Rome: From Earliest Times to 44 B.C.

Achaean Africa alliance allies Alps Antiochus Apennines Apulia aristocracy arms Asia Minor assembly attack battle became burgesses Caesar Campania cantons capital Capua Carthage Carthaginian Cato caused cavalry Celtic Celts citizens civil clan coast colonies comitia command communities constitution consul consulship Crassus death defeated East Egypt elected empire enemy Etruria Etruscans favor fleet force Gaius Gaius Gracchus Gaul Gracchus Greece Greek Greek cities Hamilcar Hannibal Hasdrubal infantry Italian Italy king land Latin Latium latter league legions Lucanians Luceria Lucius Macedonia magistrates Marcus Marius Massinissa Metellus military Mithradates nation Numidian occupied once party patricians peace Philip Phoenicians plebeians political Pompeius position possession pretor provinces Publius Pyrrhus Quintus refused remained revolt Roman army Roman senate Rome Rome's Samnites Samnium Sardinia Scipio senate ships Sicily side slaves soldiers Spain struggle Sulla's Syracuse Tarentum territory thousand Tiber tion towns tribes tribunes troops victory Volscian voting whole