States Government in undertaking consultations and planning with the countries concerned, and with other nations providing assistance, with the United Nations, and with other concerned international and regional organizations, toward the development and support of a comprehensive long-term African Sahel development program.

(b) 82 The President is authorized to develop a long-term comprehensive development program for the Sahel and other droughtstricken nations in Africa.

(c) 82 In developing this long-term program, the President shall(1) consider international coordination for the planning and implementation of such program;

(2) seek greater participation and support by African countries and organizations in determining development priorities; and

(3) begin such planning immediately.

(d) 82

[Repealed-1978]

Sec. 121.83 Sahel Development Program-Implementation. [Repealed-1990]

82 Subsecs. (b), (c), and (d) were added by sec. 101(7)D) of Public Law 94-161 (89 Stat. 849). Subsec. (d) was subsequently repealed by sec. 502(d)(1) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat. 959).

83 Sec. 562 of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1991 (Public Law 101-513; 104 Stat. 2026), added a new chapter 10 to part I of this Act, providing for long-term development in sub-Saharan Africa (see page 170), and made a conforming amendment by repealing sec. 121. Sec. 121, as added by sec. 115(3) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1977 (Public Law 95-88; 91 Stat. 53), and amended by sec. 108 of the International Development Cooperation Act of 1979 (Public Law 96-53; 93 Stat. 363), sec. 809 of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-83; 99 Stat. 263), International Security and Development Assistance Authorization Act of 1983 (sec. 101(b)(2) of the Further Continuing Appropriations, 1984, Public Law 98-151; 97 Stat. 969), sec. 308 of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1981 (Public Law 97-113; 95 Stat. 1535), and sec. 306 of Public Law 96-533 (94 Stat. 363), formerly read as follows:

"Sec. 121. Sahel Development Program—Implementation.—(a) The President is authorized to furnish assistance, on such terms and conditions as he may determine, for the long-term development of the Sahelian region. Assistance furnished under this section shall be in accordance with a long-term, multidonor development plan which calls for equitable burden sharing with other donors and shall be furnished, whenever appropriate, in cooperation with an international coordinating mechanism.

"(b) The President shall prepare an annual report on the Sahel Development Program concerning the allocation of the United States contribution to the Program, the extent of the contributions from other donor countries, the effectiveness of the integrated effort through the Club des Amis du Sahel, and the progress made in achieving the objectives of the program.

"(c) There are authorized to be appropriated to the President for purposes of this section beginning in the fiscal year 1978, in addition to funds otherwise available for such purposes, $200,000,000, except that not to exceed $50,000,000, may be appropriated under this section for the fiscal year 1978. In addition to the amount authorized in the preceding sentence and to funds otherwise available for such purposes, there are authorized to be appropriated to the President for purposes of this section $25,000,000. In addition to the amounts authorized in the preceding sentences and to funds otherwise available for such purposes, there are authorized to be appropriated to the President for purposes of this section $86,558,000 for the fiscal year 1986 and $87,750,000 for the fiscal year 1987. Amounts appropriated under this section are authorized to remain available until expended.

"(d) Funds available to carry out this section (including foreign currencies acquired with funds appropriated to carry out this section) may not be made available to any foreign government for disbursement unless the Administrator of the Agency for International Development determines that the foreign government will maintain a system of accounts with respect to those funds which will provide adequate identification of and control over the receipt and expenditure of those funds.

"(e) Grants shall be made under this section to Sahel Development Program host governments in order to help them enhance their administrative capabilities to meet the administrative requirements resulting from donor country projects and activities.".

athorities—an order to carry out the escents authorized to furnish asandicions as he may determine, to new programs of grant and loan assistance, cral muciateral, or private entities. Baronzed to make loans payable as to ed States dollars on such terms and y termine in order to promote the economic Cures and areas, with emphasis upon assisting 129 130 Crograms designed to develop economic reease productive capacities. The President shall deerest cavanie on any loan. In making loans under resident snail consider the economic circumwer and other relevant factors, including the ment country to repay the loan at a reasonable except that loans may not be made at a rate of inman per centum per annum commencing not later

Lowing the date on which the funds are initially Leer the loan, during which ten-year period the stall not be lower than 2 per centum per annum, ance appricaoie legal rate of interest of the country

weis caid during any fiscal year from Joans made dans ce under predecessor foreign ase roses in the Treasury as miscella

the funds mant Elable each s chapter at be used for assistmators as the Presiden met determine, Scricons The States for per capac event and carry SCOTT EN SICH development

I cerseny Development LES PR SIce agencies of The which shall, Le saurs and crite rdance with

tec States. Except in e were appointsaesent of the es assigned by ent of the Senate. mesons and CooperaEnds that the

international DevelopSec 10b) of that same dating them into

Tom Development and Food

was redesignated as ment and Food Assistance

ernacional Development and

participation of rural and urban poor people in their countries' development can be assisted and accelerated in an effective manner through an increase in activities planned and carried out by private and voluntary organizations and cooperatives. Such organizations and cooperatives, embodying the American spirit of self-help and assistance to others to improve their lives and incomes, constitute an important means of mobilizing private American financial and human resources to benefit poor people in developing countries. The Congress declares that it is in the interest of the United States that such organizations and cooperatives expand their overseas development efforts without compromising their private and independent nature. The Congress further declares that the financial resources of such organizations and cooperatives should be supplemented by the contribution of public funds for the purpose of undertaking development activities in accordance with the principles set forth in section 102 and, if necessary and determined on a case-by-case basis, for the purpose of sharing the cost of developing programs related to such activities.88 The Congress urges the Administrator of the agency primarily responsible for administering this part, in implementing programs authorized under this part, to draw on the resources of private and voluntary organizations and cooperatives to plan and carry out development activities and to establish simplified procedures for the development and approval of programs to be carried out by such private and voluntary organizations and cooperatives as have demonstrated a capacity to undertake effective development activities.89

(b) In order to further the efficient use of United States voluntary contributions for development, relief, and rehabilitation of friendly peoples, the President is authorized to use funds made available for the purposes of this chapter and chapter 10 of this part 90 to pay transportation charges on shipments by the American National Red Cross and by United States voluntary agencies registered with the Agency for International Development.91

(c) Reimbursement under this section may be provided for transportation charges on shipments from United States ports, or in the case of excess or surplus property supplied by the United States from foreign ports, to ports of entry abroad or to points of entry abroad in cases (1) of landlocked countries, (2) where ports cannot be used effectively because of natural or other disturbances, (3) where carriers to a specified country are unavailable, or (4) where a substantial savings in costs or time can be effected by the utilization of points of entry other than ports.

88 The words to this point beginning with "and, if necessary were added by sec. 307(1) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1980 (Public Law 96-533; 94 Stat. 3147).

"9 The words to this point beginning with "and to establish were added by sec. 307(2) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1980 (Public Law 96-533; 94 Stat. 3147).

90 Sec. 562 of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1991 (Public Law 101-513; 104 Stat. 2026), added a new chapter 10 to part I of this Act, providing for long-term development in sub-Saharan Africa (see page 170), and made a conforming amendment by inserting "and chapter 10 of this part❞ here.

1 This reference to the Agency for International Development was substituted in lieu of a reference to the Advisory Committee on Voluntary Foreign Aid by sec. 121 of the International Development Cooperation Act of 1979 (Public Law 96-53; 93 Stat. 366).

€ Where practicable, the President shall make arrangements with the receiving country for free entry of such shipments and for the making salatue by the country of local currencies for the parpose of decaying the transportation costs of such shipments from the port or point of entry of the receiving country to the designated shipping point of the consignee.

e #4 ProcubaS OF ASSISLance to countries contained in the or any other An shall not be construed to protibt assistance by the agency primary responsible for administering this part in support ď programs of private and voluntary organisations and cooperaLives areacy beg scopred prior to the date such protibman be comes applicable. The President shall take to consideration, in by Dee sanay pocitates or assistance would be appurable but for this subsection, whether common of support for suc proctims is in the manni tees f the Inner States. If the President commas su support after such date, he shall prepare and transit of inter than one year her such date, to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and to the chairman of the Commune x Free Relations of the Senate a report setting forth the reasons for sact or GEDUJE

Shah 1999 ** funds in An amount Not less that threat and one but percent of the aggre SHE AMOLDI Korræriet ir he is veART IT CERTY Dt sections 18. 143. 102, à 12 ant of Act shall be max sxs.jade ir Ir atvCES À ITTER AND VOTINGENT organizaDoes she ten sta se 7 chatne funOS II AZ ADount 2 68 car ser rent n such ACCTACKLE amount for the acZYRA Ngue sint valurians Funds made availshe Liver Olajaye « a part 1 of us be in the armies of pri182 AN valuiries ryanCUES THE D consideret in determining OVERLAY CU IN ALes i Zs subsection **

(g) 94 After December 31, 1984, funds made available to carry out section 103(a), 104(b), 104(c), 105, 106, 491, or 496 96 of this Act may not be made available for programs of any United States private and voluntary organization which does not obtain at least 20 percent of its total annual financial support for its international activities from sources other than the United States Government, except that this restriction does not apply with respect to programs which, as of that date, are receiving financial support from the agency primarily responsible for administering this part. The Administrator of the agency primarily responsible for administering this part may, on a case-by-case basis, waive the restriction established by this subsection, after taking into account the effectiveness of the overseas development activities of the organization, its level of volunteer support, its financial viability and stability, and the degree of its dependence for its financial support on the agency primarily responsible for administering this part.

(h) 97 The Congress recognizes that, in addition to their role in social and economic development, cooperatives provide an opportunity for people to participate directly in democratic decisionmaking. Therefore, assistance under this chapter shall be provided to rural and urban cooperatives which offer large numbers of lowand middle-income people in developing countries an opportunity to participate directly in democratic decisionmaking. Such assistance shall be designed to encourage the adoption of self-help, private sector cooperative techniques and practices which have been successful in the United States.

Sec. 124.98 Relatively Least Developed Countries. (a) Relatively least developed countries (as determined on the basis of criteria. comparable to those used for the United Nations General Assembly list of "least developed countries") are characterized by extreme poverty, very limited infrastructure, and limited administrative capacity to implement basic human needs growth strategies. In such countries special measures may be necessary to insure the full effectiveness of assistance furnished under this part.

(b) For the purpose of promoting economic growth in these countries, the President is authorized and encouraged to make assistance under this chapter available on a grant basis to the maximum extent that is consistent with the attainment of United States development objectives.

(c) 99 (1) The Congress recognizes that the relatively least developed countries have virtually no access to private international capital markets. Insofar as possible, prior assistance terms should be consistent with present grant assistance terms for relatively least developed countries. Therefore, notwithstanding section 620(r)

96 Sec. 562 of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1991 (Public Law 101-513; 104 Stat. 2026), added a new chapter 10 to part I of this Act, providing for long-term development in sub-Saharan Africa (see page 170), and made a conforming amendment by striking out "121, or 491" and inserting in lieu thereof "491, or 496" here.

97 Subsec. (h) was added by sec. 310 of Public Law 99-83 (99 Stat. 190).

98 22 U.S.C. 2151v. Sec. 124 was added by sec. 112(a)(1) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat. 948).

99 Sec. 112(a)(2) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (92 Stat. 949) stated that the authority granted by subsec. (c) shall not become effective until October 1,