Senator CLARK. So, 83 percent get by your physical? Senator CLARK. Now, let us hear the other standard? Mr. PAUL. Now the mental test is a little more complicated. In 1958 the Congress amended the Universal Military Training Service Act to authorize us to modify the mental test standards and under this authority the Army now administers a Supplemental Attitude Test Battery to those registered who are classed in mental group No. 4, which is the lowest mental category, and I believe is roughly the lower 30 percent. Mr. Wool. It is the lowest 20 percent of those who met minimum standards. The bottom 10 percent are not accepted under any circumstances. Mr. PAUL. I could say that as a result of the current screening procedures we disqualify, approximately, the lowest 15 percent of the draftible population on mental grounds alone. Of course, there is still over 30 percent of our inductees in the group No. 4 category, however. Senator CLARK. What is the group No. 4 category? Mr. PAUL. It ranges, I would ask Mr. Wool to give you a definition of it. Mr. Wool. It ranges from the 10th through the 30th percentile of the population based upon an Armed Forces qualification test. In other words, the bottom 20 percent of the acceptable group, since the lowest 10 percent are not minimally acceptable at all for service currently. Senator CLARK. Do you have any figures which would indicate what percentage of your inductees have completed high school? Mr. PAUL. We have some figures. Senator CLARK. And have completed college? At 23, they would normally have completed college if they were going to. Mr. PAUL. Yes, sir. Mr. WooL. For men who were recently inducted in the spring of 1963 we have the following statistics. There are among them 6 percent who were college graduates. Senator CLARK. You are now speaking of the draft only? Mr. Wool. Inductees. Senator CLARK. That does not mean volunteers, just draftees? Senator CLARK. All right. Mr. WOOL. There were an additional 17.6 percent who had some college training but had not graduated; 39.1 percent were high school graduates; 28.1 percent had some high school, but had not graduated; 9.2 percent had either a grade school education or had not completed the first 8 years of school. Senator CLARK. And these people are 23 years of age? Mr. WOOL. This is a median age, some of them, particularly those who had done graduate work are older; some men volunteered for the draft at a younger age, but the typical age in the past year has been about 23. Senator CLARK. Do you have any consolidated statistics which would include the enlisted in all three services with the draftees so you can give us a picture of the educational attainments of your enlisted force? Mr. PAUL. Yes, sir; we can supply that. Mr. Wool. We can supply that for the record; also attachedSenator CLARK. I do not recall whether that is among your charts. Mr. PAUL. I believe it at least is partially included. Mr. WOOL. We included a table which compared, by age group, the educational attainment of the armed services personnel as shown in the census with the corresponding civilian population. We thought that might be a more useful comparison. Senator CLARK. Well, if the answer to the question that I am asking you is already in your charts we will dig it out of there. Mr. GORHAM. Pardon me, Senator Clark, what is not in the chart is the distinction of educational characteristics of draftees and educational characteristics of enlistees which I think we can supply. Senator CLARK. I think that would be useful. Mr. PAUL. Yes, sir; we will supply that. (The information requested follows:) TABLE 4.-Educational level of enlisted personnel, Dec. 31, 1962 Senator CLARK. Do you want to go ahead, Mr. Paul? Mr. PAUL. Mr. Chairman, I don't believe so unless you would like me to continue. The rest just deals with our training programs and that is essentially all there is to the statement. Senator CLARK. What percentage of the men who pass through the 18- to 26-year age group actually serve in the military? Mr. PAUL. That is on one of our charts. Mr. WOOL. This is chart No. 3. Mr. PAUL. Of the people that have attained the age of 26, 58 percent have served or are serving. Senator CLARK. So that the young man coming out of school at age 18, let us say, and trying to figure his chances of avoiding military service, would find he has a little better than even chance of getting caught one way or another. Eighty percent of them eventually end up in the service? Mr. GORHAM. Well, if I might answer your question, Senator. If a young man knows his physical characteristics, if he is fairly assured that he is healthy, if he is assured that he is in the upper three-quarters or 80 percent of the population in intelligence, and if he is fairly assured that he will not be married or move into an occupation which has been defined by the selective service as deferrable, then with force levels projected to be constant I think he can have some degree of assurance that he will be drafted unless he enlists. If he votes negative on any of those items then he will not be drafted under the current rules. Senator CLARK. That is a complete answer to my question, and I think your statistics do give us an age pattern of the service, and the differences in aptitudes of family responsibilities of those who serve and those who do not. Could you say whether you get a higher level of capacity with the volunteer than you do with the draftee? Mr. Wool. We know from our educational level statistics, that on the one hand we get a larger percentage of college men and college graduates among the draftees, on the other hand, at the opposite side of the distribution we do get a larger percentage, too, of those with the least education. Among the enlistees our highest concentration is among the high school graduates, so that the inductees tend to be somewhat heavier at both extremes than the typical enlistee. Senator CLARK. Now, does the college inductee as a rule try to get himself to an officer training school, or does he just stay in as an enlisted man and get through his 2 years? Mr. Wool. The typical college inductee has usually had various opportunities to volunteer, depending upon the colleges too, of course, for either ROTC or similar program, to apply for officer training school and the like. These options do normally require a longer period of service commitment than for the inductee. Senator CLARK. So, after he has graduated from college, when he is inducted into the draft he probably wants to serve his 2 years and get out. Mr. WOOL. Exactly, sir. Senator CLARK. Can you give us any idea how your military training for skills differs from civilian training for the same skills? I imagine on the whole you can work them harder and acquire the skill quicker. Mr. PAUL. Yes, sir. I think our training probably is more narrowly devised than in the normal civilian economy. However, we do have comparisons, quite precise comparisons in certain skills that indicate there is a great deal of similarity. Senator CLARK. You can telescope in the course a bit more because you have their undivided attention." Mr. PAUL. Absolutely, yes, sir. Senator CLARK. I am going to insert in the record at this point some information which the Legislative Reference Service has obtained for us concerning compulsory military training in other countries. Identical copies of this letter were sent to the 11 countries (NATO) having conscription. Enclosed are the seven replies received to date. MILITARY ATTACHÉ, THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, LEGISLATIVE REFERENCE SERVICE, Washington, D.C., October 15, 1963. Embassy of Norway, Washington, D.C. DEAR SIR: In connection with research we are doing for the Congress we are attempting to assemble some statistics relating to military conscription in countries belonging to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Specifically, we would like to have information on the following questions: 1. What percentage of the military manpower requirements of Norway is supplied by conscription and what percentage by volunteers? 2. At what ages are men eligible for conscription? 3. What percentage of the men in this age group is serving in the military services? 4. What are the rates of rejection for mental and physical reasons, both of conscripts and volunteers? We would greatly appreciate any information that may be available. Since we are working under a deadline we would be grateful if you could possibly reply within the next 2 weeks. Please address any correspondence to Dr. Cedric W. Tarr, Jr., Foreign Affairs Division, Legislative Reference Service, the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. If it would be more convenient to phone, please call Dr. Tarr at 967-8132. Sincerely, HUGH L. ELSBREE, Director. EMBASSY OF BELGIUM, Washington, D.C., November 14, 1963. THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, Washington, D.C. (Attention: Dr. Cedric W. Tarr, Jr., Foreign Affairs Division). DEAR DR. TARR: I am referring to your letter dated October 15, 1963, relating to military conscription in Belgium. Please find hereafter information received on the subject, from our Ministry of Defense: 1. The military manpower in Belgium for year 1964 will be of 111,500 men consisting of 45 percent conscripts, 55 percent volunteers. 2. Men are eligible for conscription at the age of 19 to 24 (due to the fact that everybody has the privilege to request a total of five successive deferments, in order to complete studies). 3. In this age group (19 to 24) military service is compulsory with a very few exceptions, for reason as being the oldest son of a family of five children or more, for example: The term of service for a conscript is of 12 or 15 months depending of the fact the conscript chooses to serve out of Belgium (12 months) or in Belgium (15 months). The percentage of conscripts serving in the three forces shows as follows: Army. Air Force.. Navy- Percent 67.5 26 6.5 4. The percentage of conscripts rejected is for mental reasons, 1.5 percent; for physical unfitness, 6.3 percent. No statistic concerning volunteers has been furnished; however it should be considered that aptitude criteria for volunteers are more severe than those for drafted personnel; consequently candidates who would have been rejected as volunteers are reexamined as conscripts. I hope these few details will be helpful for your research and if I can be of any further help, please don't hesitate to contact me. Very truly yours, Maj. Gen. CORNET DE PEISSANT, Military, Naval, and Air Attaché. Lt. Col. J. PREMONT, Assistant Military, Naval, and Air Attaché. DEAR SIR: Reference is made to letter from the Library of Congress, Legislative Reference Service, dated October 16, 1963. I am pleased to furnish you with the following answers: The figures are all based on the actual strength. Conscripts may take examination of recruits during their 18th year of age, and may immediately thereafter be drafted for the Armed Forces. About 65 percent of the conscripts are 19 years old, while the remaining 35 percent are 20 to 27 years old, as postponement may be granted to university students, apprentices, etc., until their education has been completed. About 14 percent of the conscripts are marked as not fitted for any service. Very truly yours, Maj. Gen. N. E. LESCHLY. AMBASSADE DE FRANCE, Washington, D.C., October 31, 1963. Dr. CEDRIC W. TARR, Jr., Washington, D.C. DEAR DR. TARR: In answer to your letter dated October 15 I have the privilege to give you the following information which I have received today from France. The total military manpower requirements of France (officers and enlisted men) is supplied: In the army: By conscription, 66 percent; by volunteers, 34 percent. In the air force: By conscription, 30 percent; by volunteers, 70 percent. In the navy: By conscription, 25 percent; by volunteers, 75 percent. The requirements for enlisted men in the categories E-1 to E-5 (recruit to sergeant) is supplied: In the army: By conscription, 85 percent; by volunteers, 15 percent. In the air force: By conscription, 74 percent; by volunteers, 26 percent. In the navy: By conscription, 38 percent; by volunteers, 62 percent. Men are eligible for conscription when they reach 19 years of age. But there are many cases of temporary deferments for various reasons: studies, illness, etc. Military service in France is compulsory and universal. Therefore, all men who have proved mentally and physically fit will serve in the military services when they reach 19 years of age, or at the end of the temporary deferment period which might have been granted to them. The rate of rejection of conscripts for medical reason (mental and physical) is 18 percent. The rate of rejection of volunteers has not been computed and is believed to be very low. Maj. Gen. MICHEL DORANCE, |