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Reprinted from the Department of State Bulletin of October 26 and November 2, 1947

United States Government Printing Office
Washington 1947

For sale by the Superintendent of Governments, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.

EIGHTIETH CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION,

AND THE UNITED NATIONS

by Sheldon Z. Kaplan

It is the well-established policy of the United States to place major reliance on the United Nations as the central organization for the maintenance of international peace and the promotion of international cooperation. The article which follows is the first of a series of two describing the activities of the First Session of the Eightieth Congress in fulfilling the obligations which flow from this policy.

Part I

1. Introduction

Students of American foreign policy will remember the Seventy-ninth Congress of the United States as the legislative body which made possible the beginning of a new era in international relations: the participation of this Government in the world organization upon which rests the hope of mankind for the achievement of international peace and security-the United Nations.1 But the Eightieth Congress will be remembered for the excellent beginnings made by its First Session toward the enactment of municipal legislation needed to implement the responsibilities which flow from that participation. Notwithstanding a congested legislative calendar, due in part to the application of the new machinery of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946,3 and

2

1

1 United Nations Participation Act of 1945, Public Law 264, 79th Cong., 1st sess. (Dec. 20, 1945); 59 Stat. 619 (1945), 22 U.S.C. sec. 287 (supp. 1946).

'The Congress convened Jan. 3, 1947, and adjourned at 3:50 a. m. Sunday, July 27, 1947, under a special agreement which permits the Republican leadership, consisting of the president pro tempore of the Senate, the speaker of the House of Representatives, the majority leader of the Senate, and the majority leader of the House of Representatives, all acting jointly, to notify the members of the Congress to reassemble in special session whenever in the opinion of those four leaders the public interest shall warrant it. See S. Con. Res. 33, providing for the adjournment of the two Houses of Congress until Jan. 2, 1948, as amended by the House. (Cong. Rec., July 26, 1947, p. 10599.) Without such a provision a call could be issued only by the President of the United States, who always has that right.

Public Law 601, 79th Cong., 2d sess. (Aug. 2, 1946), the major provisions of which became effective Jan. 2, 1947 (see sec. 142 of the act).

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