of an American State shall be considered as an act of aggression against all the American States; and k) The juridical equality of States; Considering, Moreover, that Resolution VIII of the Conference of Mexico City recommended the conclusion of a treaty destined to avoid or repel threats or acts of aggression against any one of them; and Considering, finally, that the Charter of the United Nations, signed on June 26, 1945 in San Francisco, California expressly provides in Articles 33 and 52 that regional agencies or arrangements be resorted to for the pacific settlement of local disputes; Have resolved to conclude a treaty to carry out the purposes expressed in the Act of Chapultepec in consonance with the Charter of the United Nations, and for this purpose have appointed as their Plenipotentiaries: who, having communicated their respective full powers, found to be in good and due form, have agreed to the following: Peru THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES, in representation of their peoples, Desirous of continuing to stimulate the peaceful progress of their peoples until the total redemption of the Continent is achieved through the constant realization of comprehensive and loyal cooperation, free of any intent at domination; Inspired by their boundless will to live in peace in order to lend dignity to the life and efforts of the peoples of America through the rule of right and morality and the fulfillment of their primary right to serenity and well-being; Mindful of the need to provide a complete and solidary defense of the patrimony of liberty, independence, democracy, juridical rule and material goods accumulated in the Continent through the genius and labor of their peoples; In the assurance that love for peace will restrict the application of these provisions for defense to what is strictly necessary and proper without perturbing the fundamental inspiration of the juridical framework of America or the unanimous pacifist aspirations to which this framework is consecrated; The Delegation of Peru believes that the Preamble of the Treaty on Security and Mutual Assistance should include a reference to American solidarity as a fundamental foundation in its two closely associated aspects: that of mutual defense and that of a policy of peace. Therefore, it proposes that the following text be inserted in the Preamble: "That the obligation of the American Nations to aid each other and to work for the common defense of their personality, sovereignty, political independence and territorial integrity is essentially linked to its community of democratic ideals and to its permanent cooperation in the fulfillment of the principles and purposes of a policy of peace". Proposal for Additional Paragraph of Preamble Omit the words "or organism" in the second Whereas. Add to the fourth Whereas: "to the end that Inter-American procedures for the peaceful settlement of disputes be improved and to consolidate such procedures in an Inter-American system for Peace". United States The Governments represented at the Inter-American Conference for the Maintenance of Continental Peace and Security, desirous of strengthening inter-American arrangements for the prevention of armed conflict involving any American state in order to contribute to the maintenance of international peace and security, contemplating that the American states will undertake to conclude the treaty being prepared under Resolution XXXIX of the InterAmerican Conference on Problems of War and Peace for the purpose of improving inter-American procedures for settling their disputes by peaceful means and of consolidating such procedures into an InterAmerican Peace System, considering that in the Act of Chapultepec signed at the InterAmerican Conference on Problems of War and Peace it is recommended that a treaty to deal with threats or acts of aggression against any American State be concluded, considering that under Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, the members of the United Nations have reserved freedom to exercise the inherent right of individual and collective self-defense against armed attack until the Security Council has taken the measures necessary to maintain international peace and security, considering that under Article 52 of the Charter of the United Nations the existence of regional arrangements of agencies for dealing with such matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security as are appropriate for regional action is not precluded, provided that such arrangements or agencies and their activities are consistent with the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations, and considering further that under Article 53 of the Charter of the United Nations enforcement action may be taken under regional arrangements or by regional agencies with the authorization of the Security Council, have resolved to conclude a treaty to carry out the recommendations of the Act of Chapultepec within the framework of the Charter of the United Nations in order to provide for effective reciprocal assistance to meet armed attacks against any American state and in order to deal with threats of aggression against any of them, and for this purpose have appointed the following plenipotentiaries (here insert names) who, after having deposited their Full Powers, found to be in good and due form, have agreed as follows: Uruguay Proposed Addition to Paragraph 5 of the Preamble Whereas the system of pacific settlement established by this Treaty is susceptible of completion by institutions which would give it full effect and, of course, with the understanding that every dispute has a de jure solution which must be defined, as a last resort, by an unrestricted judicial or arbitral power; Whereas, upon the establishment of this regional arrangement for peace and security, none of its stipulations will justify an armaments policy and, under this Treaty, no armaments may exceed the limit for common defense. Bolivia B. PROPOSALS FOR A STATEMENT I Article 1 The American Republics, juridically equal among themselves, solemnly declare their repudiation of war as an instrument of national policy or as a procedure for the solution of differences among themselves. To that end they undertake the obligation to resort to the adjustment or settlement of any dispute or situation which might disrupt their friendly relations by the pacific, diplomatic, and juridical means recognized by international law. Article 2 The American Republics reciprocally guarantee respect for the inviolability of their territories, and their immutability except in the case of pacific settlement denying juridical validity to territorial acquisitions originating in acts of force and other means of effective coercion. The same reciprocal guarantee is granted [to] respect for their political independence and for the right of each one to achieve its own welfare and to develop freely without the intervention or supervision of another State. II Article 1 The American Republics, juridically equal among themselves, declare their repudiation of war as an instrument of national policy or as a procedure for the solution of differences among themselves. To that end, they undertake the obligation to settle any controversy or situation that might disrupt their friendly relations, by the pacific, diplomatic, and juridical means recognized by International Law. They likewise undertake to recognize the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice as obligatory for all of them in any of the disputes enumerated in Article 36, paragraph 2 of the Statute of the Court. Article 2 The American Republics reciprocally guarantee respect for the inviolability of their territories, and will not recognize as legally binding territorial acquisitions originating in acts of force or other measures of coercion. They grant each other the same reciprocal guarantee with regard to their political independence and the principle of non-intervention. Brazil Article 1 The High Contracting Parties, consistent with the principles of the Charter of the United Nations, agree to submit the disputes which may arise among them to methods of pacific settlement and to seek to settle them among themselves by the procedures in use in this hemisphere before referring them to the General Assembly or to the Security Council of the United Nations. Article 2 The High Contracting Parties formally condemn wars of aggression and agree not to resort to the use of force in their mutual relations, except in the exercise of legitimate defense, duly proved, or by virtue of collective action determined by the competent organ of the United Nations. 772629-48-6 Article 3 The High Contracting Parties shall consider as unfriendly and shall adopt adequate methods to prevent the intrusion of an extracontinental power in any American country which has no pre-existent relations of political dependence with the said power, provided such intrusion threatens or endangers the national security, territorial integrity or political independence of that country or constitutes the exercise of any form of preponderant foreign influence upon its destinies. Chile Article 7 The Signatory States obligate themselves to submit disputes arising among them to methods of pacific settlement and to make all possible efforts to obtain the pacific settlement of such disputes by means of the inter-American regional agreements and agencies before submitting them to the Security Council or the General Assembly of the United Nations. Ecuador Article 1 1. The community of American Republics constitutes a Regional Agency within the United Nations Organization, in conformity with Chapter VIII of its Charter, and assumes the rights and duties of such. 2. The American Regional Agency confirms the full force of interAmerican treaties, conventions and agreements whereby its members obligate themselves to adjust their mutual relations to the principles and norms of American international public law. 3. It reaffirms its determination to make effective continental harmony, cooperation, justice, peace and security, based on the autonomy, independence and territorial integrity of each State; on the sovereign equality of all American States; on nonintervention in their domestic affairs; on the peaceful solution of international disputes or situations which may compromise harmony or endanger the peace, security, sovereignty or political independence of every American Nation; on the solidarity of all the American nations against any attempt or threat of aggression that might affect any one of them; on the proscription of territorial conquest and the non-recognition of any acquisition made by means of pressure, intimidation or force; and on the fulfillment, by each and every one of the American Nations, of their international contractual obligations, freely entered into, so long as |