The Origins of Violence: Approaches to the Study of ConflictTransaction Publishers, 31 дек. 1994 г. - Всего страниц: 620 In this fundamental analysis, Rapoport asks: Why do we have wars? Doesn't humanity always seem on the verge of self-annihilation? Is there something in human genetic structure that makes people want to kill each other? Perhaps this impulse is a matter of good versus evil, or just plain human nature. Rapoport moves beyond clichés by claiming that the sources of modern violence reside in the imbalance between a lag in the system of values inherited from the past and the structure of science and technology that awaits no revision of values to move ahead. As a result, Rapoport argues that the study of war and peace should be considered a science, just like biology or, for that matter, political science. The same rules of empirical engagement and experimentation should apply. Before we can have a theory of peace, we need a methodology of conflict. Using the writings of thinkers who have made significant contributions to the predominant ideas and ideals of our society, Rapoport weaves together the strands of independent thought and research into a single, thought-provoking work. After investigating the whys of violence, using ideological, psychological, strategic, and systemic perspective, Rapoport moves to an in-depth analysis of possible varieties of conflict resolution. He explores such mechanisms as mediation, education, and applying the results of scientific research. He documents the impact of ideologies countervailing dominant ones that place obstacles in the way of peacemaking. Rapoport argues that conciliation and game theories can be utilized to replace the concept of winner take all or total victory. The Origins of Violence is a needed contribution to our understanding of warfare, and provides a forward-looking perspective that can be of wide use to each of the policy sciences, starting with military strategy and ending with international development. |
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... usually imagined . The assumption behind the proposal was that its implication would be analogous to an " exchange of hostages , " widely used in antiquity as a guarantee of good faith between enemies attempting to resolve their ...
... usually trying to prevent the preced- ing war . It does seem , however , that the demise of the bipolar world has turned the attention of the peace researchers , peace educators , and peace activists to the three cardinal global ...
... usually in various guises . There are ways of categorizing conflicts according to the number of people involved . We can speak of intra - personal conflict going on within an individual — for instance , the state of mind induced by ...
... is just one example of the difficulties we had to face in trying to combine objectivity , as it is usually understood in scientific discourse , and partisanship , unavoidable in a sincere treatment of the Introduction XXV.
... usually satisfied if a person feels that he or she has some control over the environment . Possessing skills helps to actualize this need . The need for growth . Every normal human being wants to understand not only self but the world ...
Содержание
3 | |
14 | |
33 | |
The Attitudinal Perspective We and They | 53 |
Uses and Limitations of the Psychological Approach | 73 |
Ideology The Substrate of Thought | 97 |
The Ideal of Individual Freedom and the Cult of Property | 116 |
The Ideal of Collective Freedom and the Cult of Struggle | 135 |
The Intellectualization of War | 325 |
The Systemic View of the World | 347 |
Arms Races | 366 |
Indices Parameters and Trends | 393 |
The War System | 414 |
Pacifism | 443 |
Conceptions of a World Order | 489 |
Conflict Resolution and Conciliation | 510 |
Addiction to Power | 152 |
The Cult of Violence | 176 |
Ideological Issues of the Cold War | 196 |
The End of Ideology | 223 |
The Strategic Mode of Thought | 247 |
Limits of Individual Rationality | 276 |
Cooperative Games and Strategic Bargaining | 304 |
Problems of Peace Research | 537 |
Problems of Peace Education | 569 |
Concluding Remarks Can There Be a Science of Peace? | 585 |
Bibliography | 593 |
Name Index | 605 |
Subject Index | 611 |
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