The other is Edward C. Carter. I do not know if he has been named as a member of the Communist Party or not. He was head of the IPR. The other eight have been named as members of the Communist Party and I would like to insert this in the record to show the interlocking directorate between Amerasia and IPR.

Senator SPARKMAN. Let the insertion be made.

(The document referred to is as follows:)

Members of the editorial board of Ameraisa, and writers who are, or were, connected with IPR

Senator MCCARTHY. Exhibit 5. This is a reproduction of a petition signed by Philip Jessup.

In 1946 it was published in the New York Times, February 16, 1946. At that time I assume most of the Senators will recall, the Communist Party line was that if only we would quit manufacturing our atomic bombs, if we would tear down our atomic bomb plants, that then Russia would be happy and she would know we were a peaceloving nation. That was the line in the Daily Worker, as I recall, and it was not surprising to find Earl Browder, Frederick Field, and other well-known Communists advocating this.

Senator SPARKMAN. We have a roll call. Let the committee stand in recess for 15 minutes.

(A short recess was taken.)

Senator SPARKMAN. Let the committee come to order.

I suppose Senators Smith and Brewster will be in shortly but I think we can go ahead.

Senator McCarthy, you were on page 18, exhibit 5,

Did you intend to just offer that as an exhibit?

Senator MCCARTHY. I would like to discuss that for a minute.

LETTER FROM CHESTER J. BYRNS

Mr. Chairman, first I have a letter which I got from Chester J. Byrns, director, law student's program, American Bar Association. He was disturbed by referring to the American Law Student's Association as a Communist front and he points out that on September 5,

1949, delegates from 46 law schools under the sponsorship of the American Bar Association and the Junior Bar Conference organized the American Law Student Association.

Now, unfortunately, they adopted almost the same name as the American Law Student's Association, the only difference being "s" after Student's."

However, I think it should be clear to everyone that this American Law Student's Association, which was cited as early as 1944 as a Communist front is an entirely different organization than the Ameriican Law Student Association.

I assume this group of young men did not know about this other organization known as the American Law Student's Association or they would not have adopted a name that is almost identical.

There is nothing we can do for them that I know of except I would like to put his letter into the record at this time and make it clear that this organization formed in St. Louis, Mo., September 5, 1949, as far as I know, has no connection with the one with which Philip Jessup was connected except the name is almost identical and can be very easily confused.

With the Chair's permission, I would also like to insert the list of facts sent to me covering the American Law Student Association. Senator SPARKMAN. Both insertions will be made. (The documents referred to are as follows:)

Hon. JOSEPH MCCARTHY,

AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION, Chicago 10, Ill., September 28, 1951.

United States Senate, Senate Office Building, Washington 25, D. C. MY DEAR SENATOR: In today's Chicago Tribune appears a story (a copy of which is enclosed) of your remarks on Mr. Philip C. Jessup before the subcommittee of the Committee on Foreign Relations. You are quoted as stating that Mr. Jessup was a member of several Communist-front organizations and you are quoted as including among these organizations the American Law Student Association.

I feel that an error may have been made here. The ALSA was founded in St. Louis, Mo., in 1949 as a coordinating agency for the student bar associations of the Nation's approved law schools. It is sponsored by the American Bar Association, which has been most active in promoting it. For your information I am enclosing some material on the ALSA.

You can appreciate, Senator McCarthy, our concern with the suggestion that the ALSA is a Communist-front organization. I would be most appreciative if you would confirm the report that you regarded the ALSA as a Communist-front organization and if so, would you please furnish me your basis for so thinking. Quite naturally we are anxious to clear up this misunderstanding.

I am asking Mr. Charles H. Burton, chairman of the junior bar conference of the American Bar Association, whose office is in Washington, to contact you on this matter. He also will be able to give you any information you desire. Thank you very much, Senator McCarthy, for you attention to this matter. Respectfully yours,

CHESTER J. BYRNS,

Director, Law-Student Program, American Bar Association.

I. History

DATA ON THE AMERICAN LAW STUDENT ASSOCIATION

AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION JUN'OR BAR CONFERENCE

FACTS ABOUT THE AMERICAN LAW STUDENT ASSOCIATION

A. Organized in St. Louis, Mo., on September 5, 1949, by delegates from 46 law schools, under sponsorship of the American Bar Association and the Junior Bar Conference.

B. A constitution was drafted and adopted by the delegates at the organizational meeting, and national officers were elected from the delegates present to serve for the ensuing year. Richard J. Flickinger, student at the University of Pittsburg Law School, was the first president of the ALSA.

C. Since the organizational meeting 36 additional schools have been admitted to membership, and applications of others are pending.

II. Purposes

A. General purpose is to provide a national organization of law students through which there may be

1. Development of closer relationship between law students and the American Bar Association, State bar associations, and local bar associations;

2. Interchange of ideas among law students from all parts of the Nation and the promotion of student bar organizations;

3. Solutions of mutual problems of the member student bar groups;

4. Development of placement bureau for graduating law students;

5. To introduce students to the problems and responsibilities they will have as members of the legal profession after their admission to the bar.

B. Purposes are to be achieved partly through a national conference, held annually in conjunction with the American Bar Association Convention, and through circuit conferences attended by the schools of each circuit.

1. The third annual conference of the ALSA was held in New York City from September 15 through 18, 1951.

2. Conferences of the member schools are held during the spring of each year by each of the 11 circuits.

III. Membership

A. Entirely voluntary on the part of each law school association:

1. No dues, no fees, no financial obligations.

2. Each member organization, however, has the responsibility of sending delegates to the national and circuit conferences.

B. Autonomy of member schools:

1. The ALSA does not attempt to control or interfere in any way with the affairs of the member schools. It acts only as a coordinating agency.

C. Admission to membership:

1. For law schools having compulsory membership of all their students in their student bar associations:

(a) File a petition for membership with secretary of American Law Student Association. The petitioner thereupon automatically becomes member upon receipt by secretary of the petition.

2. For law schools having voluntary membership in their law-school student organizations:

(a) Petition for membership filed with secretary along with;

(b) Certificate from dean of the petitioning school that the petitioning group is a representative body, open to membership of all members of the student body or at least the junior and senior classes thereof.

(c) Upon the written approval of three-fourths of all the members of the board of governors of the ALSA, the petitioning organization is admitted to membership.

3. All forms necessary for either type of student bar association to petition for membership can be obtained from the American Law Student Association secretary,

IV. Officers

A. House of delegates-consists of delegates sent by each school to the annual conference. Voting at the annual meeting is by school and each school is entitled to one vote.

B. Board of governors-consists of: 5 national officers, 11 circuit vice presidents; 7 ex officio members, 5 being Junior Bar Conference officers and 2 being appointed by the president of the American Bar Association.

C. Committees-Activities; conference; panels; planning; credentials; membership; nominations; placement; publications; public relations; and constitutional revisions.

D. The national officers of the American Law Student Association who, with the exception of the circuit vice presidents, are elected at the annual national meeting are:

1. The president of the American Law Student Association;

2. The executive vice president;

3. A national vice president for each judicial circuit. This officer is elected by the member schools of his circuit at the annual meeting of the circuit. He takes office at the time of the election of the remainder of the members of the board of governors of the association at the next ensuing national conference; 4. The secretary of the ALSA;

5. The treasurer of the ALSA;

6. The sergeant-at-arms of the ALSA.

V. Publications

A. Column in the Young Lawyer, published by the Junior Bar Conference.

B. Special articles and notes published in the American Bar Association Journal (students whose school is a member of the ALSA may subscribe to the ABA Journal for only $1.50 a year).

C. A news journal of the ALSA.

D. Pamphlets on the preparation for and the practice of law.

VI. Advisers

A. Committee on relations with law students-this is a Junior Bar Conference committee whose members assist the ALSA to fulfill its purposes. Through them the student is brought closer to the profession of law.

B. Director of law student program-provided at the expense of the American Bar Association to advise the American Law Student Association on a national scale, to serve as a clearing house for ideas and activities, and to furnish continuity to the law student program. The first director was James M. Spiro who was recalled to active duty with the Judge Advocate General in June 1951. The present director is Chester J. Byrns, who, while a law student, was president of his law school's student bar association. Any questions on problems relating to the American Law Student Association or its activities may be directed to Mr. Byrns at the American Bar Association, 1140 North Dearborn Street, Chicago 10, Ill.

C. Chairman of the Junior Bar Conference-the JBC is a section of the American Bar Association, composed of ABA members who are 36 years of age or under. They have their own officers (a national chairman, vice chairman, and secretary) who are elected annually. They also have their own committees to carry on their activities.

REFERENCES PERTAINING TO AMERICAN LAW STUDENTS' ASSOCIATION

Senator SPARKMAN. By the way, in looking over this booklet prepared and issued by the Un-American Activities Committee of the House of Representatives, I notice that the American Law Students' Association is not listed or is not included in the list.

Have you noticed that?

Senator MCCARTHY. I gave the Chair this morning page 126 which contained the list. It was No. 20 on that list. What book were we referring to then? We have so many listings of these Communistfront organizations.

That was not in appendix 9.

Senator SPARKMAN. This is the list I was referring to, the guide issued by the Un-American Activities Committee, which purports to give a list of all of the organizations that have been cited either by the House of Representatives Un-American Activities Committee, or by the California Committee on Un-American Activities.

I was not looking for it but just casually looking through and then I happened to think of that organization. I do not find it listed at all. Senator MCCARTHY. If the Senator will look at report 448, Seventy-eighth Congress, first session, volume 17, the public hearings of Un-American activities, page 126-this numbering is unusual, Mr. Chairman. I find page 126 comes right after page 1065.

Senator SPARKMAN. I think it is a compilation of various reports or excerpts.

In this section of the report will be found numerous exhibits of Communist and Communist-front organizations. The personnel of these organizations reveals an extensive interlocking directorate with the other organizations discussed in these volumes.

In his memorandum on the National Federation for Constitutional Liberties the Attorney General calls attention to the interlocking directorates in identifying Communist-front organizations.

The American Law Students' Association is there, bearing union label 209, which is the Communist press. That is page 1067 and the 126 is the number of the exhibit.

I have a note on page 1093 also.

Senator SPARKMAN. I have seen that. We went over that the other day.

Senator MCCARTHY. That is the letterhead.

Mr. Chairman, at this time I would like to call attention to the fact that yesterday when I was referring to one of the Communist fronts with which Jessup was affiliated, the Senator from Arkansas called attention to the fact that Paul Douglas' name appeared upon that letterhead. He said, "Would you consider Paul Douglas a Communist?”

I told him I did not.

Now, Paul Douglas has submitted some letters showing he withdrew from this Communist front and showing why he did.

I think in fairness to Mr. Douglas, No. 1, I should see those letters, and No. 2, I think they should be read into the record. Senator SPARKMAN. I placed them in the record. Senator MCCARTHY. May I see the letters?

(The letters were supplied Senator McCarthy.) Senator MCCARTHY. May I read that?

Senator SPARKMAN. Yes, sir.

Senator MCCARTHY. Statement by Senator Paul S. Douglas, Democrat, Illinois. I think this answers the question of the Senator from Arkansas very well and I will give Senator Douglas full credit.

Senator FULBRIGHT. If you are reading for my benefit, I have already read them.

Senator MCCARTHY. That is why I think the rest of the people here, the members of the committee should know about them, too. I may say that I give Senator Douglas a lot of credit for having the intelligence to discover the nature of this organization and withdraw from it [reading]:

STATEMENT PROVIDED BY THE HONORABLE PAUL H. DOUGLAS, UNITED STATES SENATOR FROM ILLINOIS

I have been informed that my name has been brought up in the hearing on the nomination of Philip C. Jessup in connection with the National Emergency Conference for Democratic Rights with which I had a brief connection ending in September 1940, when I resigned.

In order that my relationship to and real attitude toward that organization may be more fully understood, I am herewith releasing, and shall submit to the committee for its information tomorrow, copies of two letters I addressed to Prof. Franz Boas, honorary chairman of that organization, on September 20, 1940, and October 4, 1940, some years before it became publicly labeled as a Communist-front organization.