Fallout is a major threat.. Nonmilitary targets in the United States. Military targets in the United States.. Casualties from city and military targeting. Assumed CEP.. Casualties from "bonus" attacks on cities.. Protection from unimproved basements. Food and water supply assumed.. Fallout only first of a series of dangers - Effect of attack variables on casualties. Availability of shielding.. Indoor-outdoor behavior patterns.. Use of existing basements.. More basements in densely populated areas_- Assumed fallout shelter potential_ Reasons for different enemy attacks.. Casualties from various 3,000-megaton attacks on military targets... Witness' view of missile siting policies... The USNRDL shelter research program_ Flexible steel arch shelter studied.. Performance criteria and design characteristics. Recovery requires both people and resources_ Extent of organizational breakdown_ Postwar foreign economic relations.. Attitude of cautious optimism__ Producing before exhausting stockpiles. Restoring essential industries... Fraction of economy needed for austere living- Possible survival levels of industry. Effects of different target systems on industry. Concentration of military support industry. Restoration of prewar gross national product_ Important assumptions in calculations.. Summary of economic recovery problem in early 1960's. Availability of transportation. Redistribution of surplus wheat. Primary ignitions in forest fuels by megaton weapons. Preventive and corrective measures for forest protection.... Spread and length of fires.... Size of civil defense research effort.. Problems of civil defense research.. Effect of war on the society.. Insuring survival of free institutions.. Problems of panic and grief...---- Unpleasant problems must be faced... Explaining civil defense problems to the public_ CIVIL DEFENSE-1961 TUESDAY, AUGUST 1, 1961 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SUBCOMMITTEE ON MILITARY OPERATIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS, Washington, D.C. The subcommittee met, pursuant to call, at 10 a.m., in room 362, the caucus room, Old House Office Building, Hon. Chet Holifield (chairman of the subcommittee) presiding. Present: Representatives Chet Holifield, Joe M. Kilgore, Martha W. Griffiths, R. Walter Riehlman, and F. Bradford Morse. Also present: Herbert Roback, staff administrator; Douglas Dahlin, staff attorney; Earl Morgan, chief investigator; and Paul Ridgely, investigator. Mr. HOLIFIELD. The subcommittee will be in order. OPENING STATEMENT OF CHAIRMAN HOLIFIELD We have called these hearings on civil defense for the following broad purposes: (1) To understand more fully the new civil defense program promulgated by President Kennedy; (2) To update technical findings of importance and interest to civil defense; (3) To take a forward look at the shape of the civil defense program 5 years hence; and (4) To take a backward look at what, if anything, civil defense has accomplished to date, so that pitfalls and errors of the past may be avoided. The Military Operations Subcommittee, under my chairmanship, has been a sharp critic of civil defense. We have tried, I suppose, to be its conscience. We have been critical because we seek achievement. There has been no lack of words. There has been a great lack of deeds. I, for one, find it encouraging and fortunate that President Kennedy understands the importance of an effective civil defense program, and has declared it a key element in his recommendations to strengthen our defenses and our capability to resist Communist aggression. Our committee has been calling for an effective civil defense program for at least 6 years. Our broad-scale investigations into this. field commenced in 1955. Our first basic report was issued in 1956. Altogether this subcommittee has held hearings in 4 separate years and has issued six separate reports. |