The following additional draft resolutions proposed by various delegations were adopted by the Conference without change. Since their texts are incorporated in the Final Act, they are not reproduced here. I Tribute to Brazil II Tribute to the Memory of Presidents Roosevelt and Berreta III Tribute to Mr. Trygve Lie IV Restoration of Peace in Paraguay V Tribute to the Memory of Leo S. Rowe VI Tribute to Mr. Alberto Lleras Camargo VIII Representation of the United Nations IX Economic Cooperation X Pacific System of Security XII Preamble of the Organic Pact of the Inter-American System XIV Tribute to Senator Vandenberg XV Tribute to Minister Raul Fernandes PART 3 Working Documents REPORT OF COMMITTEE I GENTLEMEN: The draft preamble reveals, in three aspects, the steadfastness of the Americas in their loyalty to unity of spirit. In the first place, it establishes the harmony of the policies and the institutions of the continent with world organization of States. The text follows the letter and spirit of the San Francisco Charter; but it does not deny the historical existence of earlier ties which regulate the relations of our countries furthered and strengthened in the course of more than half a century. The compatibility of the regional arrangements with the wider scope and expanded responsibility of the United Nations springs from the nature and purpose of the statute, which permits and consecrates it, less by conceding a privilege than by understanding the needs of sister peoples united by reason and sentiment. The existence of these precedents is evident in the origin of the Treaty, that is the obligation contracted in Mexico to establish an agreement to solve problems relating to the consolida tion of continental peace and security. The Act of Chapultepec separates the past from the future. On the one hand, we have the rough road of the hard-earned achievements of the Pan-American Union; and on the other, the outlook for an international organization wherein all Nations may put in effect procedures required for the maintenance of peace. In the second place, we reaffirm the principles of Inter-American solidarity and cooperation, especially those set forth in Chapultepec and accepted as standards of mutual relations and as the juridical basis of our system. We do not overlook the fact, it is true, that some of the States deprived themselves of the benefits accruing from the adoption of the high and dignifying standards of international intercourse by failing to ratify the Pact; nevertheless the signing of or access to the new pact ratified in accordance with constitutional processes of these States, will admit them into this circle of juridical discipline. We obligate ourselves in common to respect and protect this honorable legacy until after the passage of time it shall be improved and perfected. And, as the implementation of an InterAmerican system for peace is now in sight, it is worth while for the Contracting Parties to reiterate their intention to improve and give organic plan to the means for the pacific settlement of controversies by a treaty. In the third place, it becomes clear that all efforts for cooperation within the field of law and facts has as its principal aim a policy of peace. And what peace would this be unless based on morals and justice? As the evolution of internal regimes is characterized by the gradual submission of the State to Law, so also the perfection of the international community must be achieved by its reconciliation with a juridical order, on the assumption that it contains within itself the elements necessary to make it effective. But peace will only become assured when there are guarantees that the rights and liberties of all men are protected in every country; when the essential well-being of the great national communities is assured; and when Democracy is practised with sincerity and conviction. Since this is our belief, we did not omit the precaution of mentioning in the first lines of the project, that the States, convened here, act, debate and deliberate in the name of their peoples-in order to lend prestige by this formula to the resolutions passed and to remind the citizens of each of the contracting Nations that their desires in this solemn assembly of nations have been taken into consideration. Such is the humanistic concept based on a profound faith in the trends of the American community, which informs, guides and clarifies the Treaty. In this light the basic articles which contain two principles-that of the repudiation of war and the pacific settlement of controversies-must be interpreted. They complement each other in the remaining provisions of the pact, which were entrusted to the wisdom and foresight of the Second and Third Committees. The drafting of protocolary articles followed a sound technique and the best doctrine. The treaty shall enter in effect as soon as twothirds of the contracting parties have ratified it; it will be kept open in Rio de Janeiro to the signatures of the States that did not take part in our deliberations. The ratifications shall be deposited in the Pan-American Union; and the registration of the text at the Secretariat General of the United Nations is also provided for. Concluded for an unlimited period, the pact is subject to denunciation, which shall take effect only after two years have passed following notification of denunciation. The First Committee, whose labors are briefly referred to in the exposition annexed to this document, has completed its work, renewing its faith in the vigor and in the continuity of our hopes for a just and free peace. I am pleased to repeat, on this occasion, the words of Joaquim Nabuco, in Washington, almost forty years ago: "Here the vote of the smallest has the same weight as that of the largest nation. So many sovereign States could not convene spontaneously in such intimate contact, save for an irresistible force and unless it were not present in all of them; in the depths or on the surface of each conscience, a sense of the common destiny of all America did not exist”. Final Draft of the Project of Committee I PREAMBLE AND PRINCIPLES The High Contracting Parties, representing their peoples, animated by the desire to consolidate and strengthen their relations of friendship and good neighborhood, and WHEREAS: Resolution VIII of the Inter-American Conference on Problems of Peace, held in Mexico, recommended the conclusion of a treaty designed to prevent and check threats or acts of aggression against any of the American countries; The High Contracting Parties reiterate their desire to remain united under an Inter-American system compatible with the purposes and principles of the United Nations, according to the terms of their Charter, and reaffirm the existence of the agreement which they concluded to apply in matters relating to the Maintenance of International Peace and Security, which may be susceptible to regional action; The High Contracting Parties reaffirm their adhesion to the prin ciples of Inter-American solidarity and cooperation and especially to the principles stated in the Considerations and the Declarations of the Act of Chapultepec, all of which should be accepted as standards in their mutual relations and as a juridical basis for the Inter-American system; With the purpose of improving procedures for peaceful settlement of their controversies and for their embodiment into a system, they intend to conclude the treaty of "The Inter-American System for Peace", provided for by Resolution XXXIX of the "Inter-American Conference on Problems of War and Peace"; The obligation for mutual assistance and for the common defense of the American Republics is basically linked with their community of democratic ideals and their constant cooperation to achieve a purpose and principles of a policy of peace; The American regional community maintains as a manifest truth that juridical organization is an effective condition for security and peace, and that peace is founded on justice and moral order, resting, therefore, upon the recognition and international protection of the rights and freedoms of the human person, and on the indispensable welfare of peoples as well as on the effectiveness of democracy, for the achievement of international justice and security; Resolve: In accordance with the aforementioned objectives-to conclude a treaty for the purpose of securing peace by every means, of providing effective reciprocal assistance to meet armed attacks against any American State, and of warding off threats of aggression against any of them; And for this purpose have appointed their Plenipotentiaries, to wit: Who, upon the presentation of their respective full credentials and after these have been found to be in good order, have agreed upon the following articles: Article 1 The High Contracting Parties formally condemn war and obligate themselves in their international relations not to resort to the threat or to the use of force in any form incompatible with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations and of the present Treaty. Article 2 As a consequence of the aforementioned principle the High Contracting Parties undertake to submit all controversies which may arise among them, to methods of peaceful settlement, and to endeavour to settle them among themselves by procedures in effect in the InterAmerican System, before referring them to the General Assembly or the Security Council of the United Nations. PROTOCOLARY ARTICLES Article A This treaty shall enter in force among the States which ratify it as soon as the ratifications of two thirds of the High Contracting Parties shall have been deposited. Article B This treaty will be available for the signature of the American States in the City of Rio de Janeiro, and shall be ratified by the signatory States without delay, in accordance with their respective constitutional procedures. The ratifications will be forwarded for deposit to the Pan-American Union which will notify all the signatory States of each deposit. Such notifications shall be considered as an exchange of ratifications. Article C The present Treaty shall be registered in the General Secretariat of the United Nations by the Pan-American Union after the ratifications have been deposited by two thirds of the signatory States. Article D This Treaty will remain in force indefinitely, but may be renounced by any of the High Contracting Parties through written notification to the Pan-American Union, which will convey to each of the other High Contracting Parties each notice of renunciation it may receive. Two years after the date upon which the Pan-American Union may receive a notification of renunciation from any of the High Contracting Parties, the present Treaty will cease to be in force with respect to such States, remaining active for all the rest of the High Contracting Parties. Supplement to the Report of Committee I SUMMARY OF WORK 1st Session-August 18, 1947 The following officers were elected: Chairman: Uruguay-Mr. Mateo Marques Castro |