On 29th July they landed at Nombre de Dios and after a sharp fight captured the town. Drake however was severely wounded, and his men forcibly removed him to the boats. After burning Porto Bello, Drake with eighteen men and a few Maroons marched across the Isthmus towards Panama. It was on this march that Drake, climbing a tree pointed out by his guides, first saw the Pacific, and besought Almighty God of his goodness to give him life and leave to sail once in an English ship on that sea.' After sacking Venta Cruz and acquiring much treasure, he sailed homeward and arrived in Plymouth on Sunday, 9th August 1573, in church hours, when the news of Drake's return did so speedily pass over all the church and surpass their minds with delight and desire to see him that very few or none remained with the preacher.' From 1573 to 1576 Drake saw service in Ireland. On 13th December 1577 he sailed in the Pelican' on his voyage of circum-navigation, a detailed account of which is given in Volume XI. On 26th September 1580 he arrived home very richly fraught with gold, silver, silk, pearls and precious stones.' On 4th April 1581 he was knighted by the Queen on the deck of the 'Golden Hind' (as the 'Pelican' had been re-christened on entering Magellan Straits). In 1582 Drake was Mayor of Plymouth. In the Parliament of 1584-5 he sat as member for Bossiney, and was one of the Committee on the bill for supplying Plymouth with water. On 14th September 1585 he sailed from Plymouth on the expedition to the West Indies, the account of which is given at page 97. Shortly after his return home in July 1586 Drake was placed in charge of the shipping at Plymouth. In November 1586 he was sent on a mission to the Netherlands. On 2nd April 1587 he sailed for Spain commissioned 'to impeach the joining together of the King of Spain's fleet out of their several ports.' On the

19th April he attacked Cadiz, sank or burnt thirtythree vessels and carried away four (see his despatch given in Volume VI., page 440 of this edition). He next captured the Castle of Sagres and held Cape St. Vincent, and then making for the Azores he captured a great Portuguese Carrack and returned to England in the end of June. On the 12th July 1588 the English fleet put out to search for the Spanish Armada, Drake being Vice-Admiral under Lord Howard of Effingham, but a summer gale drove them back to Plymouth. On the 19th of July the Armada was sighted, and from that day to the 2nd of August the fight with and pursuit of the Armada was continued. On 18th April 1589 Drake put to sea in command of an expedition to invade Spain and Portugal, with Sir John Norreys in command of the land forces. The account of this expedition is given by Hakluyt (Volume VI., page 470). From December 1590 to April 1591 Drake was engaged in bringing the river Meavy to Plymouth for the water supply of the town: when this was done he set about building six corn-mills. In 1593 he represented Plymouth in Parliament. During the winter of 1594 and spring of 1595 Drake was preparing for what proved to be his last expedition to the West Indies. On the 28th August the Expedition sailed, with Sir John Hawkins as ViceAdmiral. It was however a failure. News of its approach had reached the West Indies, and everywhere preparations had been made to receive it. Hawkins died off Porto Rico on the 11th November: the same evening a shot from one of the batteries 'strake the stoole from under' Drake as he sat at supper but hurt him not,' though it killed Sir Nicholas Clifford, the Commander of the land forces. On the 15th January 1596 off Nombre de Dios Drake began to keepe his cabin and to complain of a scowring or fluxe,' and on the 28th he died. He was buried a league from shore in a leaden coffin.

For a last and fitting honour to the dead, two vessels of his own fleet and all his last taken prizes were sunk near where he lay, while ashore the fort which the Spaniards had just completed was given to the flames.' (Corbett, Drake and the Tudor Navy, Vol. II., p. 430.) The portrait here reproduced is taken from that in a copy in the British Museum of the Dutch Chart published by Judocus Hondius about 1595.)

Plan of Santiago,

Reproduced from the original in A Summarie and True
Discourse of Sir Francis Drake's West Indian Voyage
in the Grenville Library in the British Museum.
The plan shows the English fleet at anchor before
the town; Drake's ship, the Elizabeth Bonaven-
ture' of 600 tons, distinguishable by the admiral's
flag, the Cross of St. George, flown on the main
mast, is shown in the foreground.

A Spanish Treasure Frigate,

The Spanish Treasure Frigates were specially designed by
Pero Menendez Marquez to carry treasure from
the West Indies to Spain. They are very bigge
and excellent of sayle, which will carie 150 men a
piece with souldiers and mariners. And having
good ordinance, there are fewe or none of our
enemies that can offend us. For wee shall both
leave and take at all times when we list' (p. 158).
The Frigate here represented is 104 foote by the
keele' and '34 foote in bredth' on the main deck.
Her armament consisted of culverins (18-pounders)
on the main deck, demi-culverins (9-pounders) on
the upper deck, and falcons (3-pounders) on the
spar deck.
Forward on a platform on the main

deck was
a place of muskett defence for their mus-
keters to plaie notwithstanding their great ordnance'
-an extremely uncomfortable position, one would

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160

think, in a heavy sea. The legend aft reads: "The
armes of St. Diago a special note to know them.'
The drawing, first reproduced by Mr. Julian Cor-
bett in his Drake and the Tudor Navy, Volume II.,
p. 366, is taken from the original (sent home by
an English spy) in the Record office.

The Rich Mines of Potosi,

Reproduced from a copy of The Discoverie and Conquest of

the Provinces of Peru, and the Navigation in the South Sea,
along that Coast, and also of the ritche Mines of Potosi.
Imprinted at London by Richard Jhones. Febru. 6.
1581., in the Hunterian Library in the University
of Glasgow.

Sir Robert Dudley,

Sir Robert Dudley, the son of Robert Dudley, Earl of
Leicester and Lady Sheffield, was born on August
7th 1574, at Sheen House in Surrey. He matricu-
lated at Christ Church, Oxford, in May 1588. He
states that he held a colonelcy in the army assembled
at Tilbury under command of his father in the same
year. In 1594 he started on his expedition to
Trinidad and Guiana, his first intention-to take
an expedition into the South Seas having been
forbidden by the Queen. Besides the account of
this voyage printed by Hakluyt (p. 203) two other
accounts have been preserved, one by Captain Wyatt
who commanded Dudley's main battle of pike,'
and one by Abraham Kendall, his sailing master.
(Warner's Voyage of Sir Robert Dudley to the West
Indies, Hakluyt Society, 1899.) In 1596 Dudley
commanded the Nonpareil' in the Cadiz expedi-
tion under Essex and Nottingham, and was knighted
at Plymouth on the return of the expedition. In
1603 he began the lawsuit to prove his legitimacy,
but the judgment given on May 10th 1605 went
against him. In the same year he obtained a license

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6

to travel abroad for three years, and left England
accompanied by his cousin, Elizabeth Southwell,
disguised as his page, whom he afterwards married.
They went to Florence, and Dudley entered into
the service of the Grand Duke Ferdinand I. for
whom he designed and constructed several warships.
In 1646 when he was seventy-two he published his
great work Dell' Arcano del Mare. He died at
Carbello in 1649. Anthony à Wood says of him:
This Robert Dudley was a compleat gentleman
in all suitable employments, an exact seaman,
a good navigator, an excellent architect, mathe-
matician, physician, chymist, and what not. He
was a handsome, personable man, tall of stature,
red-hair'd and of admirable comport, and above all,
noted for riding the great horse, for tilting, and for
his being the first of all that taught a dog to sit in
order to catch partridges.' The portrait is taken.
from a proof engraving, in the British Museum, of
a copy by G. P. Harding of the original miniature
portrait by Nicholas Hilliard.

Sir Anthony Sherley, .

Sir Anthony Sherley was born in 1565. He graduated
B.A. at Oxford in 1581, and was elected probationer-
fellow of All Souls College. He took part in the
wars in the Low Countries under the Earl of
Leicester in 1586 and was present at Zutphen.
In August 1591 he joined the Earl of Essex in
his expedition to Normandy in support of Henry
of Navarre. Henry made him a Knight of the
Order of St. Michael, whereupon Queen Elizabeth
imprisoned him for accepting the honour without
her permission. He was released on retiring from
the Order. He married Frances Vernon, first cousin
of the Earl of Essex, but the marriage proved un-
happy, and to distract his thoughts from his home
life he organised his expedition to the West Indies.

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