Knight Banneret by King Henry the Seventh. His first wife was Jane, daughter and sole heir of Henry Drury, esquire, of Ickworth in Suffolk; and his second Margaret, daughter and heir of Chedworth, by whom he was ancestor of the Carews of Crowcombe in Somersetshire. The female effigy belongs to the latter lady as is proved by an inscription, of which copies exist, though it is now no longer remaining. John Carew, son of Sir William, and Margaret his wife, were formerly commemorated by brass plates on a gravestone near his father's tomb.

The corresponding tomb on the south side bears the recumbent effigies of Sir Robert Drury, Knt. who died in 1535-6, and his first wife Anne daughter of Sir William Calthorpe. The knight is in a complete suit of plate-armour, with puckered lamboys representing drapery, worn as a skirt, over the thighs, an instance of rare occurrence on monumental effigies. His gauntlets are under his legs, and at his feet is a now headless greyhound. The lady is habited in the same style as Lady Carew, but the dress is more ornamented. Around her neck is a massive chain with a suspended cross; and around her loins a girdle from which hangs an aulmonier or purse. At her feet are two dogs at play.

Before we close this book we may remark that the chapter on Ecclesiastical History includes a passage of considerable importance, describing the origin of the remarkable sect of the Browneists, in the sixteenth century, from the preaching of Robert Browne, a minister of Bury.

The History and Antiquities of the Parish of Darlington, in the Bishoprick. By W. Hylton Dyer Longstaffe, esq. F.S.A. 8vo. pp. 374, cxxxiv.-This book is one of the fullest and most comprehensive in every department of information falling within the province of the local historian that it has been our business to examine. If ever the homely but expressive comparison which speaks of "an egg full of meat" might be justly applied to a book, it fairly belongs to these close compacted and richly-stored pages. Nor is the arrangement of their contents less commendable than their copiousness: whilst a pleasant stream of entertaining anecdotes so percolates the more grave and dry details as will render the book at once agreeable and attractive to general readers. Mr. Longstaffe has caught the true spirit of our North-Country historians. The learning, research, and accuracy of Whitaker and Hunter, of Surtees and of Raine, have not in vain irradiated the paths in which he has undertaken to follow the historic muse. At the same time, the GENT. MAG. VOL. XLII.

local field of his labours has been hitherto very inadequately illustrated: so that, in fact, the contents of his book have in great measure the value of originality.

Dr. Dibdin, in his Literary and Bibliographical Tour to the North, says that Upon the whole the county of Durham all through cannot boast, I think, a large aggregate of riches. Darlington would be nothing if it were not a post-town. Hartlepool is a poor inconsiderable fishing-town; and, if it were not for the clerical revenue and patronage of Durham, I should think that Sunderland might buy the whole county." This passage, as our author remarks, only shows how little Dibdin knew about Darlington. "It is true (he adds) that the new mode of transit has brought great wealth to some of its inhabitants; but, independently of that, its markets and manufactures have ever made it a place of some consequence. In Leland's time it was the best market-town in the Bishoprick, saving Duresme;' and in later times the most noted town in England for the linen manufacture, especially hugabacks;' nay more, if we adopt another writer's zealous assertion (Universal Magazine, 1749), for such manufactures it was the most noted place in the whole world!" Thoresby, the antiquary, writing in 1703, attributes the prosperity of the trade of Darlington to the late Queen: "where, by the encouragement of the late Queen Mary, is settled the linen manufacture; they make excellent huckaback and diaper, and some damask, &c."

The commercial history of the town is more gravely detailed in another place :

"At one time upwards of 1500 looms were employed in Darlington and the neighbourhood. Steam has changed the tune. Darlington and its collieries, however, are still no dwarfs in manufactures. In the Great Exposition of 1851, the material of the flags which from the exterior of the Crystal Palace fluttered a welcome to all, was made here by Messrs. Pease and Co.; the very iron was smelted by Pease's coke; Mr. Pease's fire-bricks gained a prize; patent fuel made at Middlesbrough, a council medal; and the Coburg cloth, manufactured here by Henry Pease and Co. carried away a prize against Halifax competitors, and numerous old houses which had considered themselves unapproachable.”

In the sixteenth century Darlington was the only place of any substance between York and Berwick-upon-Tweed. In 1545 the Earl of Hertford states that the Lieutenant and Council of the North, with their trains, had lain there almost continually for these three years past. Provisions, however, had in consequence grown 30

so dear, that on that account, and because the plague had recently broken out in the town, the Earl could not then expect to find any long rest there, on his way from Berwick, "where most part of the people of the town were dead of the same " disease, nor until he should arrive at York. This state of the country is confirmed by a letter which was written not ten years before. In 1536 Henry VIII. proposed to have a meeting with his royal brother-in-law of Scotland, and Lord Howard told the Scots that the meeting must necessarily take place at Newcastle, because his sovereign could not be furnished to his honour, either with sufficient carriage, or with victuals or lodging, betwixt York and Newcastle.

After all, the country north of the Tees will naturally strike a stranger, as in the case of Dr. Dibdin, with a contrast to the densely-peopled and busy manufacturing districts of Yorkshire: though the mines of "black diamonds," and the improved agricultural advantages enjoyed since our final peace with Scotland, have formed almost a new creation since the days of bluff King Harry.

Our historian admits that the advantages of railway traffic have materially advanced the modern prosperity of the town. But

how extraordinary are the changes, not only there but everywhere, which the abridgment of time and travel in our means of internal communication has effected, since those days when Darlington was chiefly remarkable as the best resting-place between York and Newcastle! It is not in the mere act of locomotion, but in all the transactions and manners of daily life, that these changes, in their ramified and varied results, are strikingly perceptible: leaving past customs and usages, as wrecks upon the shore of time, the objects of curiosity and wonder to a new generation. To select, with judgment, those minute vestigia of the past which stamp a character upon the age, is now the office of the domestic historian; and this is peculiarly the business of one who undertakes to relate the history of a town, and not the mere descent of manors and territorial property. In these respects Mr. Longstaffe has shown himself alive to every possible source of information. Not only does he place in his alembic those local records which are the undeniable materials for such a work, but he has skilfully availed himself of the hints that may be gleaned in the perusal of historical and biographical literature. He has not disdainfully rejected the incidental remarks of any passing traveller on the Great North Road, but, pardoning the partial ignorance and misapprehension which are natural to strangers, he has contrived to extract even

from their remarks some of the most interesting traits in his historic picture.

We cannot refrain also from passing an encomium upon his research in respect to the once unaccountable pools of the HellKettles, of which so many marvels have been told by our early writers: all of these he has searched out and detailed with singular perspicuity, and they form a curious chapter in the history of by-gone philosophy. The account of the old chroniclers, which, though it has been treated with incredulity, there now appears to be no reason to doubt, is that these pools were formed by the sudden subsidence of the earth in the year 1178. After all the uncertain and marvellous conjectures that have been formed respecting these pits, a wider inquiry has now ascertained that they are by no means unparalleled, but that similar phenomena have occurred in other places, and some within the memory of man. About a century ago, near Leeming the ground gave way, and a deep pond took its place. At Littlethorpe, near Thirsk, is the pool of Gormire, which was formed in like manner about 56 years ago; and another was formed at Bishop Monkton about 26 years ago.

We need only allude to the care with which Mr. Longstaffe has compiled a summary account of the rebellion of the Northern Earls in the reign of Elizabeth, as well as of every other historical event which has affected the locality of Darlington. We have already said that he is full and copious on every branch of his subject: but it is in his genealogies that he appears to place his chief boast. Listen to the enthusiasm with which he speaks of his labours on the knightly family of the Clervaux. "The race for generations slept in happy ignorance of the real glories of their ancestors. Heralds contented themselves with a tall, wormlike, miserable adumbration of a pedigree, in which a long file of misty warriors peeped from the gossamer webs of fraud in which the heralds had enveloped it. Yet the Clervaux gave the most extended and knightly state of any of the families on the Tees. Surtees and Baliol, Aslakby and Conyers, after a brilliant but transient succession of important representatives, departed like the thin shades of the morning; but from the time of Henry III. to the present day the heritage of Croft has passed in only two names, [Clervaux and Chaytor], and in but one blood. It has been my privilege, and I feel it to be a proud one, to be the first man who has dared to sweep away the brilliant but false covering from the history of Clervaux. If I have knocked off two centuries from the dull list of dateless names, I have, I trust, given an interest

of a more abiding and of a much more important character to the subject. It has been my luck to be favoured with a lengthened use of a fine chartulary, containing copies of every document in existence at the period of Henry VI. which referred to the title of the widened estates of Clervaux at that time; and by the aid of the splendid array of evidences contained in that beautiful volume, and a huge selection of other family records, the wretched skeleton is now being clothed with healthy sinews."

The Clervaux who made the chartulary above mentioned was "one whose veins flowed with the blood of the turbulent Nevilles and rash Percys," and who yet "conciliated all dynasties and changes of advisers in six reigns of the Roses." He appears to have made large additions to his estates, probably to have rebuilt his mansion at Croft, and adorned it with the stained glass which is described in the County Visitation of 1666; and at last he was buried under a ponderous grey-marble tomb, which still displays his arms surrounded by the Lancastrian collar of esses, and an inscription boasting not only that he was esquire for the body of King Henry the Sixth, but also of kin in the third degree to the fourth Edward and third Richard.

Mr. Longstaffe has other elaborate pedigrees of the families of Hilton, Allan of Blackwell Grange (the present owner of which has, with hereditary zeal for historical antiquities, largely contributed to the promotion of this and other works of a kindred character), Barnes (bailiffs of Darlington, one of whom was a Bishop of · Durham,) and many others. Among his biographies are those of the antiquaries Allan and Cade, the mathematician Emerson, a very full and interesting one of William Bewick the painter, and several other persons of more or less merit or notoriety including the two Countesses of Darlington, the favourite ladies of James II. and George I., and the beautiful Mary Clements, daughter of the Postmaster of Darlington, and grandmother of the late Duke of Gloucester.

Collectanea Antiqua. Etchings and Notices of Ancient Remains, illustrative of the Habits, Customs, and History of Past Ages. By Charles Roach Smith, H.M.R.S.L. &c. &c. Vol. III. Part IV. 8vo. We are happy to announce the completion of the Third Volume of this interesting and valuable series of archæological records. It commences with some account of a visit to the Roman Castra at Risingham and High Rochester, on the Roman Wall, made in the company of Dr. Bruce,

the historian of that great work of our first civilisers. The next article relates to the Faussett Collection of Anglo-Saxon Antiquities, upon which Mr. Smith is now preparing a distinct publication. This paper contains some stringent and well-directed animadversions upon the unpatriotic conduct of the Trustees of the British Museum in regard to that collection. The next describes a Romano-Gaulish vase now in the Louvre, and which probably came from Tournay, which is inscribed GENIO TVRNACESIV.; and an inscribed fragment of Roman pottery found at Leicester, and now preserved in the museum of that town. This bears the names of VERECVNDA LVDIA. LVCIVS GLADIATOR, and, having a hole bored through it for suspension, is regarded as a love-token given by Lucius the gladiator to Verecunda Ludia, or Lydia. Next follows a plate of fourteen Roman seals of lead, the greater part of which were found at Brough upon Stan. moor in Westmerland, and the rest at Felixstowe in Suffolk. They appear to have been fastened by strings to certain articles of merchandise. Half of them have engraved devices on one side only; the others on both sides.

The longest paper in the Part consists of the continuation and conclusion of the late Mr. Crofton Croker's Notes on various discoveries of Gold Plates, chiefly in the South of Ireland: a valuable compilation, from the attention of that gentleman having been for so many years alive to the subject. We may remark, en passant, that his account of the Irish crown presented to the "Liberator" does not say much in confirmation of its historical accuracy: "A cap or crown of gold, as it is called, is figured in the preface to Dermod O'Connor's translation of Keating's History of Ireland (1723). In form, this cap perfectly resembles that of a Chinese mandarin; and the famous repeal cap of O'Connell was modelled in felt, by a clever Scotch manufacturer, after this golden crown." Mr. Croker gives some particulars of the great find of gold made last spring at Newmar ket-on-Fergus (see the report in our present number of the meeting of the Kilkenny Archæological Society), and more full particulars of the former great find at New Grange in Dec. 1842, of which the proceeds are in the possession of Lord Londesborough, and were exhibited at the Dublin Industrial Exhibition in 1853. He concludes with some account of the Wicklow gold-mines, which were worked for a short period at the close of the last century. They are stated to have produced gold to about the value of 3,5001. during the two months they were managed by go. vernment, though it was stated that the

peasantry had previously extracted ore to a much larger amount,-chiefly from the mud and sand of the Ballinvalley stream. The largest "nugget" was one of twentytwo ounces.

The closing pages of the book are occupied by brief notices of recent researches and discoveries, chiefly of Roman antiquities, made in various parts of this country and of France since Mr. Smith's last volume. At p. 218 is a remarkable account of a Gallo-Roman fortress or castrum discovered at a place named Larçay, which we find is only six or seven miles from the city of Tours. Its walls are described as solidly built, very thick, and at intervals strengthened by semicircular towers. This mode of construction shows a close resemblance to the Roman castra on our own shores, at Pevensey, Richborough, Lymne, and Burgh, and we are surprised to observe in the Atheneum Française (Feb. 13), that the Institut of France, through M. Quicherat, has disputed the opinion of its Roman origin expressed by its discoverer M. Boilleau, and has declared it to be the ruin of a medieval castle or chateau.

Another notice relates to the recent excavations made in Pevensey castle, of which Mr. M. A. Lower has already published a report in the Sussex Archæological Collections, but of which Mr. Smith proposes to render further account to the subscribers to the excavations, so soon as he has completed some comparisons between the Pevensey castrum and others in France.

We are also rejoiced to find, towards the end of the volume, an announcement of "a projected work, illustrative of Roman London." This would be an undertaking worthy of the talents and opportunities of Mr. Roach Smith, and which would perpetuate to posterity the reputation which he already enjoys among his contemporaries. We will not say it would be his best monument: for we cannot resist the anticipation that it might lead, before the antiquarian community is finally deprived of his services, to a more complete review of the whole subject of our Roman antiquities, in the form of a BRITANNIA ROMANA.

We observe that, in his title-page to this volume, Mr. Roach Smith no longer styles himself a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London, and that in the Preface he defends himself from the charge of having withheld from that Society the communication of various discoveries, the details of which would have found their appropriate place in the Transactions of that body. He refers to the experience of former years, when he was kept waiting for many months together in uncertainty as to the possible publication of papers,

and their subsequent appearance without adequate engravings, or even their rejection on the question of expense. He adds that the first paper in the present volume was offered to the Society, and refused because the Council could not afford the artist's expenses, estimated at ten pounds. "In no way (Mr. Smith adds) have I deserted the Society; the Society has simply been unable to assist and keep pace with me." Admitting to their fullest extent Mr. Roach Smith's complaints of procrastination and neglect, and of an unwise parsimony during a period of the Society's administration which is now passed by,we really cannot perceive how he can maintain his assertion that he has not deserted this Society, when he has wholly discontinued his communications to it, and even dropped his designation as a Fellow. That many of the best and most efficient members of the Society have not deserted him is proved by his own list of Subscribers: and we feel assured that any further communications he might make would now be received with the respect due to his great erudition in archæology and his acknowledged reputation: and, moreover, that they would be published, and illustrated, with a liberality commensurate with their value, and with the present renewed prosperity of the financial status of the Society. We devoutly hope to see a speedy close to the state of feeling which is betrayed in Mr. Smith's closing remarks on "The Society of Antiquaries of London ;" and we should rejoice to witness hereafter a cordial co-operation of the resources of the one and the talents of the other in the production of the BRITANNIA ROMANA to which we have already alluded.

The Batiles and Battle Fields of Yorkshire; from the earliest times to the end of the Great Civil War. By William Grainge. Post 8vo. pp. 204.-This is a compilation of much local interest, and as such will be welcomed, we are sure, by the large number of persons of literary and historical taste which must exist among the teeming population of Yorkshire. It appears to have been suggested to the author, not in the mere spirit of book-making, but in the honest desire to gratify his own curiosity; and his present offer to impart the like satisfaction to his countrymen deserves their grateful reception. The historical portions of the book are compilations wholly, as may be imagined, from printed sources; but the battle-fields themselves are described from actual observation, and the traditions and anecdotes regarding them have been mostly collected on the spots where they are said to have happened. Professor Phillips, in