Dossett, Burgin E., commissioner of education, State of Tennessee, brief on educational provisions and opportunities in Tennessee_ Haas, Most Rev. Francis J., bishop, diocese of Grand Rapids, letter of, in Hollman, Charles, district governor, Employment Agencies Protective Asso- 548 Howden, Edward, executive director, Council for Civic Unity of San Fran- 544 Lohman, Joseph D., associate director for race relations, Julius Rosenwald 350 Murray, Hon. James E., United States Senator from Montana, speech of. 190 348 National Alliance of Postal Employees, statement of, in support of S. 984. 349 Rankin, Hon. John E., Representative from the State of Mississippi, speeches of, in the House of Representatives, February 13, 1947, and Rockefeller, Nelson A., letter of, in support of S. 984_. 548 543 Tuttle, Charles H., vice chairman, New York City Council, State commis- sion against discrimination, brief submitted by, in support of S. 984---- Chief points of difference between Ives bill (S. 984, 80th Cong.) and Ives-Quinn law against discrimination (New York Statute Laws, Chief points of difference between Ives bill (S. 984, 80th Cong.) and 159 Young Women's Christian Associations, statement of, in support of S. 984_- 552 Cooke, Grace E., executive secretary, National Employment Board, state- ment of, in opposition to parts of S. 984_ Darr, Rev. John W., Jr., executive secretary, United Christian Council for Democracy, New York, N. Y., statement of Foreman, Clark, president, Southern Conference for Human Welfare, state- Kenny, Robert W., president, National Lawyers Guild, statement of Leonard, Harry E., business manager, local union No. B-160, International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, resolution in support of S. 984--- Liberal Party of New York State, statement of.... Merchants and Manufacturers Association, Los Angeles, Calif., statement Sands, Charles E., international representative, Hotel and Restaurant Em- ployees' International Alliance and Bartenders' International League Spence, Paulsen, Spence Engineering Co., Walden, N. Y., letter of.. Statement of proposed amendments of Constitution of the State of Cali- ANTIDISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT WEDNESDAY, JUNE 11, 1947 UNITED STATES SENATE, COMMITTEE ON LABOR AND PUBLIC WELFARE, SUBCOMMITTEE ON ANTIDISCRIMINATION, Washington, D. C. The subcommittee met, pursuant to call, at 9:30 a. m., in the committee room, Capitol Building, Senator Forrest C. Donnell presiding. Present: Senators Donnell (presiding), Smith, Ives, and Ellender. Senator DONNELL. Let the record show that at 9:30 a. m., June 11, 1947, in the Office of the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare (old Military Affairs room) in the Capitol, Washington, D. C., a public hearing on S. 984, a bill to prohibit discrimination in employment because of race, religion, color, national origin, or ancestry, was called to order by the chairman of the subcommittee which is to consider said bill. Let the record further show that the following is a quotation from the official minutes of the committee clerk of an executive meeting of the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare held on April 17, 1947: The subcommittee, consisting of Senators Donnell (chairman), Smith, Ives, Pepper, and Ellender, was appointed to consider Senate bill 984, a bill to prohibit discrimination in employment because of race, religion, color, national origin, or ancestry. Let the record further show that Senator Pepper, at his own request, has been withdrawn from the subcommittee as originally appointed and that Senator Murray has been named to that subcommittee in his stead. Let the record further show that, as disclosed on page 4607 of the Congressional Record, there was made on Monday, May 5, 1947, to the Senate the following announcement by the chairman of this subcommittee: Mr. President, announcement is hereby made that the subcommittee of the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, which consists of Senators Smith, Ives, Murray, Ellender, and myself, of which subcommittee I am chairman and which is to consider Senate bill 984, will begin open public hearings with respect to the bill on Wednesday, June 11, 1947, at 9:30 a. m. The hearings are scheduled to be held in the office of the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare-old Military Affairs Committee room-in the Capitol. It is hoped that the hearings may be completed in a period of 6 days, consisting of June 11, 12, 13, 18, 19, and 20. Senate bill 984 is a bill to prohibit discrimination in employment because of race, religion, color, national origin, or ancestry. It is the desire of the subcommittee to hear both sides relative to the bill. Any person desiring to suggest the name of anyone to appear before the subcommittee should communicate with Mr. Philip R. Rodgers, clerk of the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare. 1 Let the record further show that the hearing which has at 9:30 o'clock this morning been called to order is a public hearing. Let the record further show that the following is a copy of S. 984 here set out. The hearing will stand in recess for a time this morning awaiting the call of the Chair. (Whereupon, a short recess was taken.) Senator DONNELL. The committee will again be in order. There are present at this time Senators Smith, Ives, Ellender, and the chairman of this subcommittee who is advised that Senator Murray has another meeting this morning and will not be here. The first witness to be heard is the Honorable Irving M. Ives, United States Senator from New York. Senator Ives, will you please take the stand and give us your statement with respect to S. 984. STATEMENT OF HON. IRVING M. IVES, A UNITED STATES SENATOR FROM NEW YORK Senator IVES. Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, over the years legislation aimed to eliminate discrimination in employment because of race, religion, color, national origin, or ancestry seems to have fallen largely into three main categories. First, there is the punitive type of legislation which, by heavy fine and imprisonment, would seek to gain the objective that is sought. Second, there is the educational type of legislation which, without penalty, and through conference, conciliation, persuasion, and an over-all education approach, seeks to produce an attitude and condition which in themselves will cause the elimination of discrimination. Third, there is the type of legislation which combines in moderation both of the foregoing approaches. In this third category penalties are at a minimum and emphasis is placed largely on the voluntary processes of mediation, conciliation, conference, persuasion, and the general enlistment of representative public-spirited citizens in the local communities, in an organized effort through so-called advisory or conciliation councils, to engage in a broad informal educational program for the purpose of making not only the letter, but the spirit, of the law accepted and observed. Senate bill 984, which, if enacted, would become the National Act Against Discrimination in Employment, belongs in the third category I have just indicated. By the terms of this bill, the penalties are moderate but sufficiently stiff to insure their receiving attention by those whom they would affect. At the same time, the possibilities for obtaining compliance through action by voluntary processes are almost without limit. In fact, mediation, conciliation, conference, and persuasion are compulsory in the first instance. This requirement, coupled with the broad intensive program of education which the bill contemplates, should make it wholly effective, without the exercise of its penalty provisions. It is not my purpose at this time to give a résumé of the contents of this bill. This will be handled by others who will appear at these hearings. There are connected with it, however, several important matters which I would emphasize. |