76. The words latitude and longitude followed by figures are abbreviated in parentheses, footnotes, sidenotes, tables, and leader work, and the figures are closed up. lat. 52°33'05" N. long. 13°21'10'' E. 77. Temperature and gravity are expressed in figures with the degree mark; the following abbreviations are used: 78. References to meridian in statements of time are abbreviated as follows: 10 a.m. 2:30 p.m. (equal space each side of colon) 12 m. (noon) (a) The word o'clock is not needed with the above abbreviations. 79. Metric abbreviations are simply the initial letters of the respective units combined with the initial letters of the prefixes, set in lower-case and without period, the same form being used for both singular and plural. (a) A similar plan of abbreviation applies to any unit based on the 80. The units of English weight and measure are abbreviated as follows, the same form of abbreviation being used for both singular and plural: Money grain (s), not abbreviated dram dr., lb., pound cwt., hundredweight ton(s), not abbreviated gill (s), not abbreviated qt., quart gal., gallon pk., peck bu., bushel bbl., barrel 81. For terms indicating money the following abbreviations and symbols are used: (For the abbreviations of other terms indicating foreign money, see Foreign Coins, p. 155.) NUMERALS (See also Tabular Work; Leader Work) Arabic numerals are generally preferable to roman numerals. Most rules for the use of arabic numerals are based on the general principle that they are used in expressions of quantity or measurement, in enumerations, and in matter that is primarily statistical, but that numbers are spelled out in certain connections for special reasons. The following rules cover the most common conditions that require a decision between the use of arabic numerals and words. Some of them, however, are based on typographic appearance rather than on the general principle stated above. 82. The comma is used in a number containing four or more digits, except in serial numbers. (See also rule 84.) 2,349 Quantities and measurements 364,320 8,123,400 83. Quantities and measurements are expressed in figures, as indicated below. Clock time (see also Time): 4:30 p.m. (equal space each side of colon) 10 o'clock or 10 p.m. (preferably not 10 o'clock p.m.) 4h30m or 4.5h, in scientific work, if so written in copy Dates: June 1917; June 29, 1917 (not June, 1917, or June 29th, 1917) the 5th instant 4th of July (but Fourth of July, meaning the holiday) the 1st [day] of the month (but the last of April or the first of May, not referring to specific days) In referring to a fiscal year, consecutive years, or a continuous period covering more than two years the contracted forms 1931-32, 1801-2, 1875-79 are used (but 1895-1914, 1900-1901); for two or more separate years not representing a continuous period a comma is used instead of a dash (1875, 1879). Decimals: In text a cipher should be supplied before a decimal point if there is no unit, and ciphers should be omitted after a decimal point unless they indicate exact measurement. 0.25 inch silver 0.900 fine specific gravity 0.9547 gage height 10.0 feet but .30 caliber (meaning 0.30 inch; bore of small arms); 30 calibers 12 percent; 25.5 percent; 0.5 percent (or one half of 1 percent) Proportion: 1 to 4 1:62,500 (equal space each side of colon) Time (see also Clock time): 6 hours 8 minutes 20 seconds 10 years 3 months 29 days 8 days i |