Expedition, 1900-1901; a manuscript set of 316 large-scale topographic sheets of the Philippines annotated in Spanish; and several maps of northwest Mexico collected during Pershing's Punitive Expedition. Photographs, ca. 1900-1919 (800 items), consist of a pictorial history of the American expedition in Siberia, and snapshots taken in the Philippines, ca. 1900. RECORDS OF UNITED STATES ARMY COMMANDS, 1942(RECORD GROUP 338) The present system of U.S. Army commands emerged from a War Department reorganization of February 28, 1942, which restructured the Department for the wartime program of organizing, training, arming, supplying, transporting, and providing strategic control to the enlarged U.S. Army. During World War II all Army activities in the United States were grouped under the Commanding Generals of the Army Air Forces, the Army Ground Forces, and the Army Service Forces. A small group of air, ground, and supply officers assisted the Chief of Staff in strategic planning and direction and in coordinating the action of the three commands to provide theater commanders with means for conducting war operations. There existed in the Zone of Interior a separate air force and a ground force for the development of equipment and for organization and training. The fighting units created by these separate commands were merged into fighting teams or task forces in combat under commanders of the various theaters of operations, defense commands, or task forces. There are currently 13 major Army commands, organized both functionally and geographically. There are 26,888 cubic feet of records dated between 1940 and 1960, with a few dated as early as 1939, in this record. group. RECORDS OF THE U.S. ARMY The top administrative headquarters of the U.S. Army's combat and service forces in the European Theater of Operations was known as Headquarters U.S. Army Forces in the British Isles from January to June 1942, and as Headquarters U.S. Army European Theater of Operations (ETOUSA) from June 8, 1942, to July 1, 1945, when it was renamed U.S. Forces European Theater. In March 1947 it was renamed the European Command; and on August 1, 1952, the headquarters was redesignated U.S. Army Europe. General records (631 lin. ft., in WNRC) consist of a historical file, 194345, of the chief historian; Intelligence Division interrogation reports on German and Italian prisoners of war and persons in the Soviet Union or Sovietcontrolled countries, 1942-49; and Judge Advocate Division war crimes correspondence and case files, 1945-58, with indexes. Also included are records of War Criminal Prison No. 1 (Landsberg Prison), Munich District, Southern Area Command, consisting of personal name dossiers relating to the prosecution, execution, or release of war criminals, 194654; and a file of European editions of the newspaper Stars and Stripes, 1943 60. Foreign military studies consist of German-language manuscripts, with some English translations, relating to German ground, air, and naval operations during World War II prepared from 1945 to 1959 by German Army officers as part of the U.S. Army's historical program. British Air Historical Branch records, 1945-56, consist of copies of British Air Ministry translations of captured Luftwaffe studies and other German records, 1939-45, relating primarily to German air operations, losses, and experiences in World War II. Included is some material concerning German ground and naval operations and Allied operations. Headquarters U.S. Forces in Austria was redesignated Headquarters Southern European Task Force on October 20, 1955. Its records (in WNRC) consist of war crimes case files of the Office of the Staff Judge Advocate, 1945-55. RECORDS OF THE U.S. ARMY The U.S. Army Forces in the Central Pacific Area (USAFICPA) was established in September 1943 and renamed the U.S. Army Forces Pacific Ocean Area in August 1944. Its jurisdiction was enlarged to include Army garrisons in the South Pacific that had been controlled by the U.S. Army Forces in the South Pacific. In July 1945 the U.S. Army Forces in the Middle Pacific was established as a subordinate command of the Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Ground Forces Pacific, which was redesignated U.S. Army Pacific on February 1, 1947, and which was made command headquarters for all Army units in the Pacific and Far East under the Commander in Chief, Pacific, on July 1, 1957. The records include a mail distribution scheme file of the Adjutant General's Postal Division, 1942-46, case files of the Sugamo Prison Supervisory Detachment, 1945-52, and records relating to the guerrilla resistance movement in the Philippines, 1942-45. RECORDS OF THE HAWAIIAN DEPARTMENT. 1941-45. 1 lin. ft. (in WNRC). From 1939 the Hawaiian Department served as the Army's major command in the Central Pacific until USAFICPA was established in 1943. The Department's records and most of its responsibilities were transferred to USAFICPA, but it remained active for such purposes as military government. The records. consist of correspondence of the Office of Internal Security and Office of the Military Governor and relate to Hawaiian civilian internees. RECORDS OF HEADQUARTERS EASTERN DEFENSE COMMAND. 1941-46. 13 lin. ft. (in WNRC). The Northeast Defense Command, established in March 1941, became the Eastern Theater of Operations in December 1941 and the Eastern Defense Command (EDC) in March 1942. EDC was assigned responsibilities of the discontinued Central Defense Command in January 1944 and those of the Southern Defense Command in December 1944. Both these Commands then became EDC sectors. In January 1946 EDC was discontinued. Records of the Southwestern Sector and its predecessor, the Southern Defense Command, consist of investigative case files, 1942-46, relating to the alien exclusion program for U.S. areas adjacent to the Gulf of Mexico. Records of the Chesapeake Bay Sector include periodic reports, plans, field orders, and historical sketches of units assigned to coast or harbor defense projects in the Chesapeake Bay area, 194145; and a history of the Chesapeake Bay Sector by Brig. Gen. R. L. Tilton, n.d. RECORDS OF THE WESTERN The Western Defense Command (WDC) was established March 17, 1941, and placed under the direction of the Commanding General of the 4th Army to provide for defense of the U.S. west coast. On December 11, 1941, the WDC and the Alaska Defense Command were placed under the newly established Western Theater of Operations, which was discontinued October 27, 1943. The WDC continued to function as one of the two major Army continental defense commands from November 1943 until March 1946. The records relate to the exclusion program on the west coast, which provided escorts for enemy-alien evacuees from prohibited military areas, supervised the security measures of assembly centers, helped enforce proclamations and restrictive orders, and conducted removals of Japanese and Japanese-Americans to war relocation centers. The records include policy and procedural files, microfilm copies (620 rolls) of records of assembly centers, exclusion orders, transcripts of hearings, and selected case files for individuals excluded, 1942-46; and copies of reports assembled as the final report of the Commanding General of the WDC and the 4th Army, 1941-43. RECORDS OF OTHER ARMY FIELD COMMANDS. 1940-52. 25,897 lin. ft. (in WNRC). These records of U.S. Army continental and overseas commands and subordinate organizations include records of such commands as the 3d Army, the U.S. Army Caribbean, the VII Corps, the U.S. Army Forces Korea, the ChinaBurma-India Theater, the Adriatic Base Command, and smaller geographical commands such as the Philippine Command. The records relate to maneuvers and combat operations, staff and command conferences, inspections by highranking officers, visits by important civilians, relationships with foreign governments, and tables of organization and equipment. CARTOGRAPHIC RECORDS. 194252. 116 items. Included are general maps prepared by the 1st, 5th, 6th, 8th, and 9th Service Commands; plans of military installations; and topographical maps of the Hawaiian Islands and the Panama Canal Zone. See Headquarters U.S. Army Europe, Guide to Foreign Military Studies, 1945-54, Catalog and Index (1954) and its Supplement (1959). Microfilm Publication: German Documents Among the War Crimes Records of the Judge Advocate Division, Headquarters, United States Army, Europe, T1021, 20 rolls. RECORDS OF THE MILITARY GOVERNMENT OF CUBA (RECORD GROUP 140) The treaty that ended the SpanishAmerican War on December 10, 1898, provided that Spain relinquish sovereignty over Cuba. On December 13, 1898, the Adjutant General, U.S. Army, ordered the establishment of the Division (later Department) of Cuba. Maj. Gen. John R. Brooke, who directed military affairs in Cuba, was also military governor and directed civil affairs through the Military Government of Cuba. On December 20, 1899, he was succeeded by Maj. Gen. Leonard Wood, who served until May 20, 1902, when the Republic of Cuba was established. The Late Military Government of Cuba was established at Washington, D.C., to complete business and transfer the military government records to the Bureau of Insular Affairs in the War Department (see RG 350). Many of the records of the military government were RECORDS. 1898-1903. 301 lin. ft. These consist of all extant records of the Military Government of Cuba and the Late Military Government of Cuba, including reports of officials, 1901-2; letters received and sent, 1899-1903, with indexes, and abstracts of those received; coasting permits and oaths of masters, 1899-1902; ledgers of the Treasurer of Cuba, 1900-1902; correspondence and related documents of the auditor, 18981902, with records relating to audits of the Customs Service, the Post Office, and the Bureau of Internal Revenue, 1899-1902, and financial records of the Jucaro and San Fernando Railroad, 1899-1900; correspondence, orders, circulars, and news bulletins of the collector of customs, 1899-1902, with personnel records, 1898-1901; correspondence, reports, and personnel records of the chief engineer, 1899-1902; a journal of the director of posts, 1899-1903, and letters, cases referred, and reports of special agents, 1899-1902; correspondence of the Department of Havana, 18991900, concerning schools and hospitals; journals of the judge advocate and the Legal Division, 1899-1902; correspondence and reports of the inspector general, 1900-1902; letters concerning the Cuban census, 1899-1900; an index to the correspondence of the Captain of the Port of Havana, 1899-1901; property returns of the commissioner of public schools, 1900-1902; correspondence and documents of the Tariff Revision Commission, 1901; and lists of military government records compiled before they were shipped to the United States, 1902 3. Cartographic records (50 items) con sist of maps and plans from engineers surveys, plans of fortified sites, anc topographic maps of strategic areas prepared by the Division, 1898-1900, and Department, 1901-2, of Cuba. See Margareth Jorgensen, comp., Preliminary Inventory of the Records of the Military Government of Cuba, PI 145 (1962). RECORDS OF THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT OF CUBA (RECORD In 1906 T. Estrada Palma, President of the Republic of Cuba, requested that the United States maintain order and protect life and property in Cuba after dissatisfaction with his reelection culminated in insurrection. U.S. Secretary of War William H. Taft, acting as mediator between the insurrectionists and President Palma's government, issued a proclamation on September 29, 1906, establishing the Provisional Government of Cuba to restore order, peace, and public confidence, and to hold free elections. On October 13, 1906, Charles E. Magoon, a former law officer in the Bureau of Insular Affairs, succeeded Taft as Provisional Governor, and on GROUP 199) October 23, 1906, the Bureau assumed responsibility for all matters in the United States relating to the temporary administration of the Cuban government. The Provisional Government functioned chiefly through existing Cuban executive departments headed by Cuban acting secretaries who were advised by U.S. Army officers. On legal matters the Advisory Law Commission assisted the Governor. When the newly elected Cuban President was inaugurated on January 28, 1909, the Governor relinquished his post. There are 17 cubic feet of records dated between 1906 and 1909 in this record group. RECORDS. 1906-9. 20 lin. ft. Included are the Provisional Governor's confidential correspondence; the treasurer's reports of funds received, warrants paid, movements of funds, and payments made on internal debt bonds; the controller general's reports of money received, warrants issued, expenditures approved, disbursements made, and bond and stamp movements; the auditor's statements of the apportionment of funds, balances, and collections received from maritime, land, and loan taxes; and National Board of Health reports on yellow fever and contagious diseases. CARTOGRAPHIC RECORDS. 1906-9. 145 items. These consist of maps prepared by the Army of Cuban Pacification, including a large-scale manuscript military map of Cuba, plans of cities and towns that show billeting of troops, and thematic maps. See Roland Rieder and Charlotte M. Ashby, comps., Preliminary Inventory of the Records of the Provisional Government of Cuba, PI 146 (1962). RECORDS OF THE DOMINICAN CUSTOMS RECEIVERSHIP (RECORD GROUP 139) The Dominican Customs Receivership became operative April 1, 1905, after the United States and the Dominican Republic signed an executive arrangement (modified by conventions of February 8, 1907, and December 27, 1924) to avert intervention by other foreign states in Dominican affairs. The United States was to adjust all obligations of the Dominican Government through the collection and administration of its customs duties. Immediate supervision and control of the Receivership, exercised first by the Bureau of Insular Affairs (see RG 350) of the War Department, and later by its successor, the Division of Territories and Island Possessions of the Interior Department, was transferred to the Department of State by Reorganization Plan No. IV of 1940. The funds and most of the records and other property of the Receivership, which ceased functioning March 31, 1941, pursuant to the Trujillo-Hull Convention, were turned over to the Dominican Republic. Many of the records are in the Archivo General de la Nacion at Santo Domingo. Closely related records in the There are 33 cubic feet of records dated between 1905 and 1941 in this record group. on RECORDS. 1905-41. 40 lin. ft. These consist of circulars, orders, and bulletins in Spanish and English, chiefly administrative matters, 1905-7; administrative reports, 1905-26; classified correspondence primarily concerning political matters, 1907-16; a chronological file of general correspondence and reports, 1905-41; correspondence of General and Deputy General Receivers, chiefly relating to diplomatic matters but including personal letters, 1905-40; and special Receivership inspectors' reports chiefly concerning customhouse administration and smuggling, 1931-39. See Kenneth W. Munden, comp., Preliminary Inventory of the Records of the Dominican Receivership, PI 148 (1962). |