APPENDIX A ALPHABETICAL LIST OF WITNESSES Agan, Maj. Gen. Arthur, Jr., U.S. Air Force, Deputy Chief of Staff Page1 (Plans), Headquarters, Air Defense Command___ 2135 Anderson, Adm. George W., U.S. Navy, Chief of Naval Operations--- 258 1320 Bailey, Maj. John Stephen, Office of the Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence, Eurasian Division, U.S.S.R. Branch, Department of the Army 2459 Ball, Hon. George W., Under Secretary of State-- 717, 752, 2762, 2807, 2857, 2912 Beerstecher, Robert Eugene, Chief, civilian adviser to the Director of Warning and Threat Assessment, Office of the Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence, U.S. Air Force__. 1989 Broger, John C., Director of the Directorate for Armed Forces Information and Education, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Manpower) Buchsbaum, Maj. John H., Chief of the Review Branch, Personnel Security Division, Office of the Assistant Chief of Staff, G-2 1st U.S. Army Burke, Adm. Arleigh, U.S. Navy (retired) – 989 2550, 2593 17, 144 Burns, Lt. Col. Lee H., Chief, Security Division, U.S. Military Academy, Burris, Philip H., Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Public Carlin, Chaplain (Lt. Col.) John A., Chief, U.S. Air Force Chaplain 833 2167 2269 Comer, Maj. Edward, Chief, Military, United States and World Affairs 2069 2493 Decker, Gen. George H., Chief of Staff, U.S. Army 521 Dodge, Maj. Gen. C. G., Chief of Public Information and Chief of Information, Department of the Army-.. 1063, 1127 Edmundson, Maj. Gen. J.V., Director of Personnel Procurement and Training, U.S. Air Force__. 1691, 1700 Fitch, Maj. Gen. Alva R., Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence, U.S. 1537, 1579, 1597 Gallaher, Capt. A. R., U.S. Navy, Assistant Chief of Naval Personnel for Education and Training 1320, 1337 Gantz, Lt. Col. Kenneth F., U.S. Air Force, editor, Air University Gentner, Rear Adm. William E., Jr., Chairman, Navy and Marine Corps 697 Hamlett, Gen. Barksdale, Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army_ 2118 1626 Hardenburg, Comdr. H. T., Counterintelligence Branch, Office of Naval 2092, 2102 Hays, Col. Otis E., Jr., Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Military 2029 Heintges, Maj. Gen. John A., Deputy Director, Joint Staff, Joint Chiefs of Staff 2368 1 Page numbers refer to location of testimony in the printed hearings entitled "Military Cold War Education and Speech Review Policies." 36 Herron, Francis W., Deputy Director of the Policy Plans and Guidance Page 895 1320, 1375 Hinkle, Charles W., Director of the Directorate for Security Review, Office 350 2661 910, 971 Lawrence, Willis D., Assistant Director for Policy and Procedures of the Directorate for Security Review, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs) –. 299, 507 Lemnitzer, Gen. Lyman L., U.S. Army, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Lobov, Sgt. Alexander, U.S. Air Force_-_ Lowrance, Rear Adm. Vernon L., Director of Naval Intelligence, U.S. 101 1821 2092, 2102 Luehman, Maj. Gen. A. H., Director, Office of Information, U.S. Air Force 1691, 1701, 1741 McNamara, Hon. Robert S., Secretary of Defense_. 507 Marshall, Brig. Gen. S. L. A., U.S. Army Reserve (retired) ‒‒‒‒ Mott, Rear Adm. William C., U.S. Navy, Judge Advocate General of the 571 1063, 1127 Muzyk, Col. Alexander F., Chief, Troop Information Division, Office of Rasmessen, Col. Edward B., U.S. Air Force.. 2240 673 880 Runge, Hon. Carlisle P., Assistant Secretary of Defense (Manpower)__ 905, 971 Sala, Dr. Frederick R., member of the staff and faculty, U.S. Army Intelligence School, Fort Holabird, Md‒‒‒‒ 1896 Sanger, Capt. Kenneth J., U.S. Navy, Director, Recruiting Division, Bureau of Naval Personnel_. 2417 Shoup, Gen. David M., U.S. Marine Corps, Commandant of the Marine 205 Stevenson, Maj. Howard G., U.S. Army, Office, Chief of Information, U.S. Smith, Rear Adm. D. F., Jr., U.S. Navy, Chief of Information, U.S. Navy- 1785 646 231 2052 Sylvester, Hon. Arthur, Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs). 369, 2961 Tarwater, Lt. Col. Benjamin Wylie, U.S. Air Force, staff officer, Joint 2493 Thorin, Lt. Duane, U.S. Navy (retired). 2300 Trudeau, Lt. Gen. Arthur G., U.S. Army, Chief of Research and Development, Department of the Army_. 29 Tubby, Hon. Roger W., Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs_- 796, 816 Turner, Lt. James E., Jr., 109th Ordnance Battalion, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md__. 2201 Wadsworth, Lt. Comdr. Frank A., U.S. Navy, officer in charge, Instructor 1944 Wagasky, Lt. Col. Sylvester L., U.S. Air Force, Director of Intelligence, Headquarters Continental Air Command, Robins Air Force Base, Ga---- 2597 Walker, Edwin A., former major general, U.S. Army_. 1389, 1433, 1503 Weigand, Col. Jack L., Chief, Counterintelligence Branch, Security Division, Office of the Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence, U.S. Army_. Welch, Franklin L., Assistant Chief, Counter Intelligence Division, Office of Directorate of Special Investigations, U.S. Air Force_-_ 1856 1918 White, Gen. Thomas D., U.S. Air Force (retired). 177 Williams, Maj. Gen. Collin P., New York National Guard_ 2661 2626 APPENDIX B STATEMENTS FILED WITH SUBCOMMITTEE Statements from General of the Army Dwight D. Eisenhower, former President of the Page1 United States--. 5 Hon. Robert A. Lovett, former Secretary of Defense_. 8 178 Robert E. Hansen, commander in chief, Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States___ 492 General of the Army Dwight D. Eisenhower, former President of the 515 Gen. J. Lawton Collins, U.S. Army (retired). American Legion--- 565 568 641 645 707 709 1177 1405 3117 3121 3128 3129 3131 Gen. Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr., U.S. Marine Corps (retired). 3135 3136 Hon. Neil H. McElroy, former Secretary of Defense_ Dr. James D. Atkinson, associate professor of government, Georgetown University- 3147 1 Page numbers refer to location of statements in the printed hearings entitled "Military Cold War Education and Speech Review Policies." 38 APPENDIX C SUMMARY OF THE HISTORY, BACKGROUND, PROCEDURES, AND APPLICATION OF THE SPEECH REVIEW PROCESS [Prepared by the staff of the Special Preparedness Subcommittee] DEVELOPMENT OF CLEARANCE POLICY The review and clearance of speeches for policy matters before their delivery by members of the Defense Establishment is sanctioned by Presidential directives. Toward the end of World War II, some speeches were reviewed by the Department of State under an arrangement with the Office of War Information. However, formal speech reviews as an effort by the President to insure that in their public statements the members of his administration enunciated our national security policies in unison-did not originate until the early postwar period. In a press conference statement on September 20, 1946, President Truman declared: No member of the executive branch of the Government will make any public statement as to foreign policy which is in conflict with our established foreign policy. Any public statement on foreign policy shall be cleared with the Department of State. In case of disagreement, the matter will be referred to me. President Truman formalized this press statement in a memorandum to the heads of department and independent agencies of the executive branch on December 5, 1950 (Tr., p. 434). President Truman's directives were reaffirmed by President Eisenhower at a Cabinet meeting on March 11, 1960, when he reminded the Cabinet that no speech which would affect our foreign relations should be made by any member of the Administration without a prior check with the Department of State. President Kennedy informally reaffirmed the coordination procedure at his press conference on February 9, 1961, when he stated: I would hope that those who make speeches in the area of national security, chiefs of staff, and others, and all others, would attempt to have those speeches coordinated with the Department of State and with the White House, so that we can make sure that those speeches represent national policy. 39 In a TV interview on February 17, 1961, Secretary of Defense McNamara voiced a very simple and strongly held belief*** that it's inap- This informal statement was subsequently made official by Department of Defense Directive 5230.13 issued by Secretary McNamara on May 31, 1961 (Tr., p. 452). DIRECTIVES AND PROCEDURES On August 17, 1957, Secretary of Defense Wilson issued Directive No. 5122.2 setting forth the responsibilities and functions of the Directorate for Security Review in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs (Tr., p. 436). Among other things, it was provided that this office should review material originated within the Department of Defense In Department of Defense Directive 5230.13 dated May 31, 1961, the following rule is laid down: 4. In public discussions, all officials of the Department should confine themselves to defense matters. They should particularly avoid discussion of foreign policy matters, a field which is reserved for the President and the Department of State. *** Secretary McNamara has, however, stated that his reference to "public discussions" does not encompass congressional testimony. He made this statement in response to a question from Senator Russell in his testimony before the Senate Committee on Armed Services on September 6, 1961. The Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs now operates under a charter set forth in Department of Defense Directive 5122.5 dated July 10, 1961 (Tr., p. 444), which requires him to provide for a review of official speeches, press releases, photographs, films, and other information originating within the Department of Defense for public release. The charter states that "this review will be for conflict with established policies or programs of the Department of Defense or of the National Government." The review function is actually performed by the Directorate for Security Review. As indicated, the Directorate for Security Review reviews a speech for conflict with established Department of Defense policies and established policies of the National Government. It is, of course, also reviewed for security matters and incidentally for technical accuracy. In addition, if it is determined that a speech deals with foreign policy, then it is mandatory that it be coordinated with and cleared by the Department of State. |