suppression of illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in narcotic and psychotropic drugs and other controlled substances, as evidenced by seizures of such drugs and substances and of illicit laboratories and the arrest and prosecution of violators involved in the traffic in such drugs and substances significantly affecting the United States?

(3) Has that government taken the legal and law enforcement steps necessary to eliminate, to the maximum extent possible, the laundering in that country of drug-related profits or drug-related moneys, as evidenced by

(A) the enactment and enforcement by that government of laws prohibiting such conduct;

(B) that government entering into, and cooperating under the terms of, mutual legal assistance agreements with the United States governing (but not limited to) money laundering; and

(C) the degree to which that government otherwise cooperates with United States law enforcement authorities on anti-money laundering efforts?

(4) Has that government taken the legal and law enforcement steps necessary to eliminate, to the maximum extent possible, bribery and other forms of public corruption which facilitate the illicit production, processing, or shipment of narcotic and psychotropic drugs and other controlled substances, or which discourage the investigation and prosecution of such acts, as evidenced by the enactment and enforcement of laws prohibiting such conduct?

(5) Has that government, as a matter of government policy or practice, encouraged or facilitated the illicit production or distribution of narcotic and psychotropic drugs and other controlled substances?

(6) Does any senior official of that government engage in, encourage, or facilitate the illicit production or distribution of narcotic and psychotropic drugs and other controlled substances?

(7) Has that government investigated aggressively all cases in which any member of an agency of the United States Government engaged in drug enforcement activities has been the victim, since January 1, 1985, of acts or threats of violence, inflicted by or with the complicity of any law enforcement or other officer of such country or any political subdivision thereof, and energetically sought to bring the perpetrators of such offense or offenses to justice?

(8) Having been requested to do so by the United States Government, does that government fail to provide reasonable cooperation to lawful activities of United States drug enforcement agents, including the refusal of permission to such agents engaged in interdiction of aerial smuggling into the United States to pursue suspected aerial smugglers a reasonable distance into the airspace of the requested country?

(9) Has that government made necessary changes in legal codes in order to enable law enforcement officials to move

more effectively against narcotics traffickers, such as new conspiracy laws and new asset seizure laws?

(10) Has that government expeditiously processed United States extradition requests relating to narcotics trafficking?

(11) Has that government refused to protect or give haven to any known drug traffickers, and has it expeditiously processed extradition requests relating to narcotics trafficking made by other countries?

(d) CONGRESSIOnal Review.—Subsection (e) shall apply if, within 45 days of continuous session (within the meaning of section 601(b)(1) of the International Security Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of 1976) after receipt of a certification under subsection (b), the Congress enacts a joint resolution disapproving the determination of the President contained in such certification.

(e) DENIAL OF ASSISTANCE FOR COUNTRIES DECERTIFIED.—If the President does not make a certification under subsection (b) with respect to a country or the Congress enacts a joint resolution disapproving such certification, then until such time as the conditions specified in subsection (f)(1) are satisfied

(1) funds may not be obligated for United States assistance for that country, and funds previously obligated for United States assistance for that country may not be expended for the purpose of providing assistance for that country; and

(2) the requirement to vote against multilateral development bank assistance pursuant to subsection (a)(2) shall apply with respect to that country, without regard to the date specified in that subsection.

(1) TIME OF RECERTIFICATION; CONGRESSIONAL ACTION.-Subsection (e) shall apply to a country described in that subsection until

(A) the President makes a certification under subsection (b) with respect to that country, and the Congress does not enact a joint resolution under subsection (d) disapproving the determination of the President contained in that certification; or

(B) the President submits, at any other time, a certification described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of subsection (b)(1) with respect to such country, and the Congress enacts a joint resolution approving the determination of the President contained in that certification.

(2) CONGRESSIONAL REVIEW PROCEDURES.-(A) Any joint resolution under this section shall be considered in the Senate in accordance with the provisions of section 601(b) of the International Security Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of 1976.

(B) For the purpose of expediting the consideration and enactment of joint resolutions under this section, a motion to proceed to the consideration of any such joint resolution after it has been reported by the appropriate committee shall be treated as highly privileged in the House of Representatives. (g) DETERMINING MAJOR DRUG-TRANSIT AND MAJOR ILLICIT DRUG PRODUCING COUNTRIES AFTER SEPTEMBER 30, 1994.

(1) ESTABLISHMENT OF GUIDELINES.-For each calendar year, the Secretary of State, after consultation with the appropriate committees of the Congress, shall establish numerical standards and other guidelines for determining which countries will be considered to be major drug-transit countries under subparagraphs (A) and (B) of section 481(e)(5).

(2) NOTICE TO CONGRESS OF PRELIMINARY STANDARDS.-Not later than September 1 of each year, the Secretary of State shall make a preliminary determination of the numerical standards and other guidelines to be used pursuant to paragraph (1) with respect to that year and shall notify the appropriate committees of the Congress of those standards and guidelines.

(3) NOTICE TO CONGRESS OF PRELIMINARY DETERMINATIONS.— Not later than October 1 of each year, the Secretary of State shall notify the appropriate committees of the Congress of

(A) which countries have been determined to be major drug-transit countries for that year under the numerical standards and other guidelines developed pursuant to this subsection; and

(B) which countries have been determined to be major illicit drug producing countries for that year.

Chapter 9-International Disaster Assistance 412

Sec. 491.413 Policy and General Authority. (a) The Congress, recognizing that prompt United States assistance to alleviate human suffering caused by natural and manmade disasters is an important expression of the humanitarian concern and tradition of the people of the United States, affirms the willingness of the United States to provide assistance for the relief and rehabilitation of people and countries affected by such disasters.

(b) Subject to the limitations 414 in section 492, and notwithstanding any other provision of this or any other Act, the President is authorized to furnish assistance to any foreign country, international organization, or private voluntary organization,415 on such terms and conditions as he may determine, for international disaster relief and rehabilitation, including assistance relating to disaster preparedness, and to the prediction of, and contingency planning for, natural disasters abroad.

412 Sec. 101(1) of Public Law 94-161 (89 Stat. 849) inserted "International Disaster Assistance" in lieu of "Refugee Relief Assistance".

413 22 U.S.C. 2292. Sec. 491 was added by sec. 101(3) of Public Law 94-161 (80 Stat. 849). An earlier sec. 491, which was added by sec. 109 of the FA Act of 1971, and repealed by sec. 101(2) of Public Law 94-161 (89 Stat. 849), read as follows:

"Sec. 491. Refugee Relief Assistance.-There is authorized to be appropriated to the President for the fiscal year 1972, in addition to funds otherwise available for such purposes, not to exceed $250,000,000, to remain available until expended, for use by the President in providing assistance for the relief and rehabilitation of refugees from East Pakistan and for humanitarian relief in East Pakistan. Such assistance shall be distributed, to the maximum extent practicable, under the auspices of and by international institutions and relief agencies or United States voluntary agencies.".

414 The words "on appropriations" which previously appeared at this point, were struck out by sec. 404(b) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1980 (Public Law 96-533; 94 Stat. 3150).

415 The words, "international organization, or private voluntary organization," were inserted in lieu of "or international organization" by Sec. 118(a) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat. 953).

(c) In carrying out the provisions of this section the President shall insure that the assistance provided by the United States shall, to the greatest extent possible, reach those most in need of relief and rehabilitation as a result of natural and manmade disasters.

Sec. 492.416 Authorization. (a) 417 There are authorized to be appropriated to the President to carry out section 491, $25,000,000 for the fiscal year 1986 and $25,000,000 for the fiscal year 1987.418 Amounts appropriated under this section are authorized to remain available until expended.419

(b) 417 In addition to amounts otherwise available to carry out this chapter, up to $50,000,000 in any fiscal year may be obligated against appropriations under this part (other than this chapter) for use in providing assistance in accordance with the authorities and general policies of section 491. Amounts subsequently appropriated under this chapter with respect to a disaster may be used to reimburse any appropriation account against which obligations were incurred under this subsection with respect to that disaster.

Sec. 493.420 Disaster Assistance Coordination.—The President is authorized to appoint a Special Coordinator for International Disaster Assistance whose responsibility shall be to promote maximum effectiveness and coordination in responses to foreign disasters by United States agencies and between the United States and other donors. Included among the Special Coordinator's responsibilities shall be the formulation and updating of contingency plans for providing disaster relief.

Sec. 494.421 Disaster Relief Assistance.-There is authorized to be appropriated, in addition to other sums available for such purposes, $65,000,000 for use by the President for disaster relief and emergency recovery needs in Pakistan, and Nicaragua, under such terms and conditions as he may determine, such sums to remain available until expended.

*** 22 USC. 2292a. Sec. 492 was added by sec. 101(3) of Public Law 94-161 (89 Stat. 849). *** The subsection designation "(a)" and a new subsec. (b) were added by sec. 404(a) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1980 (Public Law 96-533; 94 Stat 2.307

**The authorization figures for fiscal years 1986 and 1987 were inserted by sec. 404 of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985. (Public Law 99-83; 99 Stat. 2.4. Autoraations under Sec. 492 in recent years included the following: fiscal year 1979$2,000, facal year 1980 $21,800,000; fiscal year 1981-$25,000,000; fiscal year 1982— NO (DAA), fiacal year 1983 $27,000,000; fiscal year 1984 $25,000,000; fiscal year 1985-no ausworization, facal year 1988 no authorization; fiscal year 1989-no authorization; fiscal year ** no mization; fiscal year 1991-no authorization; fiscal year 1992 no authorization. Cmqrdt enact an authorization for fiscal year 1993. Instead, the Foreign Operations, tum trancing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1993 (Public Law 102-391) waived ink rentenia for authorization, and title II of that Act (106 Stat. 1643) provided the follow

"INTERNATIONAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE

* Narary expenses to carry out the provisions of section 491, $48,965,000, to remain nahla . expended.".

WATER which called for a quarterly report on the programming and obligation of And what "42 and had previously appeared at this point, was struck by Sec 118/bx2) of ** maratona Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat.

ima, 28. 10 Sec 493 was added by sec. 101(3) of Public Law 94-161 (89 Stat. 849) atcZU. Former sec. 452, which was added by sec. 22) of the Foreign Disaster AsBabanın her 44 Public Law 93-333), was redesignated as sec. 494 by sec. 101(4) of Public 1 me 14.3.20 at 649)

Sec. 494A.422 Famine and Disaster Relief to Drought-Stricken African Nations.—* [Repealed-1978]

*

Sec. 494B.423 African Development Program.-** nated-1977]

* [Redesig

Sec. 495.424 Cyprus Relief and Rehabilitation.-The President is authorized to furnish assistance, on such terms and conditions as he may determine, for the relief and rehabilitation of refugees and other needy people in Cyprus. There is authorized to be appropriated for the purposes of this section, in addition to amounts otherwise available for such purposes, $40,000,000.425 Such amount is authorized to remain available until expended. Assistance under this section shall be provided in accordance with the policy and general authority contained in section 491.

Sec. 495A.426 Guatemala Relief and Rehabilitation.-*** [Repealed-1978]

Sec. 495B.427 Italy Relief and Rehabilitation.—(a) In addition to amounts otherwise available for such purpose, there is authorized to be appropriated $25,000,000 for the fiscal year 1976 to furnish assistance under this chapter for the relief and rehabilitation of the people who have been victimized by the recent earthquake in Italy. Amounts appropriated under this section are authorized to remain available until expended.

(b) 428 There are authorized to be appropriated to the President $30,000,000 for the fiscal year 1978 for relief, rehabilitation, and reconstruction assistance, in accordance with the provisions of section 491 and on such terms and conditions as he may determine, for the people who have been victimized by the recent earthquakes in Italy. Amounts appropriated under this subsection are authorized to remain available until expended.

(c) Obligations incurred prior to the date of enactment of this section against other appropriations or accounts for the purpose of providing relief and rehabilitation assistance to the people of Italy may be charged to the appropriations authorized under this section.

422 Sec. 494A, originally added as sec. 639A by the FA Act of 1973 and subsequently redesignated as sec. 494A by Public Law 94-161 (89 Stat. 849), was repealed by sec. 604 of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat. 961).

423 Sec. 494B, originally added as sec. 639B of this Act by the FA Act of 1973 and later redesignated as sec. 494B in 1975, was subsequently redesignated as sec. 120 (Sahel Development Program-Planning) by sec. 115 of Public Law 95-88 (91 Stat. 539).

424 22 U.S.C. 2292f. Sec. 495 was added by sec. 101(8) of Public Law 94-161 (89 Stat. 849). 425 Sec. 402 of the International Security Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of 1976 (Public Law 94-329; 90 Stat. 757) inserted "$40,000,000" in lieu of "$30,000,000".

The FA Appropriations Act, 1976 provided the following: "Cyprus relief and rehabilitation: For necessary expenses to carry out the provisions of section 495, $25,000,000.".

For "Cyprus relief and rehabilitation" for the period July 1, 1976, through September 30, 1976, $5,000,000.

426 Sec. 495A, as added by Public Law 94-276 (90 Stat. 397), was repealed by sec. 604 of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat. 961). 427 22 U.S.C. 2292h. Sec. 495B was added by sec. 415 of the International Security Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of 1976 (Public Law 94-329; 90 Stat. 761).

428 Sec. 120 of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1977 (Public Law 95-88; 91 Stat. 541) redesignated subsec. (b) as subsec. (c) and added this new subsec. (b). The FA Appropriations Act, 1978, provided the following:

"Italy relief and rehabilitation assistance: For necessary expenses to carry out the provisions of section 495B, $25,000,000.".