V. Industry

1. Business management not only has a responsibility to the owners of business but it also has a social responsibility to labor and the public. It must constantly attempt to provide full and increasing production, full employment, and greater business efficiency. When business management falls down on this social responsibility, proposals and action are bound to ensure which it then claims are inimical to business.

2. We believe that American democracy requires efficient and prosperous small business. We therefore recommend a liberal credit system for small businessmen, legislation to provide them with adequate market research and scientific and technological service, and the granting to them of preference over big business in obtaining surplus war materials and surplus plant facilities.

3. We consider the antitrust laws to be basic American policy. We therefore oppose the removal of any industry from the operations of these laws and urge their effective enforcement. In those industries where the enforcement of the antitrust laws do not insure adequate competition and where artifically high prices may be maintained, production limited, and opportunities for employment destroyed we favor effective Government control or ownership.

4. We oppose restrictive legislation on legitimate cooperative societies.

5. We urge the elimination of regional discrimination in freght-rate differentials.

6. We recommend the retention or reestablishment of production controls until normal demand and supply relationships exist.

VI. Health

1. The health of every citizen is the concern of the Nation. We therefore favor a comprehensive national health program to include hospital planning and construction, Federal aid for the establishment of community-wide health service, compulsory health insurance to provide adequate personal medical care for all citizens, extension of social security protection as it relates to health, particularly disability compensation, and establishment of an adequate mental health program.

2. Industrial accidents and occupational diseases represent continuous national peril and a drain on manpower. Accordingly, we urge adequate legislation, particularly in the several States, adequate research and the appropriation of enough funds by the responsible governmental authorities to obtain sufficient inspections and to promote accident-prevention campaigns to reduce such casualties. VII. Education

1. The present educational system presents serious inadequacies, particularly regarding discrimination, equal opportunity, and adequate compensation for teachers.

2. We demand national legislation to bring about improved educational facilities with equal opportunity and facilities for all. We favor Federal aid for the public-school systems of the country on a per capita and not on a State matching basis, with safeguards to prevent Federal control of what is taught.

3. Any discrimination in school-entrance requirements due to race, creed, color, or national origin must be eliminated. We favor the repeal of tax exemptions to schools engaging in such discrimination; and we are opposed to segregation in schools.

4. We favor the establishment of free college and professional schools, admission to which shall be based on merit only.

5. To enlarge the educational opportunities of veterans we favor the payment of tuition for them to public schools of all levels in which they may enroll, and the use of such payments to supplement, not substitute for regular State or local school appropriations.

6. We demand that the teachers of our Nation receive salaries commensurate with their position as leaders in the community.

7. We favor raising to Cabinet level the Federal Security Administration. 8. We favor the establishment of entrance requirements to the military academies on the basis of free competitive examinations, and without congressional appointment.

VIII. Science

1. We urge the establishment of a national science foundation to promote, encourage, and coordinate research and education in all natural, social, and medical sciences, and we recommend that the results of such research be made freely available for public use.

IX. Congressional reform

1. We urge a complete overhauling and streamlining of congressional procedures.

2. We oppose the seniority system in congressional committees.

3. We favor the right to impose cloture in the Senate by simple majority vote. 4. We favor providing Members of Congress with more and better research and staff facilities, higher salaries, and retirement pay consistent with the pension fund for Federal employees.

5. We urge that congressional proceedings be broadcast from the floor.

6. We favor the regulation of the activities of all lobby groups and the publicizing of the sources of their funds.

7. We urge the registration by Members of Congress of their sources of income, and the registration of all dealings in securities and commodities by Members of Congress and members of their immediate families.

X. Discrimination and civil liberties

1. We oppose Jim Crow laws, anti-Nisei restrictions, and all other forms of racial discrimination by all individuals, by private businesses, by labor unions, Government, and other associations. We forbid it in our own ranks and we shall fight it in law and in practice wherever it is found.

2. We strongly and actively oppose any laws, practices, customs, or usages whereby any person or group by virtue of discrimination due to race, religion, color, or sex attempts to prevent another from obtaining employment, being paid at a fair rate for the services performed, living in any area obtaining a free and sound education, practicing any creed, or voting or enjoying any right of citizenship.

3. We urge laws to make such discrimination illegal and punishable, and to give members of minorities the right to sue for libel or slander against the whole majority group.

4. We strongly urge support of all movements for a permanent Federal fair employment practices law.

5. We urge that veterans organize to cooperate with other similarly minded groups and with governmental law-enforcement authorities to protect civil liberties particularly in such regions where they are now threatened.

6. We favor effective Government action to preserve, protect, and implement the civil liberties granted in the Constitution and other laws of the States and the United States.

7. We urge abolition of the House un-American Activities Committee.

8. We support discharge of conscientious objectors from Federal custody, but no faster than discharge of soldiers from the armed forces.

9. We urge a liberal immigration policy including immigration for all races, irrespective of the places of their origin, so that the United States may continue to serve as a refuge for the oppressed. We call upon Congress to enact legislation prohibiting immigration of all former members of Nazi and Fascist parties. 10. We endorse the following corrective legislation:

(1) That all resident aliens not now eligible to become naturalized citizens of the United States be so privileged on the same basis as for all other immigrant groups:

(2) That the Congress enact legislation providing indemnification for losses sustained by reason of the arbitrary evacuation of all persons of Japaneses ancestry from the west coast in the spring of 1942;

(3) That deportation proceedings against persons of Japanese ancestry is carried out on the same basis as for other races; and

(4) That restrictive Federal, State, and municipal laws of a discriminatory nature be abolished and repealed wherever found.

XI. Tax policy

1. We consider fiscal policy to be critically important to full employment and full production. We therefore favor a tax program based upon ability to pay, to provide for the fullest development of our potential national resources, with the least possible restriction of production and employment, and inclusion in it of the following provisions: (1) As the basic source of tax revenue, a steeply graduated personal income tax, and increased exemptions consistent with minimum levels of subsistence; (2) elimination of regressive excises and sales taxes; (3) financing of social-security benefits from the general revenues; (4) elimination of preferential tax treatment of capital gains and losses, with constructive realization of gains and losses upon gift or death; (5) elimination of tax-exempt securities;

(6) removal of the tax advantage presently enjoyed by persons residing in community-property States; (7) elimination of double taxation of corporate income, coupled with an undistributed-profits tax to compel current distribution of corporate income to shareholders; (8) offsetting of individual and corporate income by a 6-year carry-forward of net operating losses; (9) restriction of depletion allowances of industries engaged in exploitation of natural resources to recovery of the capital investment in such properties; (10) heavy increases in estate and gift taxes and immediate closing of all present loopholes; (11) prohibition of refunds of excess-profits taxes where the decline in corporate income results from other than reconversion costs, e. g., labor disputes; (12) revision of State and local taxation consistent with above objectives and coordination of Federal, State, and local taxation.

XII. Suffrage

1. We urge that residents of the District of Columbia should, in common with all other citizens, enjoy the right of suffrage upon a national and a municipal basis.

XIII. Territories and possessions

1. We favor the immediate admission of the Territory of Hawaii as the fortyninth State; the consideration of Alaska for statehood; granting to the Virgin Islands increasing responsibilities of self-government; and giving to Puerto Rico the deserved right to vote on its political status.

2. We urge that there be no discrimination against the full citizenship rights of American Indians and that civil rights and citizenship be granted to the inhabitants of Guam and American Samoa. We further urge immediate civil rather than military government for the former Japanese mandated islands.

3. We believe that the continued subjection of Puerto Rico to colonial rule is contrary to our principles of national liberation and self-determination and to the principles of the United Nations, including the furtherance of world peace and justice between the peoples of all nations. In support of these principles, and to aid in establishing a basis for lasting friendship with Latin America, we urge that Puerto Rico be granted the right of self-determination in the creation of a democratic government, and that adequate economic assistance be extended to Puerto Rico to aid in the provision of its economic well-being.

STATEMENT OF MIKE M. MASAOKA, NATIONAL LEGISLATIVE DIRECTOR OF THE JAPANESE AMERICAN CITIZENS LEAGUE ANTIDISCRIMINATION COMMITTEE, INC.

Mr. MASAOKA. My name is Mike-a good old American name, almost Irish-Masaoka.

I am the national legislative director of the Japanese American Citizens League Anti-Discrimination Committee, Inc.

I am a native of Salt Lake City, Utah, although we have our Washington offices now at 501 B Street, NE.

Senator DONNELL. And you are of what racial descent?

Mr. MASAOKA. I am a Japanese American-and in speaking of Japanese American-this may be a little corny-but I would like to suggest that we do not use the hyphen between the words "Japanese" and "American."

We may be short in stature but we say very definitely that we are not hyphenated in our Americanism.

The "Japanese" is simply a descriptive adjective modifying the noun "American.”

Senator IVES. Pardon me, Mr. Chairman.

I do not think I could pronounce your last name. Do you mind if I call you Mr. Mike?

Mr. MASAOKA. Everyone calls me Mike.

Senator IVES. I would make a fiasco of it if I tried to pronounce your last name.

But I think you have hit on something that is pretty fundamental there and perhaps you intended to, and perhaps you did not-but it is this hyphenated American business.

I think the time has got to come when we have to cease to be hyphenated Americans. We are Americans, or we are not Americans. Never mind where our ancestors came from, or who they were. Mr. MASAOKA. I certainly agree with you, Senator.

I might say the only reason we use "Japanese" is simply to identify our particular problem at this time.

I hope soon that we will be able to eliminate "Japanese" or any other group.

I was born here; I served in the Army; and I would like to make a comment about that later but I would like just to say something about my education and perhaps even my religion, because at times people wonder just what the religion of a Japanese American might be.

Senator DONNELL. Pardon me.

Mr. Masaoka, your father and mother were born in Japan; were they?

Mr. MASAOKA. Yes.

Senator DONNELL. And they came here to this country and you were born here, in Utah?

Mr. MASAOKÁ. Yes, sir. Well, I was born in Fresno, but I was raised in Utah, and went to school there. My legal residence is there. I am a graduate of the University of Utah at Salt Lake City. I majored in history and political science. This means, of course, that I am not an attorney and perhaps not qualified to discuss the technical features of this bill, but like everyone else that has a concern and interest in this bill, we know that there is something wrong, and that that something wrong is discrimination, largely in employment, and then in some other fields, and I would like to have something done about it.

Senator DONNELL. Before we go into the merits of the measure, Mr. Masaoka, would you tell us please more fully what is the Anti-Discrimination Committee, Inc., for which I understand you are appearing here this morning?

Mr. MASAOKA. Yes.

The Japanese American Citizens' League is the over-all organization. It is the only national organization of Americans of Japanese ancestry in the United States.

Senator DONNELL. And how large an organization is that?

Mr. MASAOKA. It is an organization with 50 chapters in the United States, and about 10,000 members.

Senator DONNELL. That is, the Japanese American Citizens' League, has about 10,000 members?

Mr. MASAOKA. That is right.

Senator DONNELL. And how widely distributed are they over the United States?

Mr. MASAOKA. We have a chapter in the Senator's State of New York.

We have one in yours, Senator Donnell.

Unfortunately we do not have one in Louisiana, although we did train Japanese American combat troops part of the time in your State.

Senator ELLENDER. I do not think you have many Japanese in Louisiana; do you?

Mr. MASAOKA. Yes; we have a few in New Orleans, sir.

We have a chapter scattered in areas wherever there is a concentration of citizens of Japanese ancestry, but most of them, naturally, are on the west coast.

Senator DONNELL. Now, of your 10,000 membership, approximately how many are on the west coast?

Mr. MASAOKA. Of our 10,000 membership, I would say that at the present time approximately half are on the west coast.

Senator DONNELL. And how many are on the east coast?

Mr. MASAOKA. About a fifth, and the rest are in the Midwest. Senator DONNELL. You have about 2,000, then, on the east coast. Mr. MASAOKA. Yes.

Senator DONNELL. Where are those 3,000 located?

Mr. MASAOKA. They would be in areas such as St. Louis, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Denver, Salt Lake City, eastern Idaho, and parts of that sort.

I might say that while it is the Japanese American Citizens League, our membership is not confined only to Japanese-Americans. We invite the membership of other Americans of good will and we do have approximately, shall we say, about a thousand who are nonJapanese Americans.

Senator DONNELL. How many of Japanese origin are there other than on the west coast and the east coast who are members of the Japanese American Citizens League?

Mr. MASAOKA. Let me see.

I would say about 5,000 of our membership is on the Pacific coast, about 2,000 on the eastern seaboard, and approximately 3,000 in the rest of the United States.

None of our chapters, incidentally, are in the South.

Senator DONNELL. I was going to ask you about that in a moment. Of those 3,000 that are elsewhere than on the two coasts, how many of those would you say are of original Japanese origin?

Mr. MASAOKA. Just about 9 out of 10, sir.

Senator DONNELL. Nine out of ten?

Mr. MASAOKA. Perhaps even a little higher.

Senator DONNELL. I see.

Pretty close, then, to about 3,000 of your membership other than on the two coasts are composed of persons whose ancestry was originally Japanese?

Mr. MASAOKA. Yes, sir.

Senator DONNELL. And you have very few in the South?

Mr. MASAOKA. We have no chapters in the South although we have some associated memberships.

Senator DONNELL. There are no chapters in the South?

Mr. MASAOKA. You see, a chapter to be regularly chartered must have a certain number. The number is 25, to become a chapter of the association.

Those who reside in areas in which we do not have chapters become associate members. I think we have two in Florida in that category. Senator DONNELL. You are the national legislative director of this Anti-Discrimination Committee, Inc.?