4 Accelerated amortization of defense facilities, for holders of certificates of necessity. Specific concessions to small business under the Technical Amendments Act of 1958. Tax credits to modernize plants and machinery. assistance to particular groups of individuals, such as borrowers (including home mortgagors), the elderly, blind, and sick. Any reduction in taxes will, of course, benefit certain individuals and firms more than others. IV. INDIRECT ASSISTANCE TO SPECIFIC ECONOMIC GROUPS Financing of highway construction, costs of which may be borne unequally, resulting, some maintain, in a subsidy to the trucking industry. Financing of airport construction. Construction of air navigation aids: Traffic control equipment, weather reporting facilities, radio beams, instrument landing systems. Improvements to harbors, dredging of rivers, construction of canals, and assisting in financing construction of canals, and marine naviga tional aids. Protective tariffs. Government purchase restrictions under the Buy American Act. Reserving coastal trade and trade with noncontiguous areas of the United States to American-flag shipping. Cargo preference: Several laws stipulating various kinds of cargo preference; e.g., requiring goods purchased for the Army and Navy, exports financed by Government loans, and half of foreign aid shipments to be transported in American-flag vessels. Department of Labor: Bureau of Labor Stati: Securities and Exchange Commission. Survey and Geological Survey. Crop estimates by the Crop Reporting Service. Weather forecasts by the Environmental Servi (weather bureau). Scientific and indústrial research by such agenci Bureau of Standards, Geological Survey, Bure Service, Fish and Wildlife Service, Tennessee Bureau of Public Roads, Department of Agr Drug Administration, and the Atomic Energy ( Certain postal services provided free and various such as second- and third-class mail and rural fi Management and technical assistance to small k redevelopment agencies. Assistance to small business in obtaining Govern Protection against sawtimber fires on privately o Land grants and land sales to U.S. citizens. Construction and assistance in maintaining prin roads. V. GOVERNMENT Economic PROGRAMS WITH INCIDENTAL ECONOMIC EFFECTS SIMILAR TO THOSE OF SUBSIDIES Letting of Government contracts for supplies, research, and develop ment, etc. Special provisions favoring (1) small businesses and (2) depressed areas in awarding of Government contracts. Disposal of surplus property, e.g., manufacturing plants, ships, and many other items, at less than market value. Stockpiling of minerals and other strategic materials. Silver purchasing. VII. LENDING AND LOAN GUARANTEE P: FEDERAL AGENCIES Rural Electrification Administration: Loans, tives, to provide electric power and telepho Farmers Home Administration: Loans to fari the family-type farm and encourage better include operating, ownership, rural hous emergency loans. Loans are also made fr and sewage systems, small watershed proje housing. Commodity Credit Corporation: Loans to modities as collateral. Department of Commerce: Economic Developm Loans for industrial, commercial, and public fad ment areas. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Office of Education: Loan funds for student struction, and acquisition of teaching equip VI. FREE SERVICES OR SERVICES Below Cost, OFFERED BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT Statistical information of many kinds of importance to business, industry, and labor. The more important Federal agencies furnishing statistical services free or at small charge to the public are: Department of Agriculture. Business Economics. VIII. INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDERTAKEN B GOVERNMENT Department of Stute: Agency for International Development: Loans to promote multilateral trade and economic development and other loans to develop resources of underdeveloped nations, by use of funds derived from export sale of U.S. agricultural commodi ties. Department of the Interior: Bureau of Commercial Fisheries: Loans to fisheries. Export-Import Bank: Loans to finance exports and imports and to promote economic development in lesser developed countries." Housing and Home Finance Agency: Federal National Vortgage Association: Purchase of Govern ment-insured mortgages Urban Renewal Administration: Loans to local public agencies for slum clearance and urban renewal projects.! Community Facilities Administration: Construction loans for college housing, for public facilities, and for facilities for the elderly. Public Housing Administration: Loans to local authorities for con struction of low-rent public housing.' Office of Economic Opportunity: Loans to combat poverty in rural areas. lishing small businesses. Small Business Administration: Business loans to small businesses. ment companies. Loans to State and local development companies. Veterans' Administration: Direct housing loans in rural areas and small towns. B. Loan guarantee and insurance programs Housing and Home Finance Agency, Federal Housing Administration: Insures wide range of real estate loans. Veterans' Administration: Housing, business, and farm loans to veterans guaranteed. Farmers Home Administration: Insures farm ownership and soil and water conservation loans. Commodity Credit Corporation: Private loans on commodities guaranteed. Maritime Administration: Guarantees private construction loans and mortgages on most types of passenger and cargo-carrying vessels. Civil Aeronautics Board: Guarantees loans for aircraft purchases by local air services and other small airlines. Interstate Commerce Commission: Guarantees loans to railroads for certain purposes under Transportation Act of 1958. Defense Production Act (sec. 301): Authorizes guarantees by various agencies on loans to defense contractors and subcontractors. Export-Import Bank. Small Business Administration. Agricultural crop insurance: Federal Crop Insura Bank deposit insurance: Federal Deposit Insurang Savings and loan association deposit insurance:] Loan Insurance Corporation. Federal employees group life insurance: Civil Seri Federal employees civil service retirement insur Commission. Health insurance for Federal employees (parti Service Commission. U.S. Government life insurance: Veterans' Admin National service life insurance: Veterans Adminis Veterans' special term life insurance: Veterans' A Old-age and survivors insurance: Bureau of Old Insurance. Disability insurance: Bureau of Old-Age and Surv Service-disabled veterans' insurance: Veterans' Ad Unemployment insurance (jointly with the States) ment Security. Railroad unemployment and sickness insurance: I Board. Maritime war risk insurance: Varitime Administr Aviation war risk insurance: Department of Comi IX. FEDERAL GRANTS-IN-AID PAYMENTS TO: GOVERNMENTS, Fiscal YEAR 1 Department of Agriculture: Basic scientific research grants. tion and development. Development facilities grants. assistance. 2 Currently sell-supporting. ? Several of these programs do not now involve net losses to the Federal Government. Insurance and loan guarantee programs involve Federal commitments which could result in losses to the Government at some future time. These programs are in the nature of subsidies in the sense of providing insurance or loan guarantee services not available or available only at higher cost from private enterprise. Department of Defense: Civil Defense. National Guard centers: Construction. Act-shared revenues. Accelerated public works program. Adult work training and development. Work experience and training: American Printing House for the Blind. Assistance to public schools. Higher educational activities. Teacher Corps. Air pollution. search facilities. Urban, industrial, and radiological health. Administration on Aging. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare- Rehabilitation services and facilities gra Work incentive activities. Low-income housing demonstration program Water and sewer facilities. Bureau of Indian Affairs. Waste treatment works construction. Water supply and pollution control. National wildlife refuge fund. Training allowances. Classroom instruction. tration. Beautification. Urban Nass Transportation Administra X. FEDERAL AID PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS, STATES Agriculture conservation program. |