLAUDE AMIE,) commanded the French contingent of 2,000 men in the Peninsular campaign, but afterward entering the Spanish service became captain-general and a Spanish grandee; b. at La Faye 1743, d. in Spain 1819.

Saint Ste'phen's College was established in 1860, mainly through the liberality of Mr. John Bard, of Annadaleon-the-Hudson, who gave several acres of land and built a chapel which cost $36,000. At first intended to provide gratituous instruction for the ministry for men of advanced yrs., its sphere has since been enlarged, authority to confer degrees granted by the State of N. Y., and the usual professorships created and filled. Students, about 80.

Saint Thom'as, one of the Danish West Indian Islands, forms one of the group of the Virgin Islands, and lies 38 m. E. of Puerto Rico; area 23 sq. m., pop. 14,007, The port, Charlotte Amalie, or S. T., is an important entrepôt of West Indian produce. In Oct., 1867, it was visited by a fearful hurricane.

Saint Thom'as, an island off the W. coast of Africa, in the Gulf of Guinea, belonging to Portugal, 260 m. S.-W. of Fernando Po; area about 120 sq. m. Of its inhabitants, 1,000 are white and mulattoes, and 12,000 are blacks. Coffee is the chief article of export. In 1876 slavery in S. T. was abolished by the Portuguese. The chief town is St. Thomas, or Chaves; pop. 4,000.

Saint Thom'as, a city of Ontario, Canada; the Canada Southern Railway has its car-shops here; pop. 10,370. Saint Valery-en-Caux, a town of France, on the English Channel; pop. 5,377.

Saint Valier, de, (JEAN BAPTISTE DE LACROIX CHEVRIERE,) chaplain to Louis XIV.; became Vicar-Gen, of Quebec 1684, and Bishop 1718; was an English prisoner for five yrs., but d. at Quebec 1727.

Saint Viateur, Congregation of, a society of R. C. priests founded in France 1833 by J. L. J. Querbes, and introduced into N. Am. 1847.

Saint Vin'cent, one of the British islands in the West Indies, at the mouth of the Orinoco; area 147 sq. m., pop. 35,688. Much rain falls, often to the serious injury of the crops, but the climate is nevertheless healthy. The capital of the island is Kingston.

Saint Vin'cent, Cape, in Port. Cabo da Sao Vicente, a promontory forming the S.-W. corner of Portugal and of Europe, off which several important naval battles have taken place. In 1693 Admiral Rooke, with 20 English men-of-war,

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was here attacked by a vastly superior French fleet, and defeated with the loss of 12 men-of-war and 80 merchantmen which were sailing under his convey; in 1780 Admiral Rodney here destroyed several Spanish ships; in 1797 the great battle of Cape St. Vincent, between 15 British line-of-battle ships and 6 frigates, under Admiral Jervis, (afterward created Earl St. Vincent,) and 27 Spanish line-of-battle ships and 12 frigates, resulted in the total defeat of the latter, and capture of six of the largest ships, (of which, however, four only were ultimately secured.) The effect of this last victory was to frustrate the formidable Spanish-French scheme of invading England. The fourth naval fight off C. S. V. took place between the fleet of Queen Maria of Portugal, commanded by Sir Charles Napier, and that of Dom Miguel, in which a portion of the latter was destroyed and the rest captured, 1833. Saint Vincent, Earl. See JERVIS.

Saint Vi'tus' Dance, a popular synonym for CHOREA, (q. v.)

Saint Yrieix, a Fr. town, in the Dept. of Haute-Vienne; pop. 7,613.

Sais, an ancient Egyptian city, called in the hieroglyphs Sa, was situated on the Canopic branch of the Nile. It is at present called Sael Hagar.

Saivas, the name of one of the three great divisions of Hindu sects. (See INDIA.) The word designates the votaries of Siva. The worship of Siva seems to have been, from a remote period, more that of the learned and speculative classes than that of the masses of the people.

Sâkatâya'na, the name of a celebrated Hindu grammarian. His grammatical work, however, seems to be lost, and an attempt recently made to identify with it a grammar of another S., copies of which are met with at the India Office Library, London, has failed. The later S. is a Jaina, in all probability a modern writer.

Sakee'yeh, an immense wheel, sometimes as much as 25 ft. in diameter, used on the banks of the Nile for raising water. Around its circumference are earthen pots tied by cords. There is another small wheel with cogs fixed to the axis, and a large horizontal cogged wheel. This is turned by one or two buffaloes or cows, or other animals, sets the other two wheels in motion, and raises the water in the pots. This is frequently used for gardens along the shore. Some of the water-wheels in use in the Fayoum admit of being turned by the weight of the water. The S. very much resembles the chain-pump, once common in the U. S., and considered a great invention. See SHADOOF.

Sakhalin, commonly written Sagha'lien, the native name of Taraika, a long and narrow island, runs from N. to S. close off the shores of Asiatic Russia, in the S.-W. of the Sea of Okhotsk. It formerly belonged partly to Russia and partly to Japan, but the whole of the island now belongs to Russia, Japan having surrendered its portion in 1875. The estimated area is 47,600 sq. m., pop. 13,000. It is 588 m. in l. and about 120 m. in extreme w. A mountain chain traverses the island from N. to S. The chief rivers are the Ty and the Tymy. The rivers and the coast swarm with fine fish. Among the animals are the reindeer, the stag, roe, elk, and musk-ox.

Mahâbhârata, and is spoken of in the Puranas; but her name has become especially familiar in Europe through the celebrated drama of "Kalidasa," which, introduced by Sir William Jones in 1789, became the starting-point of Sanskrit philology in Europe.

Sal, (Vateria robusta,) a tree of the natural order Dipteraceae, one of the most valuable timber trees of India. Sala, (GEORGE AUGUSTUS,) an Eng. writer, was b. in London 1828. He was the son of an Italian gentleman; studied art, but devoted himself to journalistic and magazine writing and the lecture platform. But it was as war-correspondent that S. made fame. As the correspondent of the London Telegraph he visited the U. S. in 1863, accompanied Napoleon to Algeria in 1864, reported the Paris Exposition of 1867, and the Franco-Prussian War in 1870. Among his works are various books of travel and some novels. D. 1895.

Salaam', the general term of salutation among the Mohammedans. They are generally very formal in their social manners. Salutation is to be the first and the last thing on entering a house. The following is the rising scale of the different modes of obeisance with the Moslem: (1) Placing the right hand upon the breast; (2) touching the lips and the forehead or turban (or forehead and turban only) with the right hand; (3) doing the same, but slightly inclining the head during that action; (4) the same, but inclining the body also; (5) the same, previously touching the ground with the right hand; (6) kissing the hand of the person to whom the obeisance is paid; (7) kissing his sleeve; (8) kissing the skirt of his clothing; (9) kissing his feet; (10) kissing the ground.

Salaam' Convul'sions, a rare and singular disease of children, marked by frequent bowing of the head. Iron, zinc, and nux vomica are recommended as remedies. S'ala Cousali'na, anc. Marcellana, a very old S. Ital. town; pop. 7,700.

Sal'ad, the name given to a preparation of raw herbs for food. It derives its name from the fact that salt is one of the chief ingredients used in dressing a S.

Sal'adin, the name given by Western writers to Salahed-din Yussuf ibn Ayub, the Sultan of Egypt and Syria, and the founder of the Ayubite dynasty. As the great Moslem hero of the third crusade, and the beau ideal of Moslem chivalry, he is one of the most interesting characters presented to us by the history of that period. He was b. at Tekreit 1137. Following the example of his father and uncle he entered the service of Noureddin. On the death of his uncle, Shirkoh, S. became Grand-Vizier of the Fatimite Caliph, and received the title of "the Victorious Prince." On Noureddin's death in 1174 S. began a struggle with his successor, which ended in establishing himself as the Sultan of Egypt and Syria. The next 10 yrs. were occupied in petty wars with the Christians. The plundering by the Christians of a rich pilgrim caravan on its way to Mecca, an infringement of the treaty with S., brought down upon them the latter's vengeance; their army suffered a dreadful defeat at Tiberias, (1187;) the King of Jerusalem, the two grand-masters, and many other warriors of high rank were taken captive; Jerusalem was stormed, and almost every other fortified place in Palestine was taken. The news of this great success of the infi

Sa'ki, a genus of Amer. monkeys, having the tail, which is not prehensile, covered with very long hair, whence they are often called Fox-tailed Monkeys. The head is round and the muzzle short, the ears not unlike those of the human race. The whole body is covered with long hair.

Sak'tas, the name of one of the great divisions of Hindu sects. Sâkta, properly speaking, means a worshiper of any female representation of the divine power; but in its special and usual sense it is applied to the worshiper of the female energy or wife of Siva alone; and the S., properly so called, are, therefore, the votaries of Durgâ, or Devî, or Umâ. The Sakta religion became the worst of all forms which the various aberrations of the Hindu mind assumed. The works from which the tenets and rites of this religion are derived are known by the collective term of Tantuas. The sect became divided into two leading branches, the Dakshinâchârins and Vâmâchârins.

Sakunta ́la, one of the most pleasing female characters of Hindu mythology. She is mentioned as a water-nymph in the Yajurveda, is the subject of a beautiful episode of the

of the Christians to its highest pitch, and a powerful army of crusaders, headed by the kings of France and England, speedily made their appearance on the scene of strife. They captured Acre in 1191, and Richard Coeur-de-Lion, at the head of that portion of the crusading army which adhered to him, continued the war with success, twice defeated S., took Cæsarea and Jaffa, and finally obtained a treaty for three yrs., (1192,) by which the coast from Jaffa to Tyre was yielded to the Christians. In the following yr. S. d. at Damascus.

Sala'do River rises in an outlying spur of the Andes in the Argentine Republic, and enters the Parana after a course of 600 m.

Sal Alem'broth, ("Salt of Wisdom,") a medicinal compound of corrosive sublimate and sal-ammoniac.

Salaman'ca, a town of Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., on the New York, Lake Erie and Western, and the Western New York and Pennsylvania R.Rs. Extensive lumbering is carried on here. Pop. of town 4,572, of village 3,692. Salaman'ca, a town in Guanajuato, Mexico, having large cotton cloth factories. Pop. 10,500.

Salaman'ca, one of the three modern provs, of Spain into which the ancient kingdom of Leon was divided; area about 4,940 sq. m., pop. 280,870.