Saints' School, (P. E.,) Black Hills Coll., Academy of the Sacred Heart, (R. C.,) Yankton Coll., (Cong.,) and Wessington Springs Seminary, (Free Meth.) There were 2,823,320 acres of land set apart by the act of Congress creating the State for the support of public schools, and both this act and the State constitution fixed the sum of $10 an acre as the minimum price at which this land should be sold. Over 100,000 acres have been sold at an advance on the minimum price. S. D. is named after a family of Indian tribes, and is a part of the Louisiana tract bought by the U. S. from France 1803. The first national improvement of the section was the organization of Minn. Ter. 1849. A second part was appropriated to Neb. Ter., 1854, and from this part Dak. Ter. was organized, 1861, with an area extending from Minn. to the Rocky Mountains, and from lat. 42° 28° to 49° N. Two yrs. later all the portion of Dak. W. of long. 27 was utilized in forming Idaho Ter. In 1864 Mont. was organized out of the N. part of eastern Idaho, and Dak. was given the S. tract, comprising over 91,000 sq. m. The cap. of Dak. was established at Yankton, where the first Legislature assembled March 17, 1862; in 1883 the capital was transferred to Bismarck. The discovery of gold and silver in the Black Hills led to an early settlement of that region; but the great prairie lands of the N. did not attract capital and agricultural skill till 1875. In 1889 Dak. was divided into the two States of N. and S. D. Pop., 1890, 328,808. Cap., Pierre.

South Deer'field, a manufacturing village of Franklin Co., Mass., on the Connecticut River, the site of the bloody Brook Massacre in King Philip's War, 1675; pop. 2,910. Southernwood. See ARTEMISIA.

South'ey, (ROBERT,) was b. 1774 at Bristol, Eng. In 1788 he was sent to Westminster School, where he much distinguished himself; but in 1792 a trivial insubordination led to his expulsion, and the next yr. he was entered at Oxford. In 1794 he left Oxford, having published the yr, before, in conjunction with Robert Lovell, a small volume of poems. Shortly after he produced his first poem of any length, "Joan of Arc," and in 1795 was married to a Miss Fricker, of Bristol. After some time he became a student of law at Gray's Inn. Here he worked at his new poem of "Madoc," and learned nothing whatever of law. In 1801 he accepted a position as secretary to Mr. Corry, chancellor of the exchequer for Ireland, but soon resigned it, and finally betook himself to literature as his sole source of livelihood. In 1804 he settled himself at Greta Hall, in Cumberland, where he spent the remainder of his life, happy in his family relations and his unremitting daily round of congenial, though continuous, toil. In addition to his formal publications he wrote largely for various periodicals, notably for the Quarterly Review, to which, from its establishment in 1809-having now become as violently conservative in his views as in youth he ha been revolutionary-he was a most constant and valuable contributor. In 1813, on the death of Mr. Pye, he succeeded him as poet-laureate. His wife dying in 1837, he two yrs. after was married to Miss Caroline Bowles. D. 1843.

South'gate, (HORATIO, D.D.,) an Amer. prelate, b. 1812; ordained priest 1839; P. E. Missionary Bishop of Constantinople 1844; resigned his bishopric 1850; rector of the Church of the Advent, Boston, 1852-58, and of Zion Church, New York, 1859-72; d. 1894.

South Isl'and, the most southerly of the two large is lands which, with Stewart's Island, form the British colony of New Zealand.

South'port, a bathing-place in Lancashire, Eng., on the S. shore of the estuary of the Ribble. Pop. 18,067.

South Pueblo, a village of Colo. It is the point of intersection of the Denver and Leadville and the Silverton divisions of the Deuver and Rio Grande R.R.

South Sea Scheme, The, commonly designated "The South Sea Bubble," was originated by Harley, Earl of Oxford, in 1711, with the view of restoring public credit and providing for the extinction of the floating national debt. This debt was taken up by a number of eminent merchants, to whom the government agreed to guarantee for a certain period the annual payment of six per cent. interest, a sum which was to be obtained by rendering permanent a number of important duties. The monopoly of the trade to the South Seas was also secured to these merchants, who were accordingly incorporated as the "South Sea Company," and at once rose to a high position in the mercantile world. Up to 1718

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the scheme had been honestly promoted; but now, seeing before them the prospect of amassing abundant wealth, the directors threw aside all scruples and made use of every means at their command for keeping up the fictitious value of the stock. Their zealous endeavors were crowned with success. In the beginning of Aug. some of the principal directors sold out. On this becoming known a wide-spread uneasiness seized the holders of the stock; every one was eager to part with his shares. A panic ensued, the bubble burst, and untold misery was wrought. Thousands were ruined and threatened with beggary. The country was soon wound up to a most alarming pitch of excitement; the punishment of the fraudulent directors was clamorously demanded, and Parliament was hastily summoned to deliberate on the best means of mitigating this great calamity. Various schemes, involving the deepest fraud and villainy, were discovered to have been secretly concocted and carried out, and the directors who were members of the House of Commons were expelled; most of the others were imprisoned, and all of them suffered the confiscation of their possessions. South'well, a market town of considerable antiquity in Notts, Eng.; pop. 2,400.

South'well, or Sot'well, (NATHANIEL,) an Eng. scholar, b, about 1600, d. 1676. He was educated at Rome, became a Jesuit, and was secretary-general of his order 1637-68. He revised, re-edited, and completed the Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis Jesu.

South'well, (ROBERT,) an Eng. author, b. 1560, d. 1595. He became a Jesuit at Rome in 1578, and in 1586 was sent as a missionary to England. He was imprisoned in the Tower in 1592, was ten times subjected to the torture to make him disclose a plot against Queen Elizabeth, and was executed at Tyburn. His most important poems are contained in St. Peter's Complaint and other Poems. His chief prose works are The Triumph over Death, (1595,) Epistle of Comfort to those Catholics who lie under Restraint, (1605,) and Marie Magdalen's Funeral Teares, (1609; new edition, 1823.)

South Wil'braham, a thriving town of Hampden Co., Mass., is the seat of the Wesleyan Academy. Scantic River furnishes fine water-power, and there are flourishing manufactures. Now called Hampden. Pop. 831.

South'worth, (CONSTANT,) one of the earliest colonists of Duxbury, Mass.; brought up under the care of Gov. William Bradford; was Gov. of the Kennebec Plantation and Assistant Gov. of Plymouth; b. in Holland 1614, d. 1685.

South'worth, (EMMA D. E. NEVITT,) an Amer. novelist, b. in Washington, D. C., in 1818. Her works, including The Deserted Wife, The Curse of Clifton, and The Lost Heiress, were collected in 1872, (35 volumes,) and she has since published A Beautiful Fiend, The Spectre Lover, etc. She frequently wrote under the initials "E. D. E. N."

Sou'valky, the chief town of the govt. of the same name in Poland, is situated on the left bank of the river Charnagarche, a tributary of the Niemen; pop. 16,896.

Souz'dal, a town of European Russia, in the Govt. of Vladimir, one of the oldest towns in Russia, having, according to certain accounts, been founded 606 B.C.; pop. 6,861.

Sov'ereign, the name applied in politics to the person or body of persons in whom the legislative power of a state is vested. In limited monarchies sovereignty is in a qualified sense ascribed to the king, who, though the supreme magistrate, is not the sole legislator. A state in which the legislative authority is not trammeled by any foreign power is called a S. state.

Sov'ereign, an Eng. gold coin of the value of about $5, the standard weight of which is 123.374 grains Troy. The name was first applied to a gold coin issued in the reign of Henry VIII.

Sowbread. See CYCLAMEN.

Sow'erby Bridge, a manufacturing town in Yorkshire, Eng. Woolen manufacture is the principal branch of industry. Pop. 7,041.

Sow'ing and Sow'ing Machines. Sowing is the depositing of the seed of plants in the ground. While agriculture was yet in a rude condition sowing was always performed by scattering the seeds from the hand over the prepared surface of the soil. This mode, distinguished as hand-sowing, is still employed in small holdings and in garden husbandry; but in more extensive operations of the farm it has been very much superseded by the use of sowing-machines of various kindsthe broadcast sowing-machine, the drilling-machine, and the dibbling-machine-the first being employed exclusively for cereals and grasses, the other two for any kind of crop. The preparation of the soil for the reception of the seed consiste