ticular thing. We pool all of their thoughts together and draft instructions to all of our representatives. NECESSITY FOR OTHER DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES Senator MCCARRAN. You pool all of whose thoughts together? Mr. HICKERSON. Anyone working for the Government who has any connection with any responsibility in any of these matters. Senator MCCARRAN. That is really something. Chairman MCKELLAR. Why do you not take over the country if you do all that? You do not do that. Mr. HICKERSON. We try to carry out our responsibilities, sir. Senator GREEN. Why not do away with all the other departments of Government and save money? Chairman MCKELLAR. There is no use to have any other depart ments. Mr. HICKERSON. That is the modest term of reference they give me. I am supposed to do that, and I try, sir, as hard as I can. Senator GREEN. I do not see how anybody such as this can give appreciable aid to such a goal. Chairman MCKELLAR. You are requesting $1,347,965. Is that correct? Mr. HICKERSON. That is correct, sir. OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY Senator MCCARRAN. For the Office of the Assistant Secretary in 1950 you had $321,000, and in 1951, $328,000, and in 1952 you are asking for the same, $328,780. Mr. HICKERSON. That is correct, sir. Senator MCCARRAN. How much personnel is there in the Office of the Secretary? This is the Office of the Secretary of the Bureau of United Nations Affairs; is that right? Mr. HICKERSON. That is correct, sir. That is my own office, sir. Senator MCCARRAN. You are the Secretary of State in charge of the Bureau of United Nations Affairs; is that correct? Mr. HICKERSON. Assistant Secretary of State in charge of that.. SALARY DISCUSSION Senator MCCARRAN. How many personnel do you have in that Office? Mr. HICKERSON. Sixty-one persons, sir. Senator MCKELLAR. Do you have a salary list? Mr. HICKERSON. I can put that in the record, sir, if it is not otherwise available. Chairman McKELLAR. I have here the House hearings and the amount of the salaries. Your own salary is $15,000 and the salary of the Deputy Assistant Secretary, $12,200; the three special assistants to the Assistant Secretary, $32,250; staff assistant, $8,800; policy reports officer, $7,600; assistant policy reports officer, $6,400; secretary to the Assistant Secretary, $4,600. I do not know what these here are, but one of them is $20,500 and another one is $14,900. Senator MCCARRAN. I want to know about the Assistant Secretary. Do you have an assistant to you? Mr. HICKERSON. I have a Deputy, sir. Senator MCCARRAN. Your salary is $15,000; is that correct? Mr. HICKERSON. That is correct, sir. BACKGROUND OF DEPUTY ASSISTANT SECRETARY Senator MCCARRAN. Your Deputy Assistant Secretary has a salary of $12,200; is that right? Mr. HICKERSON. That is correct, sir. Senator MCCARRAN. What is his name? Mr. HICKERSON. Mr. Sandifer. Senator MCCARRAN. What background did he have to justify his getting that position? Mr. HICKERSON. He came to the Department of State, sir, I believe about 1933. He has had nearly 20 years in the Department of State. He is a member of the bar. He specialized in international law. He has had a wide background of experience, sir. He has been in the Office of United Nations Affairs since its formation. It was a straight merit promotion. FAMILIARITY WITH PERSONNEL IN INMMEDIATE OFFICE Senator MCCARRAN. In addition to that staff officer, you have a special assistant to an assistant secretary. Mr. HICKERSON. I have five of those, sir. Senator GREEN. Why do you say five, then? Mr. HICKERSON. Because of the fact that I read the wrong line, sir. Senator MCCARRAN. Do you mean to tell me you made a mistake in whether or not it is five or three? Mr. HICKERSON. I read the wrong line of the memorandum. Senator MCCARRAN. Do you depend on these lines as to how many are close to you in your office? Mr. HICKERSON. No, sir. I can tell you exactly what they do. Mr. HICKERSON. William L. Sanders, Mr. Herbert Fierst, and Mr. Blaisdell. Senator MCCARRAN. Then you do not have five, but you have three? Mr. HICKERSON. I have three. FUNCTION AND BACKGROUND OF STAFF ASSISTANT Senator MCCARRAN. Now, let us take the staff assistant at $8,800. What does he do? Mr. HICKERSON. That is Mr. Bloomfield, who helps me keep track of every paper and every telephone call reaching the Bureau. He rides herd to make sure action is taken promptly. If one of your assistants should telephone down for some information, Mr. Bloomfield sees to it that that information is furnished just as quickly as possible. Chairman MCKELLAR. What is his background? Mr. HICKERSON. He served in the Navy during the war. Mr. HICKERSON. Yes, sir. He came into the State Department right after he got out of the Navy. I believe that was in 1946. He has been in the service ever since. He is a young man, about 30 years old. Senator GREEN. What did he do before he went into the Navy? Mr. HICKERSON. I am afraid I cannot tell you that, sir. Senator GREEN. He probably did not learn much in the Navy to qualify him for that position. Mr. HICKERSON. He is a graduate of Harvard University, 1941, and after a year's Government experience, he went into the service. He served as an intelligence officer in India and China. Senator GREEN. Then he had no experience except for what he got in the Navy. Mr. HICKERSON. He went back to the School of Public Administration and specialized in public administration. Chairman McKELLAR. Was he one of the boys that was sent abroad to learn how to do foreign work, diplomatic work, at a salary of $8,000 a year? Mr. HICKERSON. No, sir. He came into the State Department in 1946, and in the 5 years he has had a couple of promotions in that time, separate promotions. Chairman McKELLAR. What did he come in at? Mr. HICKERSON. CAF-9. That is $4,600. Senator MCCARRAN. All right, now, we will go to the policy reports officer. That seems to have been abolished. Is that correct? POLICY REPORTS OFFICER Mr. HICKERSON. No, sir. Senator MCCARRAN. There is a blank here on that in the House report. Mr. HICKERSON. Mrs. Virginia Hartley is occupying that position, sir. Senator MCCARRAN. What does the assistant policy reports officer do? Mr. HICKERSON. The vast amount of information coming out of Lake Success, about everything that is going on, they filter that through jointly. Senator MCCARRAN. Do they know everything that is going on in Lake Success? Mr. HICKERSON. They are supposed to, sir. Chairman MCKELLAR. Do they stay at Lake Success, or here? Mr. HICKERSON. Occasionally they go up there, but their job is here, sir. They make sure that the information is digested and disseminated throughout the State Department and the Government. Senator GREEN. How do they disseminate it? 80513-51-pt. 1- -67 Mr. HICKERSON. By confidential mimeographed reports, sir. We have daily reports on that. Senator GREEN. What circulation does that have? Mr. HICKERSON. It goes to the Secretary, Under Secretary, and the Assistant Secretaries and their top officials. That is the one summary. Then there is another summary that has a somewhat wider distribution. Senator GREEN. Do you see every news release that is sent abroad? Mr. HICKERSON. Some of the UN information goes in that, sir; that is correct. They give unclassified information to our information people preparing this wireless summary that you see. DUPLICATION OF THE WORK OF THE UNITED STATES MISSION TO UN Senator GREEN. Why is not that done directly by this American staff in connection with the United Nations in New York? Mr. HICKERSON. Because, sir, they handle our work in New York in connection with the United Nations. They present our case there. They negotiate with other delegations. Senator MCCARRAN. Who does? Mr. HICKERSON. Senator Austin. POLICY DETERMINATION Chairman McKELLAR. You say "our case." you mean by "our case"? Mr. HICKERSON. Yes, sir. Can you tell us what We presented a motion declaring the Chinese Communists aggressors. We had that studied out, Senator, by the end of December. We were ready as soon as they crossed the line to call them aggressors. We so informed Senator Austin. Senator Austin and his staff at Lake Success went to work with other delegations to persuade them that this was a wise and necessary course of action. It took nearly 3 months of patient effort lining up the votes, sir, to get that through. Now, their task is devoted almost entirely to handling our matters in the UN and with other delegations to the UN. In the instance I cited it was declaring the Chinese Communists an aggressor. They had to convince the British and the French and the various of our friends to go along with us. They spend their entire time on things like that. Our job here is to give them the information on which to base their representations, to write their instructions. My relationship with Senator Austin is somewhat as if he were an ambassador, to, say, the United Kingdom, and we worked on that basis. ECONOMIC EMBARGO RESOLUTION Another instance is that we wanted an economic embargo resolution put through against the Chinese Communists. Here again we worked out the actual terms of that in Washington. We had the experienced experts here. Senator MCCARRAN. When did you start that? Mr. HICKERSON. We ourselves, Senator McCarran, imposed a complete embargo a few days after the aggression back in December. We just cut off all trade. Senator MCCARRAN. Did you put a complete embargo on Communist China? Mr. HICKERSON. The United States Government did. It declared a complete embargo on exports and imports to and from Communist China. The United States Government forbade American ships to enter Chinese ports. The United States Government froze all Chinese assets in this country. Now, that was our own action. The President could act in the United States. To get the United Nations to act involved persuading other governments to support such action in the United Nations. Senator MCCARRAN. We were not supported, were we? Mr. HICKERSON. No, sir; we were not at first. We started even before they were declared aggressors, Senator McCarran, to find out whether we could persuade everybody to go as far as we did. We found out we could not, sir, and we finally worked out a proposal for a limited embargo covering all arms, ammunition, implements of war, petroleum, atomic materials, and items useful in manufacturing implements of war. On that we got agreement. Senator MCCARRAN. You knew other nations were breaking through your embargo; did you not? Mr. HICKERSON. We did, sir; and we took steps, confidentially, sir, in making recommendations to urge them not to do that. ATTEMPTS TO OUST CHINESE NATIONALIST DELEGATION Senator MCCARRAN. If there be a policy in the United Nations, on the part of the American delegation, to oust the Nationalists as they are now seeking in the United Nations, that would be a part of your policy also, would it? Mr. HICKERSON. Yes, sir. Senator MCCARRAN. Is it true? Mr. HICKERSON. From the very beginning, sir Senator MCCARRAN. Or just answer the question. Is it true or not? Mr. HICKERSON. Is it true, what, sir? Senator MCCARRAN. That we are trying now, through our State Department, to oust the Nationalist delegation? Mr. HICKERSON. That is not true. It is the exact opposite of the truth, Senator. From the very outset we have consistently and vigorously opposed any efforts to do that, and we have been successful in that. That issue has been voted on 77 times in various of the UN bodies. NECESSITY FOR THREE SPECIAL ASSISTANTS TO ASSIST Senator MCCARRAN. It requires three special assistants to assist the Assistant Secretary; is that right? Mr. HICKERSON. That is correct, sir. Senator MCCARRAN. Can you explain to us why that is? Why could not two do the work? |