39 Behind the Wre http://www.cageprisoners.com/interviews php?aid=125, Interview by CagePrisoners with Maha Habib, wife of Guantanamo http://www.unhchr.ch/html/hchr/docs/annex.doc: Hannah Alam, Missing Iraqis Baieved to be Lost in Abu Ghraib Prison, Fourth Geneva Convention, supra note 84, at art 143 ICCPR, supra note 203, at art 9, ENDURING FREEDOM REPORT. supra note 11, at 51. Red Cross Statement, supra note 5: Salahuddin, supra note 37. TAGUBA REPORT, supra, note 104 (staling the "320th MP Battalion held a handful of ghost detainees that they moved around within the facility to hide them from a visiting International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) survey team."). THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS OF AUG. 12, 1949. COMMENTARY IV GENEVA CONVENTION 51 (Jean Pictet ed. 1994); see also 252 NIGEL S ROOLEY, THE TREATMENT OF PRISONERS UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW 244 (2nd ed. Oxford 1999) 253 Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons Under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment (Principle 16), G.A. Res. 43/173, UN GAOR, 43d Sess. Annex. Supp. No. 49. UN Doc. A/43/49 (1988), available at http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/43/a43r173.htm (accessed Jan 21, 2005), Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners, UN Doc A/CONF/611, annex 1, E. SC. Res 663C (XXIV) (July 31, 1957), UN ESCOR, Supp No 1, at 11. UN Doc E/3048 (1957), amended by E.SC. Res. 2076, (LXII) (May 13, 1977), UN ESCOR, Supp. No 1, at 35, U.N. Doc. E/5988 (1977), available at http www unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/h_comp34 htm (accessed Jan. 21, 2005). **UN Body of Principles, supra note 253, at principle 12, Standard Minimum Rules, supra note 253, at rules 4, 7, 95 259 Amnesty Int), DISAPPEARANCES AND POLITICAL KILLINGS: HUMAN RIGHTS CRISES OF THE 1990S 16 (1994). 767 See ICRC Iraq Report, supra note 111 TAGUBA REPORT supra note 104 DAIG REPORT, supra note 20: FAY REPORT, supra note 1, SCHLESINGER REPORT, Supra note 8. See also Third Geneva Convention, supra note 151. at arts 13, 14, 17, 87, 121, 130: Fourth Geneva Convention, supra note 84, et arts 5. 27. 31, 32, 33, 147, ICCPR, supra note 203, et arts 4, 7, 10: Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, G A Res. 39/46, Annex UN. GAOR Supp No. 51, at 197, UN. Doc. A/39/51 (1984), at art. 1. 16. Seth Hettena, 130 Troops Punished or Charged in Abuse, ASSOC PRESS, Dec 16, 2004, available at http://www.boston com/news/world/articles/2004/12/16/130_troops_punished_or_charged_in_abuse/?rss_id=Boston%20Globe %20-%20World%20News (accessed Jan 19, 2005), Suzanne Goldenberg, US to Try 20 More Troops for Iraq Abuse, THE GUARDIAN, Jan 17, 2005, avalable at http://www.guardian.co.uk/iraq/Story/0.2763.1392087.00.html (accessed Jan 19, 2005). Carol Rosenberg. US Examines F B. Charges of Prison Abuse, MIAMI HERALD, Jan 15, 2005 available at http://www.miami.com/mid/miamiherald/news/10650909 ntm?1c (accessed Jan. 19, 2005), Thom Shanker, Army Says Up to 28 GI's Could Face Afghan Abuse Charges, NY TIMES, Oct. 14, 2004, at A1. 259 Josh White and John Mintz. Red Cross Cites Inhumane Treatment at Guantanamo. WASH, POST, Dec 1, 2004, at A10. 250 ACLU, Records Released in Response to Torture FOIA Request available at http://www aclu.org/torturefola/released/ * See Human Rights First. GETTING TO GROUND TRUTH (Sept 2004), available at http://www.humanrightsfirst org/us_kw/PDF/detainees/Getting_to_Ground_Truth_090804 pdf (accessed Jan 19, 2005), see also Steven Lee Myers and Eric Schmitt, Wide Gaps Seen in US inquires on Prison Abuse, NY TIMES, June 6, 2004, avalable at http://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/06/nternational/middleeast/06ABUS.html?p=&pagewanted=all&position (accessed Jan 21, 2005). 784 Carlotta Gall, US Military Investigating Death of Afghan in Custody, NY TIMES, Mar 4, 2003, at A14 Army Completes investigations of Deaths at Bagrem and Forwards to Respective Commanders for Action, ARMY NEWS SERVICE, Oct 14, 2004, available at http://www.globalsecurity org/military/library/news/2004/10/mil-041014-arnews01.htmn (accessed Jan 20, 2005). Sgt James P Boland, a military police reservist from the 377 MP Company, was charged Aug 23 with Sgt James P Boland a military police reservist from the 377 MP Company, was charged Aug. 23 with assault and dereliction of duty for the death of the two Afghan men in Bagram Reservest Charged in Afghan Prison Abuse Case, MSNBC Sept. 1, 2004, avadable at http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/5888743 (accessed Jan 21, 2005) David Passaro, an ex-CIA contractor has been charged for the death of Abdul War at a detention center in Asadabad in the Eastern District of Virginia Curt Anderson, CIA Contractor Charged With Prisoner Abuse, ASSOC PRESS. June 17, 2004, available at http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/articles/A49344-2004Jun 17 html (accessed Jan. 20, 2005). Elise Ackerman, 2 Reservists Face Punishmentsin Detainee's Deaths KNIGHT RIDDER, Mar. 7, 2005, available at http://www.sunherald.com/mid/sunherald/news/nation/11074621.htm (accessed Mar 7, 2005). GETTING TO GROUND TRUTH, supra note 282, at 10-12. 40-Endnotes 27 FAY REPORT, supra note 1, at 65-67; see also DAIG REPORT, supra note 20, at 19 204 S REP NO 84-9, at 32 (1955) Geneva Conventions of the Protection of War Victims: Hearing Before the Senate Comm. on Foreign Relations, 84th Cong.. 1st Sess., at 61 (1955) 101 Cong. Rec 9960 (July 6, 1955). 2 DWIGHT D EISENHOWER, CRUSADE IN EUROPE 460 (DOUBLEDAY 1949) (1948) 22 MAJOR GENERAL GEORGE S PRUGH, LAWAT WAR VIETNAM, 1964-1973 62 (1991). * MA GEN GEORGE 5 PRUGH VIETNAM STUDIES, LAWAT WAR VIETNAM 1964-1973 at 63 (Dept of the Army 1975) available at http://www.army.mil/cmh.og/books/Vietnam/Law War/law-04 htm (accessed Jan 20, 2005). see also 64 Dep't of State Bull. 10 (Jan 4, 1971) (White House statement announcing President Naron's call for application of the 1949 Geneva Conventions to ease the plight of American prisoners of war in North Viet Nam and elsewhere in Southeast Asia"); Thomas J. Lepri, Note. Safeguarding The Enemy Within The Need for Procedural Protections for US Citizens Detained as Enemy Combatants Under Ex Parte Quirin 71 FORDHAM L REV 2565. 2574 (2003) (noting US Army's establishment of widespread Article 5 tribunals in Vietnam to adjudicate POW status of enemy deta nees) 274 Col. Fred L. Borch, Review of Honor Bound, 163 MIL. L. REV. 150. 152 (2000) 276 News Transcnpt. Dept of Defense Briefing on Geneva Convention, EPW's and War Crimes (Apr. 7, 2003), available at http://www.defense link.mil/transcripts/2003/104072003_1407 gem html (accessed Jan 21, 2005) Almost 1,200 Article 5 hearings were conducted, resulting in 886 prisoners being determined to be civilans DEPT OF DEFENSE, FINAL REPORT TO CONGRESS: CONDUCT OF THE PERSIAN GULF WAR 578 (1992) **Senator John McCain, Speech to the Amencan Red Cross Promise of Humanity Conference (May 6, 1999), available at http//www.senate.gov/~mccain/ndex.cfm?fuseaction=Newscenter Viewpressrelease&Content_id=820 (accessed Jan. 21, 2005). 277 John McCain, Commentary, WALL ST. J., June 1, 2004, at A16. Telephone interview with Douglas "Pete" Peterson, US Ambassador to Vietnam (Feb 20, 2004) 27 Field Manual-Interim, supra note 237. at J-2. see also Mike Barber Army Learms Lesson From Detainee Scandal, SEATTLE POST-INTELL REP, Nov. 16, 2004, available at http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/local/199763_prison16.html (accessed Jan 21, 2005) News Transcript. Dep't of Defense. Coalition Provisional Authority Briefing (May 10, 2004) available af http://www.defense link mil/transcripts/2004/20040510-0742 html (accessed Jan 21, 2005); see also John Hendren and Ekzabeth Shogren, Manne May Be Charged in the Fallouja Killing of an Unarmed Fighter The Footage Airs on Arab TV Fur. ther Temishing America's Image, L.A. TIMES, Nov 17, 2004, available at LEXIS News Library (describing how a recent kitting of an Iraqi by a Manne evoked memories of Abu Ghraib and further deepened leeings of fear and anger among Iraqis) *See Stuart Grassian & Nancy Friedman, Effects of Sensory Deprivation in Psychiatric Seclusion and Solitary Confinement 8 INT'L OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 49, 53-56 (1986), see also Stuart Grassian, Psychopathological Effects of Soitary Conlinement, 140 AM. J. OF PSYCHIATRY 1450 1450-51 (1983), Craig Haney, Mental Health issues in Long-Term Solitary and 'Supermax' Confinement, 49(1) CRIME & DELING 124, 130-32 (2003) (reviewing studies) *See Foster v. Florida, et al. 537 US. 990, 990 (2002) (Breyer, J., dissenting from denial of certiorari): JOHN CONROY, UNSPEAKABLE ACTS, ORDINARY PEOPLE THE DYNAMICS OF TORTURE 47, 170 (2000) (citing Ole Vedel Rasmussen, Medical Aspects of Torture, 37 DANISH MED BULL. 1 (1990)). See, eg Central Intelligence Agency, KUBARK Counterintelligence interrogation, July 1963, at 90, available at http://www2 gwu edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAE88122/index htm (accessed Jan, 21, 2006), see also Central intelligence Agency, Human Resources Exploitation Training Manual 1983, at 5 K-1 avadable at http://www2.gwu edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEB8122/ndex htm (accessed Jan 21, 2005). **See Complaint at ¶ 139-40, Rasul v Rumsfeld, No 04-1864 (DDC filed Oct 27, 2004) 280 See, eg.. THE 911 COMMISSION REPORT FINAL REPORT OF THE NATIONAL COMMISSION ON TERRORIST ATTACKS UPON THE UNITED STATES 363-64 (July 22, 2004) ([Long-term success in efforts to pursue al Qaeda] demands the use of all elements of national power diplomacy intelligence, covert action, law enforcement, economic policy, foreign aid, public diplomacy, and homeland defense. When people lose hope when societies break down, when countries fragment, the breeding grounds for terrorem are created Economic and political liberties tend to be linked") See, eg. JOSEPHS. NYE, SOFT POWER THE MEANS TO SUCCESS IN WORLD POLITICS (2004), James A Baker III and Warren Christopher, More Ways to Stay Safe, WASH POST, Dec. 17, 2004, at A33. 41 Behind the Wre US Government Accountability Office, US Public Diplomacy State Department and Broadcasting Board of Governors http://www.gao gov/new items/d0410611.pdf (accessed Jan. 20, 2005). 294 Edward Cody, China, Others Gnhaze US Report on Rights, WASH POST, Mar 4, 2005, at A14. Shawn Donnan. US Feces Questions After Bell Bomb Trial, FIN. TIMES, Mar 3, 2005, avalable at **Press Release, White House, President Discusses Military Operation (Mar 23, 2003), available at Neri A Lewis, Red Cross Finds Detainee Abuse in Guantanamo, NY TIMES, Nov 30, 2004, at A1 *See Transcript of Confirmation Hearings of Alberto Gonzales before the Senate Judiciary Committee (Jan. 6, 2005), avai * John Hendren and Elizabeth Shogren, Marine May Be Charged in the Fallouje Killing of an Unarmed Fighter The Footage Edward Cody, Irags Put Contempt for Troops on Display, WASH. POST, June 12, 2004, at A1 (quoting Sheik Mohammed 304 Daniel Benjamin and Gabriel Weimann, What the Terrorists Have in Mind, NY. TIMES, Oct 27, 2004, at A21 30 Human Rights First, DEFENDING SECURITY THE RIGHT TO DEFEND RIGHTS IN AN AGE OF TERRORISM (PRELIM. DRAFT) IN human rights first FORMERLY THE LAWYERS COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS New York Headquarters Human Rights First 333 Seventh Avenue 13th Floor New York, NY 10001 Tel: (212) 845-5200 Washington, DC Office 100 Maryland Avenue, NE Washington, DC 20002 Tel: (202) 547-5692 Fax: (202) 543-5999 |