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ments both to the national leadership and, as Senator Coleman said, to the broader homeland security community which certainly includes State and local as well as private sector officials, and finding the ways to do that in the appropriate formats is one of the key missions.

TTIC will also oversee a national counterterrorism tasking and requirements system. Intelligence, in order to work, fundamentally has to begin with a requirements process that identifies the key questions that collectors have to go collect against. That information is brought back, assessed, analyzed, distributed and then balanced against those requirements. We talk about an intelligence cycle, but it begins at its heart with a requirements system and TTIC will play a key role in organizing that on the counterterrorist homeland security side.

Finally, another key responsibility will be to maintain a database of known and suspected terrorists that is accessible at the Federal and non-Federal level with appropriate controls and security clearances, and bringing the various databases that exist today in various places together into a centralized capability.

The principal objective, and again it gets back to your first question is that TTIC needs to close the gaps that separate the analysis of foreign source and domestic source terrorist threat information and ensure optimum support of the wide range of customers for homeland security information, those at the Federal level as well as those in the State, local and private sectors.

Let me turn to a second point that is addressed in the statement. TTIC cannot reach its full end-state capabilities overnight. We need, obviously, to grow and we need to grow as quickly as we can. But we also need to grow in a way that does not smother the effort by being over-ambitious in its initial days. Stand-up will occur by May 1. It will focus on integrating terrorist threat-related information and pick up some of the responsibilities that are today exercised jointly between the FBI and the CTC. One of those is the preparation of a daily threat matrix that you have heard about. Situation reports, updates on threats, and interagency terrorist threat warnings, picking up those responsibilities from the various government agencies is critical.

As soon as possible thereafter, TTIC should become the principal gateway for policymaker requests for assessments about terrorist threats. As it grows in capability, and what we see is an incremental growth as we move towards its ultimate full strength that I will talk about, TTIC would stock and maintain the database of known and suspected terrorists that I talked about. It will be producing the current intelligence and terrorist threat-related assessment, drawing on resources not just in TTIC but in the various agencies that are contributors to TTIC but are maintaining some inherent capability of their own. TTIC will be able to reach back into its parent agencies to provide it with an instantaneous surge capability that draws on the strength of a wide range of agencies. What we are trying to do is make sure that we build on what works. We do not want to undo things that are working well, and that is especially true when it comes to the integration of the work of collectors of information and the analysts, whether that is at the CIA or in the Intelligence Community or at the FBI. That is hap

pening today. We want to build on that and make sure that there is a better fusing across the domestic and foreign side.

When TTIC reaches its full end-strength capability it will be collocated with the CIA-the DCI's-Counter Terrorist Center and with the FBI's Counter Terrorism Division in a building that has yet to be acquired but that we are actively working on. Prior to that, TTIC-while it is not a CIA organization, it is an organization that reports to the DCI in his capacity as Director of Central Intelligence will be located on the CIA compound, as are other independent Intelligence Community entities today. So we are sensitive to not creating it as a CIA organization, but the smartest place to build the interim capability is in space that we have at the CIA. Let me talk about the command structure quickly. The director of TTIC needs to be a senior, very senior U.S. Government official who reports directly to the DCI in his statutory capacity as head of the Intelligence Community. He would be appointed by the director in consultation with the other partners in pulling together the TTIC. The director of TTIC will have the final review and approval authority for all of the intelligence that is prepared by TTIC. For national level analysis that is produced outside of TTIC, our expectation is that the director of TTIC will play a role in coordinating that, recognizing that agencies may do some departmental work just as is done today across the Intelligence Community.

I mentioned information access and the criticality of that. TTIC as an organization must have access to the full array of terrorist threat-related information within the U.S. Government. We can do that consistent with all the necessary protections and working smart by making sure that individual members of TTIC have access to information they need to do their work while the organization as a whole, and the leadership of the organization, have access to information that is comparable to what the head of CTC at CIA and the head of the Counter Terrorist Division at FBI has. So we think we can work both the necessary sharing within the organization and do the necessary work of protecting the most sensitive information.

Critical to making this work is a robust information technology base, one that will be particularly vigorous in the collocated endstate when CTC, CTD, and TTIC are located together. They all need to be able to draw on their own information bases, but we need to be able to bring that information together in the TTIC environment and share it in ways that allow us to do the most detailed analysis, use the most modern tools, and have the most aggressive sharing mechanisms available to us.

I would close with a thought about the work of TTIC just as you did. It is a work in progress. In fact if we do it right, TTIC will always be work in progress. It needs to start small. It needs to grow quickly. But we need not to be locked into particular institutional solutions. Rather with our eye on the ball, what we are trying to do is make sure that we have the best mechanisms in place to provide threat information to our national leadership and to the American people. We will be making adjustments as we go along based on what we think works rather than tell you today that we have the perfect plan that takes us from here out to the year 2010.

With those thoughts, let me close and I think my friend Pat D'Amuro has some comments that he may want to share.

Chairman COLLINS. Thank you, Mr. Wiley. Mr. D'Amuro. STATEMENT OF PASQUALE J. D'AMURO,1 EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FOR COUNTERTERRORISM/COUNTERINTELLIGENCE, FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION (FBI)

Mr. D'AMURO. Thank you, Madam Chairman and Senator Coleman. Thank you for the opportunity to add just a few short comments from the statement I have with respect to Mr. Wiley's efforts with the steering committee.

As we know, President Bush recently emphasized during a speech at FBI headquarters that the FBI has no greater mission, no greater priority than preventing the next terrorist act in America. We strongly support the formation of the TTIC and we are proud to be a partner with both the CIA, Homeland Security, and all the other participating agencies.

The FBI's experience in conducting complex criminal and terrorist investigations has shown that analysts are most effective when they are in constant and close communication with the investigators. For this reason we strongly support and look forward to the expeditious implementation of plans to collocate not only the TTIC but the FBI Counter Terrorism Division and the CIA Counterterrorism Center along with the Department of Homeland Security.

As you know, the FBI has established 66 joint terrorist task forces in the field offices around the country as well as a national joint terrorism center at FBI headquarters. The JTTF's partner FBI personnel with hundreds of investigators from Federal, State, and local agencies. These partnerships provide an effective and efficient mechanism to collect domestic intelligence crucial to preventing the next attack domestically. The fusion of this domestic and international threat intelligence is critically important for the FBI to complete its mission of preventing the next and future attacks domestically.

The FBI views the TTIC as an important resource. The TTIC will not only provide all-source integrated analysis to the FBI but also to the officials in State and local law enforcement who are essential partners in the fight against terrorism. We recognize that the twoway flow of information between Federal and local law enforcement is necessary to continuously sharpen both the collection and the analysis of threat-related information. Once again, the 66 JTTFs across the country provide an effective channel to share the TTIC analytical products with our partners in State and local law enforcement. We are committed to working with the Department of Homeland Security to push information and analysis out of the TTIC to all Federal, State, and local agencies.

We are expanding our ability to collect, analyze, and disseminate intelligence. The centerpiece of the director's efforts is the establishment of an executive assistant director for intelligence who will have direct authority and responsibility for the FBI's national intelligence program. Specifically, the EAD for intelligence will be re

1 The prepared statement of Mr. D'Amuro appears in the Appendix on page 117.

sponsible for ensuring that the TTIC's reporting requirements are met by all the field offices.

Our support of the TTIC will not change our mission, priorities, or operations. In fact, the TTIC will only strengthen our capabilities. The Bureau is uniquely positioned to bring both national security and law enforcement authorities to bear in the war against terrorism. Recently, the ability to develop intelligence on terrorist activities and use law enforcement powers to disrupt them was exemplified in Buffalo, New York where seven al-Qaeda associates and sympathizers were indicted in September 2002 for providing material support to terrorism.

Every FBI agent is trained to recognize that along with these broad authorities comes the responsibility to implement them fairly and in accordance with the protections provided by the Constitution. It is important to note that the Bureau's role, and the roles of all TTIC participants, must and will remain consistent with the protections provided by privacy laws, executive orders, Attorney General guidelines, and other relevant legal authorities under the protection of the Constitution to safeguard the civil liberties of the citizens of this country.

Again, I will keep this statement short because I know you have a lot of questions, but thank you for allowing me to appear today. Chairman COLLINS. Thank you very much.

Secretary England, do you have anything you would like to add to your colleagues?

STATEMENT OF HON. GORDON ENGLAND, DEPUTY
SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY

Mr. ENGLAND. Let me just make a comment, Madam Chairman. First of all, I thank Mr. Wiley for all his work with chairing this group that we put together. I will tell you that the TTIC is vitally important to the Department of Homeland Security. We have been part of the effort to create this structure in response to the President's initiative. This is vitally important for us to do our job in the Department of Homeland Security, so you will find us a very significant proponent of this approach; very supportive, and we will work very closely with all the other agencies to make this very successful. In my judgment, this is very important for America, so it has the full support of the Department of Homeland Security and we will be happy to work with you as we fully develop this concept in the coming weeks and months ahead.

Chairman COLLINS. Thank you.

Mr. Wiley and Mr. D'Amuro, our government already has a Counter Terrorist Center which is under the supervision of the Director of Central Intelligence, and when you look at the details of the current Counter Terrorist Center and the proposed Terrorist Threat Integration Center they seem, at first analysis, to be quite similar. I quoted Director Tenet's comments that it was supposed to be all sources of intelligence would be analyzed. Both do have access to all sources of government information about terrorism. Both are under the supervision of the Director of Central Intelligence. I believe both have staff from a number of agencies conducting intelligence analysis. In light of those similarities I have two questions.

First, in practical terms how will the proposed Terrorist Threat Integration Center be different from the Counter Terrorist Center that already exists on the organization chart1 that I showed you? Second, given the fact that at least at first blush they appear very similar, how will the new center address problems that have plagued our analytical efforts so far? They seem so similar that I am concerned about duplication. And if they are structured in similar ways, how will the new center be an improvement over what we have?

I am going to ask a similar question to Mr. D'Amuro.

Mr. WILEY. Thank you, Senator. I think that at first blush it is possible to say that the TTIC bears a similarity to the Counter Terrorist Center. But I think that you have to go a step beyond that first level of analysis. I think that what you have in TTIC is a much more vigorous presence of Intelligence Community and law enforcement and DHS employees in a common environment, with reachback capability to their respective agencies, in which all of that information is brought together.

CTC does have, and has long had, and will continue to have detailees from other agencies in it. But what we envision in TTIC is a more robust presence and a more explicit set of responsibilities for integrating that flow of domestically collected foreign intelligence, which is growing. The TTIC by itself is not the only change that is going on. The change in collection philosophy and dissemination philosophy-what is going on at the Bureau-Pat D'Amuro can talk about-is instrumental in helping to make TTIC a success. It will increase the amount of domestically collected information about foreign terrorist groups that can be fused. And by bringing the analysts together, having them work literally in a common environment, I think that is a significant step up from where we are today.

Chairman COLLINS. Mr. D'Amuro, the FBI has a counterterrorism division. It is my understanding that is still going to exist when the new center is created. How can we avoid duplication?

Mr. D'AMURO. I think that it is important to understand that the TTIC is being created for the fusion of an analytical product with respect to threat information. It is not an operational entity. The counterterrorism division at the FBI headquarters will still maintain its operational role throughout the country as being the lead agency domestically with respect to counterterrorism investigations.

If I could just add a few comments to Mr. Wiley's-it is the fusion of that intelligence and the production of one analytical product that I see extremely critically important that we'll be able, through the JTTFs, to disseminate that product to all State and local law enforcement authorities that are part of the JTTF. There is also a program underway at the Bureau to reach out for all the State and local entities that are not members of the JTTF so that we can make sure, not only do we provide them with one fused analytical product, but also tap into their ability to collect information

1 The chart entitled "Primary Agencies Handling Terrorist-Related Intelligence (With Terrorist Threat Integration Center)" appears in the Appendix on page 119.

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