Michael L. Moodie, President, Chemical and Biological Arms Control Insti- Jonathan B. Tucker, Ph.D., Director, Chemical and Biological Nonprolifera- tion Program, Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Monterey Institute of Rose Gottemoeller, Senior Associate, Carnegie Endowment for International Joseph A. Christoff, Director, International Affairs and Trade, U.S. General Richard T. Cupitt, Associate Director, Center for International Trade and 2222 WENDESDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 2001 Hon. Chuck Hagel, a U.S. Senator from the State of Nebraska 35 Ms. Gary L. Jones, Director of Nuclear and Nonproliferation Issues, Natural Laura S.H. Holgate, Vice President for Russia Newly Independent States THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 2001 Vann H. Van Diepen, Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of State, Bureau of Nonproliferation, U.S. Department of State Marshall S. Billingslea, Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Kenneth E. Baker, Principal Assistant Deputy Administrator for Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation, National Nuclear Security Administration Matthew S. Borman, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Export Adminis- TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 12, 2002 Elisa D. Harris, Research Fellow, Center for International and Security Stud- Amy E. Smithson, Ph.D., Director, Chemical and Biological Weapons Non- 99 Jim Walsh, Ph.D., Research Fellow, Belfer Center for Science and Inter- national Affairs, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard Univer- Hon. Joseph R. Biden, Jr., a U.S. Senator from the State of Delaware, Novem- Information submitted for the record by Mr. Billingslea entitled "Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and the International Atomic Energy Agency" USEC Inc., Executive Agent for the U.S. Government Implementing the Megatons to Megawatts Program, prepared statement, November 14, 2002. Appendix -: Current and Future Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) Appendix -: Background on Non-proliferation Assistance Programs -: Multilateral Nonproliferation Regimes Questions submitted for the Record by Senator Akaka with answers from: 90 Questions submitted for the Record by Senator Cleland with answers from: Ms. Harris 434 Ms. Smithson 440 Mr. Gromley 457 CURRENT AND FUTURE WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION (WMD) PROLIFERATION THREATS WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 7, 2001 U.S. SENATE, INTERNATIONAL SECURITY, PROLIFERATION, OF THE COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS, Washington, DC. The Subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 2:33 p.m., in room SD-342, Dirksen Senate Office Building, Hon. Daniel Akaka, Chairman of the Subcommittee, presiding. Present: Senators Akaka, Cleland, Carper, Cochran, Stevens, and Thompson. OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR AKAKA Senator AKAKA. The Subcommittee will please come to order. I welcome my friend, Senator Cleland, and our first panel. Today's hearing about export controls and weapons of mass destruction is not a new topic for this Subcommittee. Senator Cochran, our distinguished Ranking Member and good friend, also held hearings on export controls when he chaired this Subcommittee. It is not a partisan issue. I think it is fair to say that our witnesses today, who are all noted experts on the subject of proliferation and export controls, reflect the bipartisan nature of this discussion. Since September 11, however, developing an effective approach to controlling the spread of weapons of mass destruction to both state and non-state actors has taken a new urgency. The terrorists of the 21st Century are not intent on using one bullet to assassinate political leaders, as did the lone Serbian nationals who triggered the First World War at the beginning of the last century with the shooting of Archduke Ferdinand in Sarajevo. Twenty-first Century terrorists strive to cause the maximum amount of damage to the maximum number of innocent people. Their weapons of choice are amazingly simple and astoundingly deadly. But they are still the few against the many. As one of our witnesses today notes, contemporary terrorists have a mystical fascination with chemical, biological, and radiological weapons. Osama bin Laden and his followers would use these weapons to harm us all without regard to age, gender, or nationality. Men, women, and children from over 50 nations died on September 11. We cannot forget this fact as we prepare for future |