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138

Corsbie, R. L., Deputy Assistant Director for Civil Effects, Division
of Biology and Medicine, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission...
Devaney, John, Director of Systems Analysis, Office of Civil and
Defense Mobilization__-

Dunham, Dr. Charles L., Director, Division of Biology and Medicine,
U.S. Atomic Energy Commission_

Ellis, Frank B., Director, Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization;

accompanied by Edward A. McDermott, Deputy Director; Charles

A. Kendall, General Counsel; Ralph E. Spear, Director, Program

and Policy; and Charles Brewton, Assistant Director, Resources and

Production.

133

Lemnitzer, Gen. Lyman L., U.S. Army, Chairman, Joint Chiefs of

Staff

McNamara, Hon. Robert S., Secretary of Defense-

Minshall, Hon. William E., a Representative in Congress from the

State of Ohio____

Mitchell, H. H., M.D., RAND Corp---.
Quindlen, Eugene, Deputy Assistant Director for Federal-State Local
Plans, Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization___

Roth, Capt. Eli B., Commanding Officer, U.S. Naval Radiological
Defense Laboratory--

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Letters, statements, etc.; submitted for the record by-Continued
Corsbie, R. L., etc.-Continued

Excerpt from report of the National Academy of Sciences-Na-
tional Research Council re radiation

Figure C-1.-Nuclear effects versus weapon yield...

Page

152

142

Figure C-2.-Relative degree of weapon effects for various burst

conditions.

145

Protection against nuclear effects afforded by an underground,
corrugated metal arch shelter...

150

Thermal dose at 1 to 10 miles from 1 to 10 megaton surface
bursts in calories per square centimeter___

151

Initial radiation doses in REM at ranges of 1 to 10 miles
from 1 to 10 megaton explosions___

152

Overpressures in pounds per square inch at ranges of 1 to
10 miles from 1 to 10 megaton surface bursts___

Department of Defense: Comments re construction of shelters_
Ellis, Frank B., Director, Office of Civil Defense and Mobilization:
Excerpt from Executive Order No. 10952__

Excerpt from the Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950..
Funding for nonmilitary defense.......

Griffiths, Hon. Martha W., a Representative in Congress from the
State of Michigan:

152

106

65, 67

65

77

Excerpt from statement of Adm. Arthur Radford, former Chair-
man, Joint Chiefs of Staff, re civil defense_
Excerpt from statement of Frank B. Ellis..

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Excerpt from a current Soviet civil defense handbook___
Figure G-1.-Organization of a Soviet self-defense group.
Figure G-2.-Soviet city civil defense organization....

265

266

267

Figure G-3.-Soviet civil defense training chart (Caption reads:
"In an anti-air raid defense group

You will find out

You will learn")

269

Figure G-4.-Illustration from Soviet training manual (types of
protective clothing).

271

Figure G-5.-Illustration from Soviet training manual (indi-
vidual decontamination packet, IPP-5)

272

Figure G-6.-Illustration from Soviet training manual (indi-
vidual decontamination packet, IPP-3) – .

273

Figure G-7.-Sketch of Soviet civil defense shelter (deep shelter) –
Figure G-8.-Sketch of Soviet civil defense shelter (heavy air-raid
shelters).

275

276

Figure G-9.-Sketch of Soviet civil defense shelter (detached
shelters).

278

Figure G-10.-Soviet civil defense shelters..

279

Figure G-11.-View of Moscow subway station__.

280

Figure Ğ-13.—View of entrance to Moscow subway station indi-
cating concealed blast door in wall..

Figure G-12.-View of entrance to Moscow subway station indi-
cating concealed blast door in floor...

281

282

Figure G-14.-Soviet civil defense basement shelter.

284

Figure G-15.-Soviet apartment house basement shelter filter-
ventilation unit_ _ _.

Figure G-16.-Soviet apartment house basement shelter emer-
gency exit

285

287

Figure G-17.-Soviet civil defense emergency shelters (dugout
and reinforced concrete pipe).

288

Figure G-18.—Soviet civil defense emergency shelters (covered
trenches)

289

Figure G-19.-Exits from Moscow.

292

Figure G-20.-Soviet civil defense CW detector kits_

293

Figure G-21.-Soviet civil defense RW detection equipment_ _ _

294

Hanunian, Norman A., economist, RAND Corp.:
Figure NH-1.-Distribution of U.S. population -

210

Figure NH-2.-Prompt deaths from alternative bombing attacks
(deaths due to blast and prompt radiations) -

213

Figure NH-3.-Prompt and total deaths from hypothetical
attacks..

216

Letters, statements, etc.; submitted for the record by-Continued
Hanunian, Norman A., economist, RAND Corp.-Continued

Figure NH-4.-Percentage of population having ready access to Page
dwelling basements, by region___

Figure NH-5.-Total deaths resulting from attacks on CONUS
military installations (3,000 megatons) _ _ -

222

228

Figure NH-6.-Total deaths resulting from attacks on CONUS
military installations (10,000 megatons) -

230

Figure NH-7.-Total deaths resulting from attacks on CONUS
military installations (30,000 megatons).
Table NH-1.-Levels of residual radiation__

231

224

Hill, Dr. Jerald E., RAND Corp.:

Table H-1.-Significant target parameters in the atomic bomb
attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki..

347

Table H-2.-Fire damage in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

348

Table H-3.-Forest area burned annually and numbers of fires
in continental United States__.

353

Table H-4.-Fire spread from thermonuclear weapons.

356

Holifield, Hon. Chet, a Representative in Congress from the State of
California, and chairman, Military Operations Subcommittee:
Excerpt from statement of Frank B. Ellis...

Excerpt from statement of Hon. Robert S. McNamara_

Kahn, Herman, Hudson Institute:

Excerpt from a book review by Walter Millis of the book, "Tragic
but Distinguishable Postwar States".

Excerpt of a letter from an extremely intelligent and reasonable
private citizen _ _

62

30

183, 184, 185

183

Figure K-1. Some common reactions to civil defense.-- 168, 179, 183
Figure K-2.-Tragic but distinguishable postwar states..
Figure K-3.-A complete description of a thermonuclear war in-

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Question re evacuation, whether or not reasonable or effective_-
Suggested probable reactions of committee re military superiority-
McNamara, Hon. Robert S., Secretary of Defense:

Biographical sketch of Adam Yarmolinsky, special assistant to
the Secretary and Deputy Secretary of Defense.
Excerpt from Executive Order No. 10952_

Information on the roles of Reserve Forces in relation to civil
defense, from the Office of the Secretary of Defense, July 31,
1961...

Principles stated by the Secretary of Defense re administration
of the civil defense program__

Mitchell, H. H., M.D., RAND Corp.:

187

189

190

192

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Figure M-1.-Photograph showing the copper basin at Copper-
hill, Tenn.

334

Figure M-2.-Decrease in percentage of basal cover in the short-
grass type during drought and increase during recovery after
drought.

336

Figure M-3.-Dose range in roentgens for effects of possible
ecological significance

337

Figure M-4.-Radiosensitivity of drosophila

338

Figure M-5.-Response of dormant seeds to varying doses of
cobalt 60 gamma rays as measured by seedling growth in a
greenhouse

339

Figure M-6.-Percentage of decontamination by removal of crops
and mulches..

342

Table M-1.-Tolerance of various plants to chronic gamma

radiation_

339

Table M-2.-Sensitivity of mammals to radiation.
Table M-3.-Percentage of decontamination by scraping surface
soil following various treatments__

340

342

Letters, statements, etc.; submitted for the record by-Continued
Morse, Hon. F. Bradford, a Representative in Congress from the State
of Massachusetts:

Excerpt from Executive Order No. 10952_
Excerpt from President Kennedy's talk to the Nation, May 25,
1961...

Excerpt from the farewell message to the Nation by a former
President of the United States, July 18, 1961-----.
Roback, Herbert, staff administrator, Military Operations Subcom-
mittee:

Excerpt from "An Analysis of Civil Defense Hazards Being
Created by Emplacement of Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles
Near Tucson," by Dr. James E. McDonald, the University of
Arizona_

Excerpt from statement of Gov. Millard F. Caldwell, of Florida,
first administrator of the Federal Civil Defense Administration,
before the House Appropriations Committee, March 16, 1951-
Excerpt from statement of Hon. Robert S. McNamara before
the Armed Services Committee re shelter costs....
Excerpt of a letter from an engineer in Michigan, to Frank B.
Ellis, re deficiencies of official shelter recommended by OCDM.
Excerpt of a press release from the Los Angeles shelter study, re
shelter survey....

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Statement welcoming testimony of Capt. Eli B. Roth.. Stebbins, Maj. Albert K., III, Defense Atomic Support Agency: Analysis summarized by Dr. Herbert F. York, re the t-1.2 rule.... Strope, Walmer E., Associate Scientific Director, U.S. Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory, San Francisco, Calif.:

129

Basement shelter protection..

238

Excerpt from hearings before the Special Subcommittee on Radi-
ation of the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, June 1959_--
Figure S-1.-Cutaway view of shelter____

256

239

Figure S-2.-Shelter entrance showing blast bulkhead, door, and
intake ventilators____

243

Figure S-3.-View looking from rear toward shelter door__
Figure S-4.-View looking toward rear of shelter with bunks
stored along walls__

243

244

Figure S-5.-Body heat and humidity simulation apparatus
located in dummy bunk racks___

247

Figure S-6.-Body heat simulating apparatus arranged for
normal messing facilities..

247

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Figure S-11.-FIRESTORM-Reputed to be the largest man-
made fire ever set for a research project. Operation FIRE-
STORM took place at Camp Parks on April 15, 1960. The
fire covered an area above and surrounding the shelter to find
out what would happen to exposed portions of the shelter and
how much heat would register inside_-.
Table S-1.-Summary of packages and costs_

254

241

Table S-2.-Cost summary of USNRDL experimental shelter_-

244

Winter, Sidney G., Jr., RAND Corp.:

Figure W-1.-Concentration of resources-population and sur-
vival industry----

316

Figure W-2.-Concentration of resources-survival industry and
population__

317

Figure W-3.-Concentration of resources—population and re-
covery and military support industry.

320

Figure W-4.-Concentration of resources-recovery and military
support industry and population___

321

Figure W-5.-Concentration of resources-population and petrol-
eum refining.

323

Figure W-6.-Concentration of resources- -petroleum refining
and population__.

324

Table W-1.-Percent of capacity output required in various in-
dustries to meet austere consumption requirements----

314

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