Master-control station receives 1. All traffic channels from all stations for monitoring levels, occupancy, and technical operations, and metering of time usage. 2. Standard pilot frequency for monitoring. 3. Its own traffic channels. 4. Supervisory simplex channel. 5. Party-line simplex channel(s). 6. Telemetry for monitoring satellite conditions. NOTE.-Master control station must also keep the second (standby) satellite under control and in readiness in a displaced position which requires duplicate radio equipment for this purpose. A communication ground station transmits 1. Its own traffic channels. 2. Supervisory control simplex channel. 3. Party line simplex channel. A communication ground station receives 1. Standard pilot frequency and standard time. 2. Its own traffic channels including reserve channels for demand services. 3. Carrier channel switching signals. 4. Supervisory simplex channel. 5. Party line simplex channel. APPENDIX II Examples of how permanent telephone channel assignments could be made in an Atlantic satellite system of 1920 1-way (960 duplex) channels with 108 channels reserved for general demand use. Time sharing of channels can greatly increase the channels available for local busy hours over those shown. FIG. 2 APPROXIMATE LOCUS OF POINTS OF 5 ALTITUDE OF TWO SYNCHRONOUS SATELLITES ON THE EQUATOR AT 20°W AND 180°. channels 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19etc supr intercom FIG.3 CHANNEL DIAGRAM to other stations Mr. ENGSTROM. Thank you, sir. Senator LONG. We will now hear from General Telephone; Mr. Herbert Trotter, Jr. I would like to ask you, if you possibly can, to try to abbreviate this statement, Mr. Trotter, particularly insofar as you might be able to eliminate a certain amount of duplication in explaining technical problems that the Radio Corp. of America witness gave to us, and I will have your entire statement printed in the record.1 STATEMENT OF DR. HERBERT TROTTER, JR., PRESIDENT, GENERAL TELEPHONE & ELECTRONICS LABORATORIES, INC., NEW YORK, N.Y., ACCOMPANIED BY THEODORE F. BROPHY, VICE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL, NEW YORK, N.Y. Dr. TROTTER. My name is Dr. Herbert Trotter, Jr. I am president of General Telephone & Electronics Laboratories, Inc., the research. activity of the General system. Theodore F. Brophy, vice president and general counsel of General Telephone & Electronics Corp., will be the other witness for the General system. General Telephone & Electronics Corp.-which I will call G.T. & E. controls telephone operating companies serving more than 4,700,000 telephones in 31 States-including Alaska-and three foreign countries as well as manufacturing companies producing a broad range of communications, electronic, and electrical devices. The telephone subsidiaries and affiliates of the General Telephone system operate international circuits to the United States and to Puerto Rico from the Dominican Republic, and to the United States from Haiti and from Manila in the Philippines. The G.T. & E. affiliate in Alaska has been authorized by the FCC to construct a tropospheric scatter communications system which will connect 1 See app. 7, p. 539. See also exhibit XXV, p. 508. Alaska with Canada and, through a Canadian subsidiary of G.T. & E., with the 48 mainland States. The General system through its manufacturing and research facilities has carried out a number of studies of space problems and has participated in missile and radar programs having direct applicability to communications satellites. For example, G.T. & E.'s subsidiary, Sylvania, is presently responsible for the design, development and installation of the ground antenna system for the ADVENT military communications satellite program. Exhibit No. 1 is as follows:) Dr. TROTTER. This antenna is 60 feet in diameter at the top, to give you some idea of the size and complexity of it. In addition, the General system recently announced the development of the first solid-state microwave transmitter for space communications and displayed an ultrareliable, solid-state radio receiver capable of microminiaturization (exhibits 2 and 3). This transmitter will produce 2 watts, which is all that is needed in the stationary satellite. It is entirely solid state, no vacuum tubes in it. You can see it is very compact and highly reliable. Senator LONG. What does that weigh? Dr. TROTTER. Probably about 4 or 5 pounds, and that includes the heat sink in it. Senator LONG. We are ahead of the Russians, as I understand it, in the art of miniaturization, but how well are we doing in keeping them from finding out where we are in this field? The Japanese are pretty good at this and this information tends to get around when more than one nation knows it. Dr. TROTTER. My personal view is the only way you keep ahead is by continually pushing the state of the art with research and development; that there is a certain amount of leakage at the bottom of the bucket, and the only thing you can do is pour it in faster at the top than it leaks out of the bottom. That is the only way we can stay ahead of the Russians. Senator LONG. Can you give me some idea how far ahead we are of the Russians? Dr. TROTTER. I would hate to venture the details on that. You see, this final one is even smaller than a pencil and this is built for ultrahigh reliability in the order of 10,000 to 20,000 hours before failure. |